幸福、定格
语法中被动语态是经常出现的考点,那么二者各有什么含义呢?大家一起来看看吧。
1.当主语是谓语动作的发出者时,我们称之为主动语态(主动句)。
We speak English.
我们讲英语。
(“讲”是主语“我们”发出的动作。)
He is writing a letter.
他下在写一封信。
(writing是主语He发出的动作。)
2. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者时,称之为被动语态(被动句):在中文里相当于“…被…”的句子。
Class 1 was defeated.
一班被打败了。
(主语Class 1是defeted的承受者)
A hare was killed.
一只野兔被打死了。
(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主语,但在意思上,A hare是killed的宾语,即等于:Someone killed a hare.)
3.大多数“主-动-宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。
(1)将原来的宾语变为主语,并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。
This factory produces machine tools.
→Machine tools are produced in this factory.
(2)如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词,在变为被动句时,助动词不变,随后的主动词变为被动态。
They should do this right now.
→ This should bedone right now.
(3)当主动句变被动句,如果要强调施动者,可将原句主语置于by- 词组中表达出来。
A boy found this wallet in the street.
→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.
(4)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-宾”结构时,可以有两种形式。
Father gave me a toy yesterday.
→I was given a toy yesterday.
→A toy was given to me yesterday.
被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。在英语中,如果想要避免用含混不清的词(如someone)做主语,也可以用被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
以上就是一些被动语态和主动语态的相关信息,供大家参考。

云飞扬了
被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(1)一般现在时的被动语态:am [is, are]+过去分词English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。(2) 一般过去时的被动语态:was [were]+过去分词He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。(3) 一般将来时的被动语态:will be+过去分词A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。(4) 现在完成时的被动语态:have [has]been+过去分词All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了吗?(5) 过去完成时的被动语态:had been+过去分词He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。(6) 现在进行时的被动语态:am [is, are] being+过去分词My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。(7) 过去进行时的被动语态:was [were] being+过去分词He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。(8) 过去将来时的被动语态:would be+过去分词He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。
珊珊来了
1:英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主动是动作的执行者,叫做主动语态;主语是动作的承受者,叫做被动语态。
Many people use computers. 许多人使用电脑。
Computers are used by many people. 电脑被许多人使用。
2:被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”(be + done)。Be有人称,数和时态的变化。一般现在时的被动语态结构:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。
3:一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化:
(1)肯定句:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。
如:Cars are made by them. 汽车是由他们制造的。
(2)否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词。
如:Cars are not made by them. 汽车不是由他们制造的。
(3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+not+主语+及物动词的过去分词?
如:Are cars made by them? 汽车是由他们制造的吗?
4:主动语态变成被动语态的三步曲:
(1)将主动结构的宾语变成被动结构的主语(宾语若为人称代词,宾格变成主格)。
(2)将主动结构的谓语动词变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”形式(注意人称,时态和数的变化)。
(3)在动词的过去分词之后加介词by,再将主动结构中的主语放在by之后(若为人称代词,主格变成宾格)。