嘻哈寶萊
Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium) The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004. In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. In depth The stadium's appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction made between the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008. The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens. Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the circulation of the entire area including the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof completely weatherproof, but the roof has been omitted from the design in 2004. While the rain was to be collected for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities -- restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms -- are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadium's sustainable design. The sliding roof was an integral part of the stadium structure. When it was to be closed, it would have converted the stadium into a covered arena; however, the sliding roof was eliminated in an effort to cut costs and increase overall safety of the radical new structure.
dp73242962
"Bird's nest" in the huge steel mesh Wai, covered with 9.1 million people in the stadium; sightseeing staircase naturally become an extension of the column disappeared, even force such as branches like no clear point, let a person feel every seat is equal, place oneself among them as back into the forest; the Sunlight filters into diffuse shaped inflatable membrane, made the stadium bid farewell to the sun shadow; the topographic uplift 4 meters. Inside the ancillary facilities, to avoid excavation the consumption of huge investment.“鸟巢”以巨大的钢网围合、覆盖着9.1万人的体育场；观光楼梯自然地成为结构的延伸；立柱消失了，均匀受力的网如树枝般没有明确的指向，让人感到每一个座位都是平等的，置身其中如同回到森林；把阳光滤成漫射状的充气膜，使体育场告别了日照阴影；整个地形隆起4米，内部作附属设施，避免了下挖土方所耗的巨大投资。The bird's nest is a large span curve structure, a large curved box structure, design and installation are very challenging, in the process of construction everywhere cannot do without the support of science and technology. The "bird's nest" with today's advanced construction technology, the whole project has twenty or thirty technical problems, the steel structure is the one and only the world. The "bird's nest" steel structure weighing 4.2 million tons, maximum span of 343 meters, and the structure is quite complex, the three dimensional twisted like fried dough twist processing, in after the construction of the settlement, deformation, loading and other problems are gradually resolved, related problems in construction technique is also listed as a key project of Ministry of science and technology.鸟巢是一个大跨度的曲线结构，有大量的曲线箱形结构，设计和安装均有很大挑战性，在施工过程中处处离不开科技支持。“鸟巢”采用了当今先进的建筑科技，全部工程共有二三十项技术难题，其中，钢结构是世界上独一无二的。“鸟巢”钢结构总重4.2万吨，最大跨度343米，而且结构相当复杂，其三维扭曲像麻花一样的加工，在建造后的沉降、变形、吊装等问题正在逐步解决，相关施工技术难题还被列为科技部重点攻关项目。
jessica-qn
楼主自己选择下,这个是关于鸟巢的英文介绍哦:BeijingNationalStadium(Bird'sNest/OlympicStadium)TheBeijingNationalStadium,alsoknownasthebird'snestwillbethemaintrackandfieldstadiumforthe2008SummerOlympicsandwillbehosttotheOpeningandClosingceremonies.In2002Governmentofficialsengagedarchitectsworldwideinadesigncompetition.PritzkerPrize-winningarchitectsHerzog&deMeuroncollaboratedwithArupSportandChinaArchitectureDesign&ResearchGrouptowinthecompetition.Thestadiumwillseatasmanyas100,000spectatorsduringtheOlympics,butthiswillbereducedto80,000afterthegames.IthasreplacedtheoriginalintendedvenueoftheGuangdongOlympicStadium.Thestadiumis330metreslongby220metreswide,andis69.2metrestall.The250,000squaremetre(grossfloorarea)stadiumistobebuiltwith36kmofunwrappedsteel,withacombinedweightof45,000tonnes.Thestadiumwillcostupto3.5billionyuan(422,873,850USD/325,395,593EUR).ThegroundwasbrokeninDecember2003,andconstructionstartedinMarch2004,butwashaltedbythehighconstructioncostinAugust2004.Inthenewdesign,theroofofthestadiumhadbeenomittedfromthedesign.Expertssaythatthiswillmakethestadiumsafer,whilstreducingconstructioncosts.TheconstructionoftheOlympicbuildingswillcontinueonceagaininthebeginningof2005.IndepthThestadium'sappearanceisoneofsynergy,withnodistinctionmadebetweenthefacadeandthesuperstructure.Thestructuralelementsmutuallysupporteachotherandconvergeintoagrid-likeformation-almostlikeabird'snestwithitsinterwoventwigs.Thespatialeffectofthestadiumisnovelandradical,yetsimpleandofanalmostarchaicimmediacy,thuscreatingauniquehistoricallandmarkfortheOlympicsof2008.Thestadiumwasconceivedasalargecollectivevessel,whichmakesadistinctiveandunmistakableimpressionbothfromadistanceandwhenseenfromupclose.ItmeetsallthefunctionalandtechnicalrequirementsofanOlympicNationalStadium,butwithoutcommunicatingtheinsistentsamenessoftechnocraticarchitecturedominatedbylargespansanddigitalscreens.Visitorswalkthroughthisformationandenterthespaciousambulatorythatrunsfullcirclearoundthestands.Fromthere,onecansurveythecirculationoftheentireareaincludingthestairsthataccessthethreetiersofthestands.Functioninglikeanarcadeoraconcourse,thelobbyisacoveredurbanspacewithrestaurantsandstoresthatinvitevisitorstostrollaround.Justasbirdsstuffthespacesbetweenthewoventwigsoftheirnestswithasoftfiller,thespacesinthestructureofthestadiumwillbefilledwithinflatedETFEcushions.Originally,ontheroof,thecushionsweretobemountedontheoutsideofthestructuretomaketheroofcompletelyweatherproof,buttheroofhasbeenomittedfromthedesignin2004.Whiletherainwastobecollectedforrainwaterrecuperation,thesunlightwastofilterthroughthetranslucentroof,providingthelawnwithessentialultravioletradiation.Onthefacade,theinflatedcushionswillbemountedontheinsideofthestructurewherenecessary,e.g.toprovidewindprotection.Sinceallofthefacilities--restaurants,suites,shopsandrestrooms--areallself-containedunits,itispossibletodolargelywithoutasolid,enclosedfacade.Thisallowsfornaturalventilationofthestadium,whichisthemostimportantaspectofthestadium'ssustainabledesign.Theslidingroofwasanintegralpartofthestadiumstructure.Whenitwastobeclosed,itwouldhaveconvertedthestadiumintoacoveredarena;however,theslidingroofwaseliminatedinanefforttocutcostsandincreaseoverallsafetyoftheradicalnewstructure.BeijingNationalStadiumBird'sNest/OlympicStadiumFacilitystatisticsLocationBeijingBrokegroundDec2003OpenedUnknownClosedN/ADemolishedN/AOwnerSurfaceGrassConstructioncost3.5billionyuanArchitectHerzog&deMeuronArupSportCAGTenantsSeatingcapacity91,000(80,000PostOlympics)
踏雪1230
这是鸟巢官网上的简介，看看合用不：Located at the southern part of the Olympic Green in Beijing, the National Stadium is the main stadium of the 29th Olympiad in 2008. Occupying an area of 21 hectares, it has a floor space of 258,000 square meters. Its seating capacity amounts to 91,000, including 11,000 temporary seats.The venue will host the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, the track and field competitions, and the football finals. After the Olympics, the stadium will become a large-scale sports and entertainment facility for the residents of Beijing -- an architectural landmark and Olympic legacy.The main body of the National Stadium has a design life of 100 years. Its fire resistance capability is first-rate, and it can withstand an eight-magnitude earthquake. The water-resistance capability of its underground project is also first-rate.The main body of the National Stadium is a colossal saddle-shaped elliptic steel structure weighing 42,000 tons. It is 333 meters long from north to south, 294 meters wide from east to west, and 69 meters tall.The main body's elements support each other and converge into a grid formation, just like a bird's nest with interlocking branches and twigs. Being a seven-story shear wall system, the stadium's stand has a concrete framework. The upper part of the stand and the stadium's steel structure are separated from each other, but both are based on a joint footing. The roof of the National Stadium is covered by a double-layer membrane structure, with a transparent ETFE membrane fixed on the upper part of the roofing structure and a translucent PTFE membrane fixed on its lower part. A PTFE acoustic ceiling is attached to the side walls of the inner ring.The construction of the National Stadium followed the PPP mode (Private + Public + Partnership ), and it is co-owned by the Beijing State-Owned Assets Management Co. Ltd (BSAM), who shares 58 percent of the total assets, and the China International Trust and Investment (CITIC) Consortium, who holds the rest of the assets.Composed of BSAM and CITIC, the National Stadium Co. is responsible for financing, construction, operation and management of the project. CITIC has a post-Games licensed operation right for 30 years.The National Stadium is a complex structure, posing great difficulties for its designers and constructors.1. Large and heavy steel partsThe fracture surface of the largest truss column -- the major load-bearing component of the roof structure -- measures 25m x 20m, with a height of 67m. The maximum weight of a single column is 500 tons. The main truss is 12m tall. The maximum span between and through the two columns amounts to 145.577+112.788m, and the maximum span between the two trusses stands at 102.39m. Each truss column is of great bulk and weight, and so are the main trusses.2. Complex nodal jointsBecause the structural elements in the project are box-typed, many elements intersect spatially among the steel parts. Besides, the complex nature of secondary structures has resulted in the diversity of nodal joints of the main structures, requiring accurate and sophisticated manufacturing and installation.3. Tight scheduleIn addition to the huge workload, the allotted construction period is short. Having started on December 24, 2003, the project is expected to be completed by the end of 2007, with the inauguration time scheduled for March 2008. Therefore many operations have to be conducted on a limited terrain, causing a very tense situation.4. The hoisting work extended across the winter and spring, so the workers have had to defy both rainy and cold conditions in the winter to continue their work.The workers have overcome tremendous engineering and technical challenges in the process of construction:1. Difficult work arrangementThey need to do very detailed research of operations and follow meticulous arrangements to complete various kinds of work within a limited workspace.2. Difficult hoisting of steel partsTo facilitate the assembly of the steel parts, the workers have to use a prone position to assemble the truss columns, which requires a turnover process before they are hoisted. The choice of the hoist points and lug hooks pose great difficulties in the face of bulky and cumbersome steel parts, and the change of pulling stress from three directions must be taken into consideration. The workers need to meticulously rectify angles and positions of the box-typed sectional parts to ensure accurate abutment during the hoisting process.3. Difficult stabilizing processThey also have to fight the heavy wind load and keep the stability of the steel parts by following a strict working order and use lateral stability measures including the use of anchoring method and wind-holding ropes.4. Difficult weldingThe welders not only face a huge work volume, but also have to work on both the thin steel sheets and thick steel slabs, on high-strength and cast steel elements, and take downward, vertical or overhead positions while welding. They face temperature changes, steel deformation and intensive labor. They need to work above ground, in winter rain and under windy conditions.5. Difficult installationThe workers face difficulties in ensuring accurate installation as the steel parts and the related gigs and fixtures can be deformed easily under their own dead weight and the change of temperatures. The workers must take pre-installation measures to rectify and relieve the errors that might occur in the process of installation.
城阳高升移门
这是我自己概括出来的（推荐）我自己也用了，老师表扬我。好心人,给点分把 The national stadium is situated on the Olympics park midcontinental region gentle land on slopes, the facility design is similar to a vessel, the high ground fluctuation, and has entrusted with the theatrical nature and has shocks the strength perfectly the physique, the national stadium image pure, outward appearance namely for construction structure.The structure module supported mutually, has formed the network shape skeleton, likely branch knitting bird nest. 中文:国家体育场坐落在奥林匹克公园中央区平缓的坡地上，场馆设计如同一个的容器，高地起伏变化的外观缓和了建筑的体量感，并赋予了戏剧性和具有震撼力的形体，国家体育场的形象完美纯净，外观即为建筑的结构，立面与结构达到了完美的统一。结构的组件相互支撑，形成了网络状的构架，它就像树枝编织的鸟巢。这是网上查的：Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium) The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004. In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. In depth The stadium's appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction made between the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008. The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens. Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the circulation of the entire area including the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof completely weatherproof, but the roof has been omitted from the design in 2004. While the rain was to be collected for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities -- restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms -- are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadium's sustainable design. The sliding roof was an integral part of the stadium structure. When it was to be closed, it would have converted the stadium into a covered arena; however, the sliding roof was eliminated in an effort to cut costs and increase overall safety of the radical new structure.
