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微雨燕双飞1988

已采纳

支持具有两种词性:动词与名词词性。1.作动词时表示“认可肯定,并且予以一定的帮助”;2.作名词时表示“提供的帮助,鼓”(望采纳,谢谢!)

支持的英文词性

305 评论(11)

穿风衣的猫2012

英语词类及句子成分解释

导语:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。下面是我给大家整理的英语词类及句子成分解释的内容,希望能给你带来帮助!

一、词类

能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。

英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下:

(一)名词

名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如:

foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂 Newton牛顿

law 法律 freedom自由 peace 和平

英语名词可分为两大类:

1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:

teacher 教师 market市场 rice 大米

magazine杂志 sound 声音 production生产

2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须

大写。例如:

Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯

New York 纽约 United Nations联合国

名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如:

shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆

toy→toys 玩具 leaf→leaves树叶

英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如:

man→men男人 tooth→teeth牙齿 datum→data数据

有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则,请参阅有关的英语语法书。

(二)冠词

冠词(article)放在名词之前,帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。

不定冠词为a/an,用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前,an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如:

a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会

a double room一个双人间 a useful book 一本有用的书

an exhibition一次展览 an honest man一个诚实的人

定冠词只有一个,既the,表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。例如:

the TV programs 那些电视节目 the house那座房子

the Olympic Games奥运会

(三)代词

代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括:

1。 人称代词,如:I, you, they, it等;

2。 物主代词,如:my, his, their, our, mine, hers等;

3。 反身代词,如:myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等;

4。 相互代词,如:each other, one another等;

5。 指示代词,如:this, that, these, those, such, same等;

6。 疑问代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, what等;

7。 关系代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, that等;

8。 不定代词,如:some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等;

(四)数词

数词(numeral)是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。前者称为基数词,例如:one(一),twenty (二十),thirty-five(三十五),one hundred and ninety-five(一百九十五)等;后者称为序数词,例如:first(第一),twentieth(第二十),fifty-first(第五十一等。

(五)形容词

形容词(adjective)是用来修饰名词,表示名词属性的词。例如:yellow(黄色的),wonderful(惊人的),strong(强大的)。形容词一般放在它所修饰的名词之前,例如:busy streets(繁华的街道),public relations(公共关系),young men(年轻人)等。

形容词的比较等级可分为三种,既原级、比较级和最高级。原级,既未变化的形容词原形,例如:great, big, difficult等;比较级,既形容词+后缀-er或more+形容词,例如:greater, bigger, more difficult等;最高级,既形容词+后缀-est或most+形容词,例如:greatest, biggest, most difficult等。

(六)副词

副词可分为四种,包括:

1。普通副词,例如:together(一起),well(好),carefully(仔细地)等;

2。疑问副词,例如:when(何时),where(何地),how(如何),why(为什么)等;

3。连接副词,例如:therefor(因此),then(然后),however(然而),otherwise(否则)等;

4。关系副词,例如:where, when, why等。

副词的比较等级的构成和形容词一样。

(七)动词

动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词,例如:sign(签字),support(支持),have(有),exist(存在)等。

动词根据起意义和作用可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。

实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语,例如:explain(解释),stay(停留),have(有)等。

系动词作谓语时,后面需接表语。常见英语系动词有:be(是),seem(似乎),look(看起来),become(变成),appear(显得),get(变得),feel(感到),turn(变成),remain(仍然是)等。

情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气和情感。情态动词只能和原行动词一起构成谓语动词。英语情态动词主要有can(能够),may(可以,也许),must(必须)及其过去形式could, might等。

助动词常和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及用于否定和疑问等结构中。英语助动词主要有shall, will, have, be, should, would, do等。

实义动词还可根据是否需要宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词(transitive verb)后面要跟宾语,意义才完整。例如:

You muxt consider the matter carefully.

你一定要仔细考虑这件事。(the matter是及物动词consider的宾语)

Have you received the letter?

你受到了那封信吗?(the letter是及物动词receive的宾语)

不及物动词(intransitive verb)本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语,例如:

The old man walked very slowly.

这老人走的很慢。(walked是不及物动词)

He didn't sleep well last night.

他昨晚睡的不好。(sleep是不及物动词)

动词有四种基本形式,即动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。例如:

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词

live lived lived living build built built building

have had had having

动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则和不规则两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词,在原形动词后面加词尾-ed或-d构成。不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的,如eat, ate, eaten。这些动词数量虽不多,但都是比较常用的,必须熟记。

现在分词在动词原形后面加-ing构成。关于动词原形加-ed和-ing的方法和读音以及不规则动词的变化,请参阅相关词典或语法书。

(八)介词

介词(preposition)又叫前置词,放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面,表示它后面的词与句子中其它成分之间的关系。

介词在句中一般不重读,也不能单独作句子成分。

介词根据其构成,可分为简单介词,如:in, at, for, since等;复合介词,如:into(进入), as for(至于), out of(出自);二重介词,如:until after(直至...之后), from among(从...当中);短语介词,如:according to(根据), because of(因为), in front of(在...之前), in the event of(如果);分词介词,如:regarding(关于), considering(考虑到), including(包括)。

介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语(prepositional phrase)。

(九)连词

连词(conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词是虚词,在句中一般不重读,也不能在句中单独作句子成分。

根据连词本身的含义及其所连接的成分的'性质,可分为并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词是连接并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的连词,例如:and(和), or(或者、否则), but(但是), for(因为), not only...but also(不仅...而且), neither...nor(即不...也不)。从属连词是连接主从复合句的主句和从句的连词,例如:that, if(如果), whether(是否), when(当...时候), although(虽然), because(因为), so that(结果)。

从连词本身的结构形式看,又可分为:简单连词,如:but, because, if;关联连词,如:not only...but also, as...as(和...一样);分词连词,如:supposing(假如), provided(倘若);短语连词,如:as if(好象), as soon as(一旦...就), in order that(以便)。

(十)感叹词

感叹词(interjection)是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的词,例如:oh, well, why, hello等。

上述十大词类中,名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、数词等都有实义,故称为实词(notioal word);而介词、冠词、连词、感叹词等没有实义,故称为虚词(form word)。

不少词可以属于几个词类,例如:smoke(名词) (烟尘),(动词) (吸烟);own(形容词) (自己的),(动词) (拥有);just(副词) (刚才),(形容词) (正义的);key(名词) (钥匙),(形容词) (主要的),等。

二、句子成分

由不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子。一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分(members of the sentence)。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。现分述如下:

(一)主语

主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。例如:

Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。(名词做主语)

He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。(代词做主语)

Three plus four equals seven. 三加四等于七。(数词做主语)

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(动词不定式做主语)

Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。(动名词做主语)

Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决与天气。(从句做主语)

(二)谓语动词

谓语动词(predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的句子成分。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。例如:

Action speaks louder than words. 百说不如一干。

The chance may never come again. 这样的机会恐怕不会再来。

333 评论(12)

枫中落叶

同意,赞成 agree, agree with somebody(赞成某人的观点),agree to something (赞成某事)。 不同意,反对 objection ,against比较常用的是:disagree 短语同上。

315 评论(11)

一个人淋着雨

同意,赞成 : conssensus 同意 1. agree on for ages 长期 agree on 同意,赞成 agree to 同意,商定 ... 2. hold with hold over 将…延迟;期满后继任 hold with 同意,赞成;原谅 hunt for 搜寻;寻找;追猎 ... 3. consent conjecture推测,臆说,猜想 consent同意,赞成 constrain强迫,抑制,拘束 ... 4. subscribe subscribe 同意,赞成;订购,订阅 apprehensive 忧虑的,担心的(动词apprehend理解) ... 5。consent to sth 同意 6。Ag. Agreement 同意 in favour of 赞成 approve of approval 赞成 approve of 赞成 approve 赞成 ... to second, to support 赞成 1. 我完全同意你的看法。 I entirely agree with you. 2. 你同意我的计划吗? Do you agree to my plan? 3. 我完全同意。 I couldn't agree more. 4. 如果他不同意该怎么办呢? What if he doesn't agree? 5. 法官同意允许犯人申辩。 The judge assented to allow the prisoner to speak. 6. 如果你同意我的意见,就明白地回答“是”。 Answer with a plain "yes" if you agree with me. 7. 我并不完全同意你。 I do not altogether agree with you. 8. 几乎所有的成员都同意这项提议。 Virtually all the members were in agreement with the proposal. 9. 那位猎人同意明天带我们去打猎。 The hunter agreed to take us to go hunting tomorrow. 10. 总公司已同意你要求的较低价格。 The head office agreed to the lower price you asked for . 11. 8受聘方同意本合同的各项条款。 The engaged party agrees to all the articles in this contract. 12. 我们拟同意贵方代理我方的产品。 We feeling inclined to agree to your agency of our products. 13. 在这件事情上我不同意你的看法。 I have to disagree with you on this. 14. 尽管我努力劝说,他还是不同意。 In spite of my efforts at persuasion, he wouldn't agree. 15. 妈妈同意了,但要求我按时完成。 My mother agreed, but she asked me to finish it on time. 16. 我们有保留的同意了他们的计划。 We agreed to their plan wit ha grain of salt. 17. 我很报歉(遗憾),不能同意你。 124 I regret to say that I can not agree with you. 18. 很抱歉,这点我不同意你的意见。 I'm sorry. I can't agree with you there. 19. 未经雇主同意,不可让访客入内。 RESTRICT TO BRING YOUR FRIENDS OR RELATIVES TO EMPLOYER'S HOUSE. 20. 我觉得我们该停止了,你同意吗? I think we should stop; do you agree? 21. 对不起,但我不能同意你的观点。 I am sorry but I can't agree with you. 22. 你的丈夫(妻子)同意你移民吗? Does your spouse have any plan when she accompanies you to Canada? 23. 请那些同意我的人举起手来好吗? Will those who agree with me please raise their hands? 24. 坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。 To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 25. 经双方同意,可以续订劳动合同。 Labor contracts may also be extended under agreement of both parties. 26. 如何管理总是同意上级的中国人? How to Manage Those“Yes”Guys? 27. 他们都同意这个二手电脑的价格。 They have agreed on the price for the second-hand computer. 28. 狼人同意离开人类世界独自生活。 The werewolves agreed to maintain their own society separate from the world of men. 29. 如果你同意的话,我现在就动身。 With your permission I'll leave now. 30. 我们不同意他的观点,他生气了。 He was offended that we didn't agree with him. 1. 很抱歉,我不赞成你的意见。 I am afraid I can't endorse your opinion. 2. 主席赞成委员会的建议。 The chairman assented to the committee's proposals. 3. 我完全赞成那种理论。 I entirely approve of that theory. 4. 您赞成这种新设计吗? Do you approve of the new design? 5. 群众(对该决定)齐声表示赞成. The crowd chorused their approval (of the decision). 6. 他咧嘴一笑表示赞成. He grinned his approval. 7. 群众高呼赞成. The crowd roared its approval. 8. 她点头表示赞成. She nodded her approval. 9. 在这件事上你赞成他还是反对他? Are you with him or against him on this issue? 10. 那位教授不赞成政府的外交政策。 The professor does not approve the government's foreign policy. 11. 我们来看一下赞成和反对的理由。 Let's just run through the arguments for and against. 12. 他对你的想法表示赞成还是反对? Did he give a yes or a no to your idea? 14. 你赞唔赞成区议会设有委任议席? Do you agree there should be appointed members in the District Council? 15. 我不赞成浪费时间和你再争执了。 I don't of wasting time arguing with you any more. 16. 我们赞成堂堂正正解决这个问题。 We favor a sporting solution of the problem. 17. 你打算投票赞成比尔还是反对他? Are you going to vote for or against Bill? 18. 有些人赞成罢工,另一些人反对。 Some people were for the strike and others were against it. 19. 全体职员投票赞成缩短办公时间。 All the clerks balloted for shortening the office hours. 20. 你赞成补习学校使用视像教学吗? Do you support that the tutorial schools are teaching by video? / Do you support that the video learning can be using in the tutorial schools? 21. 进行你的计划吧,我们完全赞成。 Go ahead with your plan. We're all for it. 22. 市议会投票赞成限制市长的权力。 The town council voted for an abridgement of the mayor's power. 23. 就个人而言,我赞成前一种观点。 Personally, I'm in favor of the former view. 24. 在这两种可行方案中我赞成前者. Of the two possible plans I favour the first. 25. 目前有四分之三的人赞成该提案。 At present three out of four go in for this proposal. 26. 这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。 That is the reason why I am not in favour of revising the plan. 27. 大部分的舆论赞成新的外交政策。 The mass of public opinion is in favor of the new foreign policy. 不同意,持反对意见,持异议 : take issuedisagree 意见不同;不一致 opposition 反对 to oppose 反对 to fight against 反对 to be opposed to 反对 objection to sth 反对 object to反对go against 反对1. 这些将军通过监禁领导人来威吓反对军事统治的人。The generals tried to cow opposition to their military rule by imprisoning their leaders.2. 反对党认为这份报告过于修饰而不予理会。The opposition dismissed the report as a whitewash.3. 政府的计划被反对党批得一钱不值。The government's plan was rubbished by the opposition parties.4. 这两个反对党达成了一项关于在选举中进行合作的协议。The two opposition parties made an electoral pact.5. 那个编辑在一篇社论中恶毒地攻击了反对派。The editor got his claws into the opposition in a vicious editorial.6. 各反对党指责修建新机场是浪费纳税人的金钱。The opposition parties have condemned the new airport as a waste of taxpayers' money.7. 人民群众普遍反对突然实行的变革。The populace at large are opposed to sudden change.8. 财政部原则上反对这些提议。The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.9. 在这件事上你赞成他还是反对他?Are you with him or against him on this issue?10. 这个国家的大多数人都反对赌博。Most people in this country turn thumbs down on gambling.11. 我们来看一下赞成和反对的理由。Let's just run through the arguments for and against.12. 我完全反对一个月后运货的建议。I'm totally against your proposal of shipping the goods one month later.13. 他对你的想法表示赞成还是反对?Did he give a yes or a no to your idea?14. 你能考虑接受我们的反对意见吗?84 Could you consider accepting our counterproposal?15. 他的指控遭到一阵愤怒的反对声。His charges were met with cries of anger.16. 请间您是赞成还是反对这项动议?May I ask, are you for or against the motion ?17. 我试图使他不再反对我们的计划。I tried to break down his opposition to our plan.18. 国际社会准备一致反对恐怖主义。The international community is ready to work in unison against terrorism.19. 很多人都反对用动物做新药试验。Many people are against new drugs being tested on animals.20. 有一些有力的论据反对这些措施。There are strong arguments against these measures.21. 任何反对这个计划的人,请举手。Anyone who is against the plan raise your hand.22. 他站起来用强烈的语言表示反对。He stood up and objected in strong language.23. 总的来说,公众反对这项新法律。In general,the public is/are against the new law.24. 凡是反对这项计划的人,请举手。Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.25. 你打算投票赞成比尔还是反对他?Are you going to vote for or against Bill?26. 我们正掀起一场反对吸烟的运动。We're starting a movement against smoking.27. 有些人赞成罢工,另一些人反对。Some people were for the strike and others were against it.28. 他的父母反对他买摩托车的计划。His parents vetoed his plan to buy a motorcycle.29. 她极力反对银行贷款给那些企业。She extremely deprecates bank's credit to the enterprises.30. 俄罗斯和中国一直反对威胁伊朗。Russia and China have been opposed to threatening Iran. 1. 不管我说什么,他总是不同意。Whatever I say, he always disagrees.2. 父亲不同意我们俩人的婚事。Father disapproved of our marriage.3. 在某些国家,凡是同政府持有不同意见的人都被视为罪犯。In some countries, people who disagree with the government are classed as criminals.4. 起初我不同意他的提议,不过后来我改了主意。Initially, I disagree with his proposal, but later I changed my mind.5. 我不同意你的意见。I disagree with you on this point.6. 我不同意这个决定。We dissented from the decision.7. 我不同意你所说的。I dissent from what you said.8. 您不是不同意,是吗?You don't disagree, do you?9. 在这件事情上我不同意你的看法。I have to disagree with you on this.10. 尽管我努力劝说,他还是不同意。In spite of my efforts at persuasion, he wouldn't agree.11. 很抱歉,这点我不同意你的意见。I'm sorry. I can't agree with you there.12. 我们不同意他的观点,他生气了。He was offended that we didn't agree with him.13. 另外的几个老师不同意他的意见。The other few teachers don”t agree with him .14. 我不同意改变上个月制定的计划。I don't agree to change the plan we made last month.15. 用她的话说,她不同意这一决定.She is quoted as saying she disagrees with the decision.16. 我母亲说什么也不同意我去美国。My mother won't hear of my going to America.17. 其中一家实验室不同意这种说法。One of the laboratories rejected the claim.18. 我不同意你的论点所基于的论据.I disagree with the facts on which your argument is based.19. 我不同意,事情不是这样简单的。I don't agree. Things are not that simple.20. 即使你不同意,也请不要误解我。Even if you disagree, please don't make me wrong.21. 不同意直接进近,因本场有活动。Unable to approve straight-in approach account of local traffic.22. 对不起,我根本不同意你的意见。I'm sorry, but I disagree with you at all.23. 我退出这个计划--我不同意它。I'm bowing out of this scheme I don't approve of it.24. 教师和学生都不同意星期天上课。No teacher and no student agrees the have class on sundy.25. 他既不同意也不反对我们的建议。He neither agreed nor disagreed to our suggest.26. 有人可以不同意这个或那个看法。One can dissent from one or other of these positions.28. 我十分不同意刚才这发言者的话。I strongly dissent from what the last speaker had said.29. 但研究者不同意这些主要的解释。But the researcher does not think these are the main explanations.30. 我同意一些观点,另一些不同意。I agree with some ideas and disagree with others.

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