英语倒装语法现象

倒装是将语句中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等颠倒顺序的一种语法现象，常常具有强调语气，在古汉语文言文和英语语句中比较常见。

常见的倒装句有四种：

倒装句指为了强调、突出等目的而颠倒原有语序的句式。英语句子的正常语序是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了强调句中的某一部分或其他原因，将谓语全部或部分移到主语的前面。根据其倒装形式可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。

倒装句讲解与练习英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:There goes the bell! 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意: ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。2、方位状语在句首, 如:In front of the house stopped a police car.Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装 "What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:1,否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldomNever shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening.Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.2、 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.注意: ①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.I saw the film, so did he.5.省略了if的虚拟条件句Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Were she here, she would support the motion.1.His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV,but ＿＿＿＿.A.a little did he hear B.little did he hear C.little heard he D.a little heard he2.—— Hello,Zhu Hua.I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year.—— ＿＿＿＿＿!A.What tim?flies B.How time flies C.What does time fly D.How does time fly3.During the war, ＿＿＿＿but also he lost his wife and his child.A.not was his job in the lab taken away B.not only was his job in the lab taken awayC.not merely his job in the lab was taken away D.not just was taken away his job in the lab4.—— We have to stop talking here outside.Listen,＿＿＿＿＿!—— Hurry up, or we’ll be late.A.There goes the bell B.There does the bell go C.There the bell goes D.Goes the bell there5.I think this is the first time that we have met.＿＿＿anywhere.A.Before have we never seen each other B.Never before we have seen each otherC.Each other have we seen never before D.Never before have we seen each other6.＿＿＿! You should take this chance to attend it.A.How important conference is it B.How an important conference it isC.What an important conference is it D.What an important conference it is7.She didn’t come to the party last Sunday.＿＿＿,she must have made the party more exciting.A.If she came B.Would she come C.Had she come D.Did she come8.They finally managed to climb to the top,but ＿＿then.A.went the children down the hill B.down the hill did the children goC.down the hill went the children D.down the hill the children went9.I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven.＿＿that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.A.Then did I know B.Only then I knew C.Only then did I know D.Only then knew I10.—— What sport do you like best?—— Springboard diving(跳板跳水).＿＿＿ to dive into water from high board!A.What a fun is it B.How fun it is C.How a fun is it D.What fun it is11.—— The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.—— ＿＿＿＿.He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.A.So would my grandpa B.So wouldn’t my grandpaC.Neither would my grandpa D.Nor wouldn’t my grandpa12.＿＿＿for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is it C.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is13.By no means ＿＿＿ to our plan for the trip.A.will she agree B.she will agree C.agrees she D.will agree she14.The child tiptoed(翘起脚尖走) quietly to the bird.＿＿＿into the forest when he was about to catch it.A.Flew it away B.Away flew it C.Away it flew D.Flew away it15.Little Tom is an orphan.＿＿＿＿＿,he has to make a living by himself.A.A child as he is B.Child as he is C.Child as is he D.A child though he is16.＿＿＿he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!A.What a good advice B.How a good advice C.What good advice D.How good advice17.Hardly had she walked out of the woods ＿＿＿ she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.A.than B.until C.since D.when18.＿＿＿that we couldn’t catch up with him.A.So fast he ran B.So fast did he run C.So fast ran he D.Such fast did he run19.We have been on duty for four hours and ＿＿＿＿.A.now comes your turn B.now does your turn come C.now your turn comes D.comes now your turn20.We haven’t seen each other for many months.＿＿!A.What I missed you B.What did I miss you C.How I missed you D.How did I miss you21.＿＿can you find out how many chickens there are!A.Counting them B.By counting them C.Only by counting them D.Only have you counted them22.Between the two mounts＿＿＿and they decide to build a ropeway(索道).A.lies a very deep valley B.does a very deep valley lieC.a very deep valley lies D.a very deep valley lays23.They went into a small house but ＿＿＿.A.no persons did they find B.not a person found theyC.not a person did they find D.not a person they found24.—— My mother does a lot of housework before going to work,but she has never been late.—— ＿＿＿＿＿.A.So does my mother B.Neither does my mother C.Nor has my mother D.So it is with my mother25.Everyone has arrived at eight and ＿＿＿＿.A.then does the meeting begin B.then begins the meetingC.begins the meeting then D.does the meeting begin then26.＿＿it is for us to see that he does his work so well!A.What surprise B.How surprise C.What a surprise D.How a surprise27.Look over there.＿＿＿!A.Around the corner is walking a policeman B.Around the corner is a policeman walkingC.Around the corner a policeman is walking D.Is around the corner walking a policeman28.＿＿＿,we could forgive him for his mistakes!A.Were he still a child B.If he is still a child C.Is he still a child D.He were still a child29.Henry often helps look after Granny Wang,but＿＿＿.A.seldom is George B.seldom George doesC.seldom does George D.seldom looks George after Granny Wang30.—— The water changes into thick ice covering rivers and lakes in winter in Harbin.—— ＿＿＿＿ in Urumqi and children go skating on it then.A.So is it B.So it does C.So it is D.So does it31.I remember that ＿＿＿＿ an old church on the top of the hill many years ago.A.used to be there B.there used to be C.there used to have D.there had32.Could you write me a letter ＿＿＿?A.when will you get home B.when do you get home C.when you will get home D.when you get home33.Mother told Rose to buy some sugar in the supermarket and ＿＿＿.A.she did so B.so she did C.so did she D.she did such34.＿＿＿shortly after it stopped raining.A.There appeared a colorful rainbow in the sky B.In the sky did a colorful rainbow appearC.There a colorful rainbow appeared in the sky D.There in the sky a colorful rainbow appeared35.After the patients went into the office,＿＿working.A.only a doctor did they see B.only a doctor saw theyC.only a doctor they saw D.only a doctor had they seen36.We have looked for the lost sheep almost everywhere,but nowhere ＿＿＿＿＿.A.we can find it B.can we find it C.can find we it D.we can it find37.Only since they gave up that good chance＿＿＿ to show their invention again.A.have they had no chance B.they have had no chanceC.they have no chance D.have they no chance38.You can see a large signal on the wall： ＿＿＿＿!A.Long lives the PRC B.Long live the PRC C.Long does the PRC live D.Long do the PRC live39.＿＿＿＿＿,she may not catch up with her sister Lisa.A.Hard though she works B.Hard although she works C.Hard works she D.Hard even if she works40.＿＿＿these ancient buildings in this city are!A.What perfectly protected B.How perfect protectedC.How perfectly protected D.What perfect protected41.Nothing but two ancient Chinese coins ＿＿＿＿ after they took out the jar.A.did they find in it B.they found in it C.in it did they find D.in it found they42.He is strict in everything and strict with everyone.＿＿＿＿＿.A.My father is always such B.My father is always so a strict manC.Such is my father D.So a strict man is my father43.If you don’t go to his birthday party next Friday,＿＿＿＿＿.A.so do I B.so will I C.nor do I D.nor will I44.Since everyone has come back here,＿＿＿.A.on goes our discussion B.goes on our discussionC.on does our discussion go D.does on our discussion go45.＿＿when we passed by its nest.A.Up into the blue sky did the bird fly B.Up into the blue sky the bird flewC.Up into the blue sky flew the bird D.Flew up into the blue sky the bird1.B。具有否定意义的副词如：little,seldom,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely等位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。2.B。how time flies＝how fast time flies“时间过得真快”。因为被感叹的部分是副词fast，因此感叹词用how，感叹句需用陈述语序。3.B。not only...but also连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，该分句主谓部分倒装。4.A。在以here,there,up,down,in,on,out,away,off等副词开头的句子里，主语是名词时，句子主谓全部倒装，以示强调。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。5.D。否定副词never before提前到句首时，句子用部分倒装。6.D。由于被感叹的部分是可数名词单数conference，所以感叹词用what，感叹句需用陈述语序。7.C。Had she come＝If she had come。if引导虚拟语气条件状语从句，在口语中或非正式场合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒装。8.C。介词短语位于句首，且谓语为不及物动词的句子，句子的主谓全部倒装。9.C。only修饰句子的状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。10.D。句子中fun是不可数名词，感叹词需要用what。11.C。Neither would my grandpa＝My grandpa wouldn’t stay at home for a rest,either.否定副词neither,nor提前到句首，句子用部分倒装。12.D。形容词exciting前用感叹词how,感叹句用陈述语序。13.A。表示否定意义的介词短语在句中作状语置于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。这样的介词短语有：by no means,at no time,in no way,not in the least等。14.C。参见注4。15.B。Child as he is＝Although he is a child。as引导让步状语从句时，通常要把作表语的形容词或名词、作状语的副词或动词原形提前到句首，同时注意，作表语的单数名词前无形容词时要把不定冠词去掉。16.C。名词advice用感叹词what,advice是一个不可数名词。17.D。hardly...when...表示“一……就”。注意，主句主谓要用部分倒装。18.B。在so...that的句型中“so＋形容词或副词”提前到句首时，主句主谓部分倒装。19.A。时间副词now／then置于句首，其谓语又是come,go,begin等，这时应该用全部倒装语序。20.C。how修饰句子的谓语动词，句子表示“我是多么想念你啊！”21.C。参见注9。22.A。参见注8。23.C。“not a (an)＋可数名词的单数形式”提前到句首时，句子要用部分倒装。24.D。如果前面提及不止一件事情，说明另一个人也是如此要用so it is／was with sb.。25.B。参见注19。26.C。surprise是一个抽象名词，通常作不可数名词，但这里说明某次具体情况，surprise可以用作可数名词，前面加不定冠词a (surprise没有复数形式）。类似词有shame,pity等。27.A。参见注8。28.A。Were he still a child＝If he were still a child。29.C。参见注1。30.D。so does it＝the water also changes into thick ice covering the rivers and lakes in winter in Urumqi.说明乌鲁木齐的天气也是如此。31.B。there used to be构成倒装句式，表示过去曾出现过的情况。32.D。when you get home时间状语从句用陈述语序，一般现在时表示将来。33.A。so替代前面提到的要求所作的事情，此时不用倒装。34.A。there后面可以跟不及物动词appear／live／stand／lie等，说明某处出现／存在某现象或某事物，此时句子主语必须是名词。 35.C。only修饰句子的宾语位于句首时，句子不倒装。36.B。具有否定意义的副词nowhere提前到句首时，句子用部分倒装。37.A。句子中only修饰since引导的时间状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装形式。38.B。口语中一些祝福语可以用倒装语序。“Long live(动词原形)＋主语”表示“祝某人或某事物万岁”。39.A。though引导让步状语从句时，有时把句子的表语或状语提前到句首。40.C。句子中perfectly protected相当于形容词作表语，因此感叹词用how。41.B。表示否定意义的不定代词nothing在句中用作宾语置于句首，句子不需要用倒装语序。42.C。当such作句子的表语，位于句首代替上文情况时，句子通常用倒装语序。43.D。nor will I＝I will not go to his birthday party next Friday, either.if 引导说明将来情况的条件状语从句，主句的时态应该是将来时态。44.A。参见注4。 45.C。表示方位的副词及介词短语置于句首，名词作句子的主语时，句子的主谓用全部倒装。

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。

谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。倒装句可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be动词等功能置于主语这前。

引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种：

1、在there be 及其类似结构中

例1：There are forty students in our class.

例2：There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.

例3：There stands a bridge across the river.

2、在表示祝愿的句子中

例1：Long live the People’s Republic of China!

例2：May you succeed!

例3：Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.

3、在疑问句中

例1：How are you getting along with your work?

例2：Is this report written in detail?

注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。

相关信息：

倒装句的结构分为：部分倒装结构，谓语的一部分跑到了主语之前。例句：can we learn English。完全倒装结构，谓语整个部分放到主语之前，主谓变成谓主，例句：In the classroom sits a student。

倒装句的结构，倒装句。请大家注意第一个字读的是倒。那么倒装句英语当中有两种情况，我们就知道一下，一个叫做部分倒装，一个叫完全倒装。

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