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高考对冠词的考查集中在基本用法上,主要既反映在对泛指、特指及固定 短语 冠词的考查。抽象名词、物质名词的具体化依然是高考的重点、难点。接下来是我为大家整理的 高三英语 知识考点整理概括,希望大家喜欢!

高三英语知识考点整理概括一

1someone双语例句

Someone explain that one to me!

有人解释说,一到了我!

Someone must be at the back of this.

这事一定有人在背后捣鬼。

He found someone on him.

他发现有人在跟踪他。

2常用不定代词

some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone),no(nothing,nobody,noone),every(everything,everybody,everyone),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither等。

高三英语知识考点整理概括二

高中英语语法中的省略现象

在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些 句子 成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种.种省略现象分析如下:

一、并列复合句中的省略

在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:

a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。

b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。

c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打 篮球 ,玛丽一直在写作业。

d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

二、主从复合句中的省略

1.状语从句中的省略

一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句;由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:

1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:(1) 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词; (2) 连词( though, whether , when)+形容词;(3) 连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语;(4) 连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词; (5) 连词

(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词; (6) 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式。如:

a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工 人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。

b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。 c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。 d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛同志会谈时,感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。

e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。 f) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。奥林匹克金牌获得者 跨栏 运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。

注意:

1) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略,如:

Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。

2) 当从句的主语是 it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时 ,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如:

Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。

2.定语从句中的省略

1) 一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词 that ,which , whom 可以省略;如:

Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?(2002上海春季)

而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which , whom 不可以省略。试比较:

Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。

Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill. ( whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。

2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when ,where , 和 why 经常用that 来代替,甚至还可省略。如:

a) This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the boss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。 b) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。

c) Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ? 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?

3)当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ,从句不能用 how 来引导 ,应该用that 或 in which ,或将它们全部省略。如:

I don't like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。

3.宾语从句中的省略

1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that 一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句 ,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:

a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。

b) He said (that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他说《 反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。

2)由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引导的 宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。如:

a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city).我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。

b) He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。

4.在与suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。如:

Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms.法国总统希拉克建议中法 文化 年以各种各样的形式长期持续。

5.主句省略多用于句首。如:

(It is a ) Pity that I didn’t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。

6.在答语中,主句可全部省略。如:

—Why were you absent from school last Friday ?—(I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill. —上周五你为什么没有上学? —因为我妈妈病了。

三、简单句中的省略

1.省略主语

1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略 如:

(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。

2) 其它 省略主语多限于现成的说法 如:

a) (I) Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助。

b) (It)Doesn’t matter.没关系。

2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 如:

a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽烟

b) (Is there)anything else ? 还有其他事吗 ?

c) (You come)This way please.请这边走。

d) (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽烟吗 ?

3.省略宾语 如:

—Do you know Mr. Li ? 你认识李先生吗?— I don’t know (him.) 我不认识他

4.省略表语 如:

—Are you thirsty ? 你30岁了吗? Yes , I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。

5.同时省略几个成分 如:

a) —Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗 ?—(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。

b) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运/祝你顺利。

四、动词不定式省略,只保留to 的场合

1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如:

a)— You should have thanked her before you left . —I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2000上海春)

b) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以这么做。

2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :

a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)

b) She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to (come). 她想来,可是她父母不让。

3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如:

— I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ? — Not at all.I would be happy to (look after your cat). —我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?—没关系,我很愿意。

4.不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如:

He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。

五、动词不定式to 的省略

1.主语部分有to do ,系动词 is 或 was 时 ,作表语的不定式通常省去to。如:

The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。

2.作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语,前面又有实意动词 do时,不定式通常省去to. 如: He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。

3.主语部分暗含to do,表语中的不定式通常省去to。如:

All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。

4.当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。如: It is easier to say than to do . 说起来容易,做起来难。

5.在would rather?than? 等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略. 如:

I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。

6.在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why (not) do 结构 中, 不定式不带to。如:

a) I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间

b) Why not join us ?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?

六.其他一些省略结构

1.名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。如:

We spent the weekend at the Mary's. 我们在玛丽家过的周末。

2.What和 how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语 it 和be动词 如:

a) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom ! 这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀!

b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child. 被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。

高三英语知识考点整理概括三

主谓一致练习

1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.

A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are

2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.

A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age

3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.

A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing

4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.

A. are B. has C. have D. is

5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.

A. are B. is C. were D. be

6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.

A. is B. are C. was D. has

7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.

A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech

8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor.

A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their

C. will buy the book/one's D. wants to have the book bought/her

9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.

A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left

10. Having arrived at the station, _____.

A. it was found that the train had left &nb, sp; B. th, e trai, n had left

C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left

11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower".

A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand

12. Either of you _____ going there tonight.

A. will B. was C. is D. are

13. You as well _____ right.

A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are

14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.

A. are B. is C. were D. was

15. -- Shall I wait here for three hours?

--Yes. Three hours ___, __ t, , , , , o wait for such a doctor.

A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough fo, , , , , r you

C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you

16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.

A. have not discussed B. have not been discussed

C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed

17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.

A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are

18. Every student and every teacher _____.

A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting

C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting

19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.

A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was

20. This pair of shoes _____.

A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her

21.There ______ no life on the moon.

A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be

22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves

C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs

23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.

A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles

24.What he says and what he does_______.

A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree

25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.

A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own

26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.

A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write

27.The railway station is ______from our school.

A. two hour`s drive B. two hours` drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive

28.Mike and John`s ______.

A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers

C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher

29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.

A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur

30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.

A. Either the offices or B. The offices and C. Both the office and D. The office and

31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.

A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished

32.More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England.

A. is B. was C. are D. be

33. ______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard

A.A great deal of B.A great many C.A large number of D.Many

34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.

A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out

35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.

A. has B.have C.is D.are

36. “All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.

A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is are

37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A.is B.was C.are D.were.

38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.

A.are studying B.have studied C.studies D.study

39.The rich______ not always happy.

A.are B.is C.will D.may

40. ______can be done ______done.

A.All, have been B.All that ,have been C.All has D.All that ,has been

41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.

A.are B.is C.has D.have

42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

A.is searching B.were searching for

C.are searching D.was searching for

43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.

A.is it B.are it C.are them D.is them

44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.

A.is years B.are years C.is year D.are year

45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.

A.are B.have C.has D.is

46. ______a good enough price for this book

A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are C.Two yuans is D.Two yuan is

47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island

A.are seen B.is seen C.see D.sees

48.Every means ______prevent the water from______

A.are used to polluting B. get used to polluting

C.is used to , polluted D.is used to ,being polluted

49.Each of the ______in the ship.

A.passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room

C.passenger have their own room D.sengers has his own room

50.What we need ______good textbooks.

A.is B.are C.have D.has

51.What you said just now______to do with the matter we are discussing.

A.have something B.has something C.had something D.was something

52.Either your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow.

A.is B.are C.are going D.have

53.Neither of the novels which ______popular with us ______been translated into Chinese.

A.are has B.are have C.is have D.is has

54.Every boy and every girl ______to attend the evening party.

A.wish B.wishes C.hope D.are hoping

55._______ has been done.

A.nety—nine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised

C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business

答案:

1-5 BDDDB 6-10 ABACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 DBCDB

21-25 CACBA 26-30CBACA 31-35 CCADC 36-40CBCAD

41-45 BBCBD 46-50 DBDDB 51-55 BAABB

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英语高考常考点

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skyblue086

高考英语11大语法总结

老师叮咛:李辉老师说,想要提高语法,搞明白语法的本质是关键!下面的11个语法总结,值得同学们去理解!这经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真地整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵 !

专题五 情态动词

一、can和could

1、can的用法

(1)表示体力和脑力方面的能力。

(2)表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。

(3)表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。

(4)表示允许,意思与may接近。

(5)表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

(6)can的特殊句型

cannot…too / enough表示“无论怎么....也不过分”。“越....越好”。

cannot but+ do sth.表示“不得不,只好”。

2、could的用法

(1)表示能力,指的是过去时间。

(2)表示允许,指的是过去时间。

(3)表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。

(4)委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。

3、can与could的区别

can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。couldn’t的可能性比can’t小。

4、can与be able to的区别

(1)现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。

(2)完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用have(has,had)been able to。

(3)将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。

(4)过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。

二、may 和might

1、may的用法

(1)表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。

(2)表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。

注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。

2、might的用法

(1)表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。

(2)表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。

3、may与might的特殊用法

(1)“may+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿。

(2)“may/ might well+动词原形”表示(完全)能,很可能。

(3)“may/ might as well+动词原形”表示最好,满可以,倒不如。

(4)may be 是“情态动词+系动词be”结构,表示“可能有,可能在”,否定式为may not be。

maybe是一个词,为副词,意为“大概,或许,可能”,在句中作状语。

三、must的用法

1、表示“必须”,多强调说话人的主观看法。

2、must和have to 的区别:

(1)must表示说话人的义务或说话人主观认为“必须,应当”做某事;have to表示由于某种外界原因而“必须,不得不”做某事。即must侧重说明主观看法,have to强调客观需要。

(2)must只有一种形式,可用于现在、过去或将来时,但have to有不同的形式,可用于不同的时态。

(3)在否定句中,don’t need to, don’t have to, needn’t表示没有义务;mustn’t表示禁止。

3、must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意为“不许,禁止”,表示绝对禁止。若表示“没必要,不必”,应使用needn’t或don’t have to。

注意:对must作否定回答时,不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t have to。

4、must 表示“偏偏”,指令人不快的事情。

5、must用来表示推测,意为i“准是,肯定是”,一般用于肯定句,肯定程度比may,might大得多。

四、need的用法

1、need用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。

2、回答need时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。

3、need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。

4、need to do和need doing

need to do中不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语;need doing是主动形式表示被动含义,即need前的主语就是need后面的动词所表示的动作的承受者。

注意:want和require作“需要”讲时,和need的用法相同。

5、needn’t have done与didn’t need to do

needn’t have done表示过去本不必做但实际上却做了某事

didn’t need to do表示过去不必做而实际上也没做某事

五、dare的用法

1、dare用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句和条件句中;它没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。

2、dare用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。

注意:(1)I dare say意为“我认为,我相信,很可能”。

(2)dare用作实义动词时,表示“敢冒(危险),不俱”。

(3)dare可用于即将或挑战。例:He dared me to jump down.

六、will和would

1、will的用法

(1)可以表示主观意志、意愿,可用于各种人称。

(2)可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。

(3)表示命令(说话者确信命令一定会得到执行)或允诺。

(4)will可用于祈使句的附加疑问句。

(5)用于疑问句,表“邀请,请求”,常与第二人称you连用。

2、would的用法

(1)作为will的过去时态,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志,意为“愿意,执意”。

(2)用于第二人称,表示谦恭地请求或征求意见,比will更为客气。

(3)表示过去的习惯,后接动词原形,意为“总是,总会”。

(4)would表意愿用于词组中。

Would like “喜欢,想要”(=would love)

Would rather “宁愿”。

七、shall和should

1、shall的用法

(1)shall用于第一、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

(3)用于所有人称,表示规章、法令、语言等,可译为“必须”。

2、should的用法

(1)表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。

(2)表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“可能,该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。

(3)多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。

(4)ought to和should的比较

A、ought to也可以表示推论、可能性,和should用法一样。

B、在省略回答中,ought to中的to可以省略。

C、should和ought to表示做正确的事情或理应做的事情。

be supposed to 意为“被期望,应该”,表示被期望发生或根据安排、要求做某事,或认为做某事是正常的。

八、had better 意为“最好”,’d better 为其缩写形式,其后续跟动词原形。

注意:had better 的否定形式had better not .

九、used to “过去常常”,仅用于过去时态中,通常用于所有人称。

1、used to +动词原形,表示过去(有规律的)习惯或过去某一时期的状况,但现在已不存在。

2、其反意疑问句简略回答中,也有两种形式:didn’t ,use(d)n’t

3、used to 和would的区别

(1)used to 可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而would仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作。

(2)used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比,含有“过去如此,现在已不再这样了”之意。Would仅表示过去习惯性动作,没有预先在对比的含义。

(3)used to不能跟表确定时间段的时间状语连用。

(4)used to 可用于无人称句和存在句,而would则不可。

4、used to与be used to do和be used to doing

(1)used to表示“过去常常”隐含现在不这样了,其中to是不定式符号,后跟动词原形,仅用于过去时态。

(2)be/get/become used to 表示“习惯于”时,意为“变得习惯于“或“开始习惯于”。

(3)be used to do表示“被用来”。

十、情态动词后的某些动词形式

1、情态动词+have done

(1)“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。

(2)“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。

(3)“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”

(4)“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。

(5)“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。

(6)“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,多用于虚拟语气结构中;还可以表示“本来可能……”。

(7)“would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。

(8)“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't + have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。

(9)“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

(10)“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

2、情态动词+be doing:表示对现在正在做的事情的推测。

十一、含有某些情态动词的反义疑问句

1、must

当must表示命令时,反义疑问句用needn’t。

动词当must表示推测时,反意疑问句与实际情况保持一致,即与把must删掉后的陈述句的反意疑问句保持一致。

2、can’t

当can’t表示没能力做某事时,反义疑问句用can sb.

当can’t用于表推测时,反意疑问句由实际情况决定,即由去掉can’t后的真实陈述句决定。

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