november1985
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
Dianayaoyao
Everybody is good!Today I will be the theme of the speech is "do not forget national humiliation, the revitalization of the Chinese".The Yellow River Yangtze river pentium thousands of miles, that is China! Has a long history in the ancient text, tang poetry from generation to generation, that is China! The beauty of the plateau, the vast basin of xinjiang, that is China!I ahead in China, I watched an eagle with wings, I watched the shining star! This is my mother, China.But, I think, the prosperity of the motherland, and from whatever tribulations after vicissitudes of life to come out of...The nanjing massacre, the earth's body, our heart is in pain; The ruins of yuanmingyuan, clouds of fire, our tears in the flow. But our country did not sink, brawny arms into cradle, and raise the roll up with generous hand Chinese alpine silk; With hard work, moistens the earth. MAO zedong, a generation of leaders to support the nation's flesh and blood; Deng xiaoping, guide disaster country moves towards magnificently. Qian xuesen, the power of the development of science; He, the hope of education development.The motherland growing, growing. Color of skin of the motherland to me, give me wisdom and courage of the motherland, with the wave of reform, and break through the old beam, a new powerful sunrise! Oriental giant, he stood up!When I see the motherland's noble and lofty, after I see China's flourishing and prosperity, when I see the neon lights flashing, day and night can is if the Milky Way...Look like a swift horse hardships of transcendence, day and night! Fireworks cangmang, thousand sails to compete sends, to win the motherland; Peaks prance, Mercedes, plain river always motherland. We will proud to shout out: "the great motherland, I love you!"This is a used new country; This is a devoted the motherland; This is an increasingly powerful motherland! "An inch of educational figure of patriotism, two lines of clear tears for festive".Fly, my motherland!My speech to this end, thank you!大家好!今天我要演讲的主题是《勿忘国耻，振兴中华》。黄河长江奔腾万里，那是中国!古老文字源远流长，唐诗宋词代代相传，那是中国!青藏美丽的高原，新疆辽阔的盆地，那是中国!我遥望神州大地，我遥望展翅雄鹰，我遥望那一颗闪耀的红星!这就是我的母亲——中国。但，我想，那个繁荣昌盛的祖国，也是从重重磨难中历经沧桑走出来的……南京大屠杀，遍地的尸体，我们的心在痛;圆明园的废墟上，团团烈火，我们的泪在流。但我们的祖国没有沉没，把粗壮的臂膀变成摇篮，抚养着炎黄子孙用宽厚的手掌挽起高山秀水;用辛勤的汗水滋润着大地。毛泽东，一代领袖支撑着民族的血肉;邓小平，指引多灾的祖国走向辉煌。钱学森，科学发展的动力;季羡林，教育发展的希望。祖国日渐强大，日渐辉煌。给我肤色的祖国，给我智慧与胆略的祖国，有改革的浪潮迭起，冲破旧的束搏，迎来新世纪磅礴的日出!东方巨人，他，站起来了!待我看祖国的崇高与巍峨，待我看祖国的繁荣与富强，待我看那霓虹灯日夜闪烁，灿若银河……千里马般日夜兼程的超越，看啊!烟花苍茫，千帆竞发，百舸争流的祖国;群峰腾跃，平原奔驰，长河扬鞭的祖国。我们要自豪地喊出:“伟大的祖国，我爱你!”这是个除旧迎新的祖国;这是个前赴后继的祖国;这是个日渐强大的祖国!“一寸丹心图报国，两行清泪为思亲”。飞翔吧，我的祖国!我的演讲到此结束，谢谢大家!
bluelights
Report on the Survey on the Condition of xx
We have just conducted a systematic survey on the condition of xx, and I am writing a report on what we have found.
The survey is based on a case study of mass samples. We took 100 typical xx into consideration, carried out a comparative study, and then arrived at the present conclusion. According to our findings, xx问题is prevalent among most of the subjects.
Some of them are aware of it, and take conscious efforts to solve it, while some others are totally unaware of the problem. What’s more, most of the samples need help to improve the status quo.
In the end, the survey is of academic value to some extent, and we expect more studies concerning the topic.
重点解析：
1、首段中“conducted a systematic survey”是“展开了系统的调研”；
2、 次段中“mass samples”为“大样本”
全文翻译：
关于xx状况的调研报告
我们刚刚做了一项关于xx的调查，现撰写报告总结成果。
此调研基于对很大样本的研究。我们选取了100个典型的xx，展开了对比分析，最终得出了现有的结论。根据我们的结果，xx问题广泛存在于样本当中。有些意识到了这一点，并有意识地努力解决它，而另一些则完全没有意识到这个问题。其次，大部分样本都需要帮助来改变现状。
最后，实验有一定的学术价值，我们期望见到更多人研究这个话题。
矮油没游
点拨：演讲稿是在一定的场合,面对一定的听众，演讲人围绕着主题讲话的文稿。在日新月异的现代社会中，很多地方都会使用到演讲稿Boys and girls/L adies and gentlemen,It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.(表示荣幸)My name is____ .( 自我介绍)The topic of my speech is____ ( 提出演讲主题)To begin with,many people suggest that____ ( 话题或现象列举)Secondly,___ . Thirdly, ____ .What I want to stress is that____ .(重 申主题)Forone thing, ____. For another,__Besides,____. (原 因或重要性列举)In a word,_.(总结)Thank you for your listening/ Thank you.范文：Ladies and gentlemen, I’m very glad to make a speech here. today my topic is “I love you, China.”Since the day I was born, I began to have a proud name—Chinese. Since the day I began to talk, the most beautiful sentence I’ve ever learnt has been “i love you,China!”I love you, China, and i’m so proud of being a Chinese. I’m proud that I’ve got the beautiful yellow skin, black eyes and black hair. I’m also proud that I speak the most beautiful language in the world—Chinese.翻译：女士们，先生们，我很高兴在这里发表演讲。今天我演讲的题目是“我爱你，中国”。从我出生的那天起我就有了一个骄傲的名字——中国人。自从我开始说话的那一天起，我学到的最美的句子就是“我爱你，中国！”我爱你，中国，我为自己是一个中国人而骄傲。我很自豪我有美丽的黄皮肤，黑眼睛和黑头发。我也很自豪，因为我会说世界上最美的语言——汉语。
