卢浮宫三宝英文名

The Louvre, in its successive architectural metamorphoses, has dominated central Paris since the late 12th century. Built on the city's western edge, the original structure was gradually engulfed as the city grew. The dark fortress of the early days was transformed into the modernized dwelling of François I and, later, the sumptuous palace of the Sun King, Louis XIV. Here we explore the history of this extraordinary edifice and of the museum that has occupied it since 1793. The Louvre: A Rich Past, An Ambitious Future "Open to all since 1793": From the outset, the Louvre has embodied the concept of a truly "universal" institution. Universal in the scope of its collections, it is also universal in its appeal to some 6 million visitors every year: a 21st-century museum rooted in 200 years of innovation. The Mission of a Great Museum The principle responsibility of the Louvre is to conserve, protect, restore, and develop France's national art treasures, from the early royal collections to the most recent acquisitions. In carrying out this task, the museum’s scientific and academic staff displays steadfast commitment and universally recognized professionalism.The priceless artworks housed in the Louvre are held for the benefit of present and future generations. Hence the vital importance of the museum's mission to make these works available to the greatest number of people possible, from France and all over the world. To do this, it is our job to ensure that every visitor enjoys the best facilities possible. But it is also essential to promote cultural access: to do as much as we can to help each visitor to approach, understand, and enjoy the works they have come to see. With this in mind, we are committed to extend the range of information available at the Louvre in languages other than French, to further develop the museum's wide range of educational resources and activities, and to make our buildings and collections more easily accessible—in every sense—to people with disabilities and to new audiences. A National and International Presence The Musée du Louvre and its associated institutions (the Musée Eugène Delacroix and the Tuileries gardens) work hard to provide the best possible service for our visitors. We are also increasingly involved in efforts to encourage access for people who might feel—for whatever reason—that museums are "not for them."In France, the organization of traveling exhibitions and loans are central to this initiative. Another important project is the plan for a regional branch of the Louvre in the town of Lens, in the Nord-Pas de Calais region (scheduled for 2008). The museum's northern branch will feature innovative displays of works from the national collections, including its own semi-permanent collection, and an ambitious program of temporary exhibitions.The Louvre’s role as an international center for cultural heritage is, I believe, equally important. The museum loans works to over one hundred institutions worldwide every year. In addition, the Louvre has encouraged the creation of the American Friends of the Louvre and the Grand Louvre au Japon: two bodies working to support the museum and promote its activities to their respective publics. The Louvre has also formed innovative partnerships with “emerging” museums abroad, such as Atlanta's High Museum of Art in the United States. In the Middle East, we are actively involved in important archaeological excavations. A 21st-Century Museum The cut-off point for the Louvre's collection is 1848—a crucial year in French and world history—but the museum is by no means an institution of the past. Since 1989, when the Grand Louvre project doubled our gallery space, we have continued to forge ahead with new plans and ideas.We have developed an innovative and highly effective Web site, a veritable "virtual museum" to complement the palace building and its collections.We have extended a whole-hearted welcome to contemporary art, with temporary exhibitions, and a program of events and installations throughout the museum, facilitating the essential dialogue between the "Old Masters" and living artists.Finally, the Louvre continues to develop and refurbish new spaces, drawing on the latest concepts in architecture, museum design, and museum-based education. In particular, this involves the new Department of Islamic Art (scheduled to open in January 2009), the Cour du Sphinx, and the 18th-century collection of the Department of Decorative Arts. The museum is actively seeking sponsors to help realize these ambitious plans.To implement and carry forward its many projects, the Louvre has modernized its management structure and secured a contractual agreement with the French Ministry of Culture and Communication ensuring autonomous control of its human and financial resources, on the condition that it attains the objectives of a public institution.This is the multifaceted museum—vast, yet intimate and open to all—that I invite you to discover.

雕像馆: 雕像馆成立于1817年，共有展厅27个，展品1000多件，多为表现宗教题材的作品，部分为表现人体和动物的作品。在这里可以看到着色髹金的木刻《基督受难头像》、《十字架上的耶酥》、《圣母与天使》、意大利的雕塑《圣母与孩童》、17世纪的《童年时期的路易十四》，18世纪的名人像《伏尔泰》，19世纪的群塑《舞蹈》等。 珍宝馆: 珍宝馆原来是雕像馆的一部分，后来由于珍藏品增多，1893年便独立组成展馆。最初，珍宝馆的展品主要是大革命时从王室没收而来的珍宝。后来，博物馆组织人马到处收购，加之有人捐赠，展品便大大丰富，现在有展品6000多件。其中有重达137克拉的大钻石，有镶满宝石的王冠，还有镀金的圣母像、历代王朝王室的家具、装饰用具等。 建筑结构: 卢浮宫博物馆闻名天下，不仅仅在于她的展品之丰富、之珍贵，更在于博物馆本身便是一座杰出的艺术建筑。 据统计，卢浮宫博物馆包括庭院在内占地19公顷，自东向西横卧在塞纳河的右岸，两侧的长度均为690米，整个建筑壮丽雄伟。用来展示珍品的数百个宽敞的大厅富丽堂皇，大厅的四壁及顶部都有精美的壁画及精细的浮雕，处处都是呕心沥血的艺术结晶，让人叹为观止。参观这座艺术殿堂也够得上一次难以忘怀的美好享受。 在卢浮宫几百年的历史发展过程中，最初一直是比较分散的建筑群，并没有像今天这样形成一个整体。这种情况到1981年后得到了改变，1981年9月，弗朗索瓦·密特朗在当选为法兰西共和国总统后举行的一次记者招待会上许诺：“让卢浮宫恢复原来的用途”，这指的是让财政部搬出“黎塞留侧翼”。 “黎塞留侧翼”建于1852~1857年间，长195米，宽80米，是卢浮宫的一个组成部分，自1871年以来一直由财政部占据。1989年7月当时的财政部长爱德华·巴拉迪尔在再三请求下方才离开这赏心悦目的地方。 “黎塞留侧翼”的收回及开放，一下子使卢浮宫增加了2.15万平方米的展览面积、3个庭院和165个新展厅，共展出艺术品1.2万件，其中3000件是从存放室取出的，卢浮宫博物馆的展品由此大大增加。 “金字塔”: 密特朗总统对卢浮宫博物馆做出的另一贡献是邀请著名的美籍华裔建造师贝聿铭为博物馆设计新的入口处。贝聿铭先生经过深思熟虑，提出建造一个“金字塔”的方案。这座“金字塔”为卢浮宫博物馆，也为巴黎市增加了新的耀眼的光彩。有了这座“金字塔”，观众的参观线路显得更为合理。观众在这里可以直接去自己喜欢的展厅，而不必像过去那样去一个展厅而要穿过其他几个展厅，有时甚至要绕行七八百米。一个现代的博物馆，后勤服务设施一般占总面积的一半。过去卢浮宫博物馆只有20%的面积用于后勤。有了这座“金字塔”，博物馆便有了足够的服务空间，包括接待大厅、办公室、贮藏室以及售票处、邮局、小卖部、更衣室、休息室等，卢浮宫博物馆的服务功能因此而更加齐全。

卢浮宫藏品丰富，件件称得上是艺术珍宝，为历代帝王以及宫廷艺术家等所重视。这些藏品分门别类，由专门的部门管理。卢浮宫内还有许多藏品目录和小册子，向游人作介绍。随着藏品的增多，其“领地”也不断扩张…… Louvre The collections of the museum are administered by seven curatorial departments. The Department of Egyptian Antiquities was formed in 1826 to study and display the objects brought back to France during Napoleon's campaign in Egypt. The Department of Oriental Antiquities is famed for its collections of Mesopotamian and Islamic art. Other departments include Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities; Objets d'art (including the crown jewels of France); and Drawings and Prints. * administer：在这里是“掌管”、“料理”、“管理”的意思。 * curatorial：curatorial的原形是curator，意思是“博物馆、展览馆的馆主”。 * antiquity：“古人”、“古物”的意思。 The Department of Paintings, considered by many scholars the most important in the world, includes several thousand works of the various European schools. Its enormous collection of French paintings ranges from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. Since 1986, however, works of the French impressionists and postimpressionists, many dating from 1848 to 1914 and formerly housed in the Music du Jeu Paume (Tennis Court Museum) adjacent to the Louvre, have been included in the collection of the Music d'Orsay on the left bank of the Seine River. * impressionist：我们都知道impression有“印象”的意思，impressionnist由此引申而来，表示“印象派画家或作家”。 The museum publishes catalogs and brochures. In addition, it publishes the Revue de Louvre, which contains articles on new acquisitions and provides information on museum projects and on other French museums. * brochure：“小册子”、“印成小册子的论文”。卢浮宫本身是一个博物馆，里面有藏品目录以及介绍性的小册子，包括新近艺术品简介、museum projects（博物馆建设计划）和其它博物馆的信息 In 1993 the Richelieu Wing was opened by President Mitterrand of France. The north wing of the Louvre Palace, formerly occupied by the Ministry of Finance, was vacated and transformed into exhibition areas. This ended the second phase of a project in progress since 1981 that included the addition of the glass pyramid entrance designed by American architect I.M. Pei, an auditorium, galleries for temporary exhibitions, displays on the history of the Louvre, moats of the medieval Louvre, restaurants, shops, and parking facilities. * vacate：“空出”、“撤离”的意思。卢浮宫的北侧翼原本是由财政部使用的，后来腾出来变成了展览区。 * phase：“阶段”、“时期”的意思。