拿破仑的性格英文

Napoleon Hill (October 26, 1883-November 8, 1970) was an American author who was one of the earliest producers of the modern genre of personal-success literature. His most famous work, Think and Grow Rich, is one of the best-selling books of all time. According to his official biographer, Hill was born into poverty in a two-room cabin in the town of Pound in rural Wise County, Virginia. His mother died when he was ten years old. His father remarried two years later. At the age of thirteen he began writing as a "mountain reporter" for small-town newspapers. He used his earnings as a reporter to enter law school, but soon had to withdraw for financial reasons. The turning point in his career is considered to have been in 1908 with his assignment, as part of a series of biographies of famous men, to interview industrialist Andrew Carnegie, who at the time was one of the richest men in the world. Hill discovered that Carnegie believed that the process of success could be elaborated in a simple formula that could be duplicated by the average person. Impressed with Hill, Carnegie commissioned him (without pay and only offering to provide him with letters of reference) to interview over 500 successful men and women, many of them millionaires, in order to discover and publish this formula for success. As part of his research, Hill interviewed many of the most famous people of the time, including Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Eastman, Henry Ford, Elmer Gates, John D. Rockefeller, Charles M. Schwab, F.W. Woolworth, William Wrigley Jr., John Wanamaker, William Jennings Bryan, Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Woodrow Wilson, and Jennings Randolph. The project lasted over twenty years, during which Hill became an advisor to Carnegie. The formula for rags-to-riches success that Hill and Carnegie formulated was published initially in 1928 in his book The Law of Success. The formula was later published in home-study courses, including the seventeen-volume "Mental Dynamite" series until 1941. From 1919 to 1920 Hill was the editor and publisher of Hill's Golden Rule magazine. In 1930 he published The Ladder to Success. From 1933 to 1936 Hill was an advisor to President Franklin Roosevelt. In 1937 Hill elaborated this success formula in his most famous work, Think and Grow Rich, which is still in print and has sold over thirty million copies. In 1939 he published How to Sell Your Way through Life, and in 1953 How to Raise Your Own Salary. From 1952 to 1962 he worked with W. Clement Stone of the Combined Insurance Company of America to teach Stone's "Philosophy of Personal Achievement", and to lecture on the "Science of Success". Partly as a result of his work with Stone, in 1960 he published Success Through a Positive Mental Attitude. He died in 1970 in South Carolina, and in 1971 his final work, You Can Work Your Own Miracles, was published posthumously. The success formula is a concept that Napoleon studied extensively. Carnegie told Hill that the formula for success was so powerful, that if learning how to apply it was taught to students, the time they needed to spend in formal schooling could be cut in half. This formula, Carnegie repeated, was used by all the leading businessmen and inventors of the late 19th and early 20th century. Carnegie asked Hill to go out and confirm the application of the formula by the 500 richest Americans (and others). The formula can be summed up as "Whatever you give will come back to you", a common concept many businesses use today. Hill gave many examples in his book of the formula being used, in one case in the creation of the Unites States Steel Corporation which yielded a sum of $600,000,000 of new wealth in the early 1900's. With only a third grade education, Carnegie became the most unbelievably rich man the world has ever seen. Carnegie was, by some estimates, 100 times richer than Bill Gates (as a percentage of GNP of the United States economy at the time). Hill stated often in his book that "Whatever price you ask of life, life is willing to pay". Hill and Carnegie spent a great deal of time in Hill's monumental work Think and Grow Rich discussing the life of inventor Thomas Edison. It was stated in the book that the great inventor personally put his stamp of approval on use of the success formula as being necessary for the attainment of all achievement, including riches. Attempts to describe the Carnegie formula fill the literature and history of our world. "Give and ye shall receive" is one early example. "It is better to give than to receive" is another. Master Mind Hill is also credited with coining the phrase 'Master Mind' (more commonly, Mastermind). The 'Master Mind' may be defined as: "coordination of knowledge and effort in a spirit of harmony, between two or more people, for the attainment of a definite purpose." In Think and Grow Rich, Hill discusses his creation of Master Mind groups and how these groups could multiply an individual's brain power and continually motivate positive emotions

Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon Bonaparte, August 15, 1769 May 5th 1821 years), the French First Republic's first administration (1799-1804), the French First Empire and the hundred days of the Emperor (1804 -18141815), the famous French Republic in the modern history of military strategist, statesman, have occupied most of the territory of western and central Europe, the French bourgeois revolution thought to be a more wide spread, in period is the pride of the French people, until now it has been admired and respected by the people of france.拿破仑·波拿巴（Napoleon Bonaparte,1769年8月15日－1821年5月5日），法兰西第一共和国第一执政（1799-1804），法兰西第一帝国及百日王朝的皇帝（1804 -1814，1815）、法兰西共和国近代史上著名的军事家、政治家，曾经占领过西欧和中欧的大部分领土，使法国资产阶级革命的思想得到了更为广阔的传播，在位前期是法国人民的骄傲，直至今日一直受到法国人民的尊敬与爱戴。

拿破仑是名人呢！不过，我的英语只有2级，读不太懂。

拿破仑，十九世纪法国伟大的军事家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。历任法兰西第一共和国第一执政，法兰西第一帝国皇帝。下面是我给大家整理的拿破仑的英文简介，供大家参阅!

Napoléon Bonaparte / Italian: Napoleone Buonaparte, August 15, 1769 - May 5, 1821), Napoléon I, born in Corsica, nineteenth century France's great military strategist, politician, founder of the first empire of France. Served as the first ruling of the first republic of France (1799-1984), the first emperor of France (1804 - 1815).

Napoleon on November 6, 1804 crowned emperor, the Republic into the empire. During the reign of the "French emperor", is also the history of Charles III after the second to enjoy the name of the French emperor.

He has enacted the "Napoleonic Code", which has perfected the world legal system and laid the social order of the Western capitalist countries. Foreign forces led by the United States, the United States, Russia and other countries of the anti-French alliance, to win more than 50 field of large-scale campaign, a heavy blow to the European countries feudal system, to defend the results of the French Revolution. During his reign in France, he extended to the Napoleonic Wars, became the Protector of the King of Italy, the Protector of the Rhine Confederation, the Swiss Federal Arbitrator, the French Empire Colonial (including the French colonies, the Dutch colonies, the Spanish colonies, etc.). In the most glorious period, Europe, except the United Kingdom, the rest of the country to Napoleon surrender or alliance. Formed a huge Napoleonic empire system, creating a series of military and political miracles and short glorious achievements.

Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and then exiled to Elba Island. After the establishment of the 100th dynasty in 1815 again after the defeat of Waterloo was exiled. May 5, 1821, Napoleon died in St. Helena Island. In 1840, his coffin was greeted in Paris, France, a grand buried in the French banks of the Seine River in Paris (the old hospital in Paris disabled).

political

Launched a coup, seized power, achieved a centralized monarchy, developed capitalism, protected the bourgeoisie.

Napoleon was a well-deserved bourgeois revolutionist. He repeatedly repulsed anti-French coalition invasion and repression of reactionary rebellions at home and abroad, protected the results of the French Revolution, overthrew the old autocratic regime.

Napoleon defended the results of the French Revolution during the Great Revolution and protected the vested interests of the bourgeois revolution in the French republic. Making the 1815 French monarch despotic finally restored when the people were opposed. Napoleon's ruling measures not only had a far-reaching impact in France, but also affected his conquest. Napoleon through the campaign, the French bourgeois revolution victory fruit spread to varying degrees to the French wherever he went. The social impact of the French bourgeois revolution has become an overwhelming force in the developing countries of Western capitalism. Napoleon made an important contribution in laying the bourgeois political system and promoting the development of capitalism. Napoleon's dominance is a concentrated expression of the French bourgeois nature, and his domestic and foreign policies represent the interests of the bourgeoisie and protect the capitalist economic base.

Napoleon also has a huge indirect impact on the history of Latin America. His invasion of Spain weakened the strength of the local government, so that it will not control its colonies in Latin America in the next few years. Based on the current actual period of autonomy, the independent movement of Latin America began.

In addition, Napoleon was the first to put forward the idea of the United States of Europa, and tried to achieve through the force of people. Although he did not succeed in achieving this dream, but the twenty-first century, Europe is moving towards the goal of integration.

Economy

1. Economic liberalism and state intervention

The liberalization of agriculture and trade (in the late imperial intervention in the state), the government can take a series of measures as needed. Set up a series of economic associations to guide the supervision of economic activities. 1801 set up the "National Economic Association", 1803 set up manufacturing associations, set up in 1810 "factory workshop management committee", set up in 1811 Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Restoration of industrial exhibitions to encourage the development of animal husbandry, breeding horses, cattle and other livestock, to encourage the cultivation of potatoes, beets, cotton.

The economy becomes a political subsidiary, and all economic activities are subject to political needs.

2. Establish a bank to rectify the financial system

In 1998, fiscal reform was carried out to raise taxes such as land tax and real estate tax. In 1800 founded the French bank, unified currency, to encourage the development of capitalist industry and commerce. This series of initiatives is conducive to the stability of the military and the development of capitalism.

3. Tariff Protection and "Mainland Economic Blockade" Policy

Napoleon's "continental economic blockade" policy was detrimental to the subsequent development of the European continent, but when capitalism was taking root in Western countries, the continental economic blockade protected the early development of capitalism. Napoleon is the representative of the French big bourgeoisie, he used the "mainland economic blockade" policy to protect the French bourgeoisie dominance.

4. Industrial Rise and Reward Policy

At the beginning of the 19th century, France opened the prelude to the industrial revolution. Napoleon has always been the attitude of the industrial revolution. At that time the French cotton textile industry was the rise of the purchase of a large number of British Jenny machine, production increased by four times.

Law

In 1804 promulgated the "Napoleonic Code" (the "Civil Code"), issued in 1807, "Commercial Code", issued in 1810, "Criminal Code", these statutes became the modern capitalist legal system of legal norms.

"Napoleon Code" was originally known as the "Civil Code of the Republic of France", is a typical bourgeois civil code, divided into three, 35 chapters, 2281, the Code was introduced in 1804, most of the terms Napoleon personally involved in the discussion, , Napoleon had attended more than 90 times at the 100 meetings of the Civil Code, and the Napoleonic Code was no longer simply a legal work, but a distinctive era and political color , Because of Napoleon made outstanding contributions, "French Civil Code" is also known as "Napoleon Code".

"Napoleon Code" includes criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil law, civil procedure law, constitution, commercial law, the establishment of a relatively complete legal system, constitute the Napoleonic era and even for a long time in the French six law system. The enactment of these statutes has greatly contributed to the legal norms of French legal society at that time and for a long time to come. "Napoleon Code" also includes property rights, claims, marriage, inheritance, and many people still use the concept of civil law, is the first to the basic principles, the essence of integrity to modern civil society.

"Napoleon Code", in the law to protect the newly established small land tenure. Which ensured the sacred inviolability of the ownership of private property, established the commodity trade and the order of value under the market economy, and further disseminated the fruits of the French bourgeois revolution and maintained the basic human rights of the French ordinary people. It is because of this, many people think that "Napoleon Code" is an important symbol and product of the end of the French revolution, the basic human rights in the Declaration of Human Rights on property rights and reputation.

The Napoleonic Code was practiced in the territory occupied by the Napoleonic Army, so it was widely circulated in history, and all the laws of the European capitalist countries almost all borrowed the code, which regulated the social order of the Western capitalist countries, The interests of the bourgeoisie, embodies the principles of the French Revolution, the essence,

When Napoleon was defeated and exiled to St. Helena, he said, "I am truly glorious, not the forty victories (more than fifty times), and the Waterloo war has wiped out all about it All the memory, but one thing is not forgotten by people, it will be immortal - that is my "French Civil Code."

Science and education

During the First Empire of France, the retention of the national education system was established, the establishment of public schools and the University of France to cultivate talents to encourage the rise of scientific research and technology education.

In December 1797, from the Italian triumph of Napoleon was awarded the title of the Academy of France academician. Napoleon expedition to Egypt also set up the Egyptian Academy of Sciences, the appointment of dean as dean, since the vice president, and often the Academy of Sciences gathered to discuss the issue. The expedition opened the scientific research of ancient Egyptian civilization, many precious cultural relics, minerals and flora and fauna were shipped to France, the famous Rosetta stone is found in the expedition.

Napoleon is extremely concerned about the cause of science and culture. After taking office, he regularly attended the meeting of the Institute, invited the academicians to report on scientific progress, many awards awarded to scientists, including Volt, David and other foreign scientists. In the early days of his administration, he divided the two sides into the foundation and application of the Polytechnic, Artillery, Road and Bridge and other colleges and universities (the "university"). Paris Polytechnic was originally born in the Republican system, Napoleon coronation of the emperor, in the second day of the parade, will be embroidered with "for the motherland, science and honor," a few words of the banners, personally awarded to participate in the review of the Polytechnic Of the students, thus winning their loyalty. Napoleon each time set off, have graduates of Polytechnic to follow. In the first empire of France, Polytechnic graduates, and later became the French Academy of Sciences on the 16 people.

Napoleon's concern for the cause of science and culture has contributed to the prosperity of the French science. It can be said that the Napoleonic era was one of the most abundant scientific achievements in French history. Laplacas, Lagrangian, Mongolian, Sadi Carnot, Fourier, Gay Lusack, Lamarck, Juwei leaves a large number of dazzling scientific stars.

Napoleon reorganized the institute, making it the official representative of the French culture and serving the national interest. In the light of the blueprint drawn by enlightenment thinkers, the Institute since the French Revolution was under the national education system, while Napoleon laid the national education system that continued the centralized management so far. Among them, the university is to monitor the entire education system and the establishment of the central authorities have absolute control. The head of state directly appointed director, director of the university district, by the school district governor management, supervision of the city's universities and primary and secondary schools. Teachers become part of the national bureaucracy, thus realizing the state's monopoly on education.

In 1808, Napoleon ordered the restoration of higher normal schools to become a model school dedicated to the development of national secondary school teachers. The education of vocational and specialized schools trained well-trained staff for the army and government. Centralized science and education system to a certain extent, to promote scientific prosperity, but scientific results can only be fully applied to the whole society in order to truly realize the country's strong.

Hugo: failed to turn the losers become more noble, down the Bonaparte seems to be even higher than the Napoleon even higher. Napoleon is the war of Michelangelo. He is the master of the reconstruction of the ruins of the master, is Charlie the Great, Louis XI, Henry IV, Richelieu, Louis XIV, the successor of the Public Security Committee, he certainly has a blemish, there is no doubt, even evil, that he Is a man; but he is still solemn in the negligence, in the stain is still excellent, in the evil is still a male only.

Stern: No one in this world can be compared with him, Napoleon is to prove to the world: after a few centuries, Caesar and Alexander finally succeeded.

Goethe: In my opinion, Napoleon's fairy tale is like "John Revelation", and everyone feels that there is something hidden, but will not know what it is.

On the day when Napoleon failed in Leipzig, Goeton wrote a classic poem for Napoleon for hundreds of years: "Heroes are lofty in their hearts, and they set sail toward the throne."

Hegel: the balance of the world is because there is the existence of God, the reason why the balance of the European scales, because there Napoleon, Napoleon is the presence of God.

Marx: Napoleon has learned the true nature of the modern state; he has understood that the unimpeded development of the bourgeois regime and the free movement of private interests are the basic manifestations of these countries, he decided to recognize and protect this foundation.

Engels: bring his code to the country he conquered, and this code is much better than the previous code, and it recognizes equality in principle.

Churchill: No one in the world is greater than Napoleon.

Roman Roland: short, pale, seemingly dark at the end of the eye, a thick black hair. Often wearing a floating black robe, with a thick belt tied, like pilgrims like. Not trendy, nor to comply with the narrow rules of society. Sitting in a chair uncomfortable, but often cross-legged on the stool, or perched in the windowsill; sometimes lively and laughing, sometimes sank in hesitation. In short, a big dreamer living in a dream.

Lenin: The war of the French Revolution was at first the war of liberation, and indeed it needed such a war. These wars were inherently revolutionary, protecting the great revolutionary movement against the rebel monarchy. When Napoleon established the Napoleonic Empire, enslaved many of Europe's long-established, viable nation, the state, the French nationalist war became the imperial capitalist war, and this aggression and expansion of the war has become opposed Napoleonic Empire system of self-defense fight back.

Liddell Hart: Three decades have passed, and a "great war" prelude began to open. Napoleon Bonaparte's genius made the war shine. As in the last century, France posed a serious threat to the rest of Europe, making these countries united against it. However, the development of this war is different from the past. After the revolution in France there were many sympathizers, but they were neither national authorities nor national ones. When France began to war alone, it was forced to be isolated from other nations, as if it were an infectious disease. However, France not only defeated the kind of joint forces that wanted to put it to death, but also formed a serious military threat to other European countries after the revolution, and eventually became the master of a large part of Europe.

Zhou Enlai: the hero of the times, if it is also its public, but not my theory in Xiang Yu, Napoleon also. Husband two of the world's strange geek also. With the annexation of eight heart of the heart, all-powerful wind; Yong crown million husband, wisdom extraordinary vulgar; invincible, attack all take; enemy of the smell of the shock, women and children thinking and chic; under the century, still 懔 懔There is anger, not just I of the male Kazuya! If the relationship between the advance and retreat of the world, the rise and fall of mankind, not a moment Haojun, two or three scholars can be the same day. Although the emperor's respect, the power of religion, the trend of money, easy to easy. So the second of those who, my so-called heroes of the times also made. A person should develop the habit of relying on their own, even in the most critical time, but also to believe their courage and perseverance.

George Lefebvre (French bourgeois historian): Napoleon gave it a whole set of administrative institutions when the new nation after the French Revolution had not yet been finalized, which was clearly a masterpiece of the master. The French Revolution in 1789 had forced the bourgeoisie to gain power, but then the democratic forces of the fight against them, under the protection of the emperor, the upstart was able to keep the regime, to proliferate its wealth and expand its power; The threat of the poor, they are prepared to own the stage to rule, and to restore liberalism. In Europe, the spread of France, the influence of Britain, the development of capitalism, and the consequent growth of the bourgeoisie, all lead to the same consequences, Napoleon shook the old system of European countries, and modern European countries The principles of the new order extended to other parts of Europe, greatly accelerating the process of this evolution. The vigorous development of the culture, the declaration of the people's sovereignty, the spread of romanticism and so all indicate the awakening of nationalism, Napoleon's territorial adjustment and various reforms to promote this awakening. ... Napoleon's personal influence is precious, but only to follow the historical trend of promoting the process of European civilization, his influence can play a role.

Zhang Zhilian (Chinese historian): Napoleon's bourgeois regime to achieve the war, emperor, interests, can not overthrow the results, the Code, the revolutionary anti-feudal significance.