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嘟嘟的Daddy

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habit,practice,custom,convention,usage,use,wont,habitude; 这些名词都表示由于不断的重复而形成的行为方式.一般含义为“习惯”. △ habit:Habit applies to a way of acting so ingrained in an individual that it is done without conscious thought; 用来指一个人根深蒂固的一种行为方式,它如此地根深蒂固,以致于人们不用有意识地去想就能完成这个动作. 1.That proved to be my undoing,for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.这证明是我的失败,因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了. 2.trying to break the *** oking habit; 试图戒掉烟瘾; 3.He has a habit of closing his eyes when he tells a story.他在讲故事的时候习惯于把眼晴闭上. 4.“Habit rules the unreflecting herd” (William Wordsworth).“习惯驱使着没有思想的羊群” (威廉.华滋华斯). △ practice:Practice denotes a customary,often chosen pattern of individual or group behavior; 指一种个体或群体的常规的,选择采取的行为方式:既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”,这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法. 1.On the other hand,your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.在另一方面,一想到用动物油炸马铃薯,你便会作呕.然而在许多北欧国家里,这是为大家接受的通常习惯. 2.She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out.她慢慢地走进厅堂,并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的.但是按照她自己的一般习惯,她在外出前总是把门全部关好的. 3.It is our practice to eat an early dinner.我们习惯于很早就吃晚饭. 4.You will find it a very good practice always to verify your references,sir.(Martin Joseph Routh).先生,你会发现经常核对你的参考材料是一个很有益的习惯.(马丁.约瑟夫.劳斯) △ custom:Custom is either individual or group behavior as established by long practice and especially by accepted conventions;是指由于长时间的实践;尤其是公认传统确立的个人或群体的一种行为方式.具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义,此外,custom 还包含这样一层意思:长期而广泛采用的行为或方法,即风俗习惯,按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范,它不仅有指导意义,而且具有必须遵循的意义. 1.Don’t be a slave to custom.不要作风俗习惯的奴隶. 2.From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior.一个人从诞生的那一时刻起,他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型. 3.No written law has ever been more binding than unwritten custom supported by popular opinion.(Carrie Chapman Catt).没有一条成文法令比受民意支持的未成文的习惯更有约束力.(卡利.查普曼.卡特) △ convention 其实是以上3个词的近义词,它的含义为:固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法. 1.They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.他们不顾社会习俗,并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事. 2.By convention,north is at the top of most maps.依照惯例,北方位于大多数地图的顶端. 3.break away from convention 打破常规[惯例]. △ usage:refers to customary practice that has bee an accepted standard for a group and thus regulates individual behavior; 是一种已成为被公众接受的群体行为准则,而能约束个人行为的习惯性作法. 1.laws ....corrected,altered,and amended by acts of parliament and mon usage.(William Blackstone).法律…通过议会的决议和普通接受的习俗而被更正、修改和修补.(威廉.布莱克斯通) 2.according to usage 依照惯例; by usage 习惯上 △ use & wont:They are terms for the customary and distinctive practice of an individual or a group; 他们是描述个人或群体习惯性的独特行为的用语. 1.Once a use,forever a custom.习惯成自然. 2.Situations where the use and wont of their fathers no longer meet their necessities.(J.A.Froude).他们父辈的习惯性作法无法解决他们的困难情况.(J.A.弗劳德) △ habitude:Habitude refers to an individual's habitual disposition to behave in a certain way rather than to a specific act;指个人以某种方式行事的习惯性倾向而不是指某一个具体的行为. 1.His real habitude gave life and grace/to appertainings and to ornament.(Shakespeare).他的习惯是增添生机和光彩/对那些附属物和装饰物.(莎士比亚)

近义词辨析英语

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吃逛吃逛2333

1、以较常见的词组为例:

too many、too much和much too有什么区别呢?

这个对于绝大部分来说,不是什么难事,查一下近义词辨析词典,或者网上查一下,就可以知道其答案。分别是修饰可数名词的复数、修饰不可数名词、修饰形容词或副词:

1)too many意为"太多",用于修饰可数名词的复数。例如:

There are too many students in our class.

我们班上有太多的学生。

2)too much意为"太多",用于修饰不可数名词。例如:

We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。

3)much too表示"太",用来修饰形容词或副词。例如:

The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.

箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。

2、较常见的beautiful, pretty,good-looking, handsome有什么区别?

1) beautiful 表示“美”,可用于人或事物。用于人时,通常只用于形容女性或小孩,一般不用于男性。它表示的“美”主要指能“给感官以极大的快乐(giving great pleasure to the senses)”,它侧重从客观上表明一种接近理想状态的美,语气很强。例如:

It’sa beautiful village.

那是个美丽的村庄。

She is a beautiful girl.

她是个美丽的女孩。

2)pretty 主要表示“漂亮”、“俊俏”、“标致”等义,可用于人(主要是女性和小孩)或事物,语气比beautiful 弱。它往往侧重从主观上评述某人或某物,含有“可爱”或“讨人喜欢”之意。例如:

What a pretty dress!

多漂亮的连衣裙啊!

She is not really beautiful, but she looks pretty when she smiles.

她其实长得并不美,但笑起来很好看。

注:偶尔用于男性,但通常带有贬义。

3)good-looking 意为“好看的”,主要用于人(男人、女人或小孩),不常用于事物。例如:

He (She) is good-looking.

他(她)长得很帅(漂亮)。

有时用于事物,但不多见。例如:

He has a good-looking car (horse).

他有一辆(匹)好看的汽车(马)。

4)handsome 意为“英俊的”,主要用于男性,但有时也用于女性(一般只用于成年女性,不用于少女),意为“体态健美的”、“端庄稳重的”。例如:

He is a handsome young man.

他是一个英俊的年轻人。

Do you discribe her as beautiful or handsome?

你是说她貌美还是说她健美?

有时可用于事物,但不多见。例如:

It’s a handsome building.

那是栋漂亮的建筑。

连续举了一个较常见的例子,相信大家都能辨析这些近义词,下面举些大家不太常见的例子,以及我们是如何解决的?

3、也就是这里重点要提的英语近义词辨析方法有哪些?

discuss、debate与argue有什么区别?下面这两个句子有没有问题?

① We are discussing in the classroom.

我们正在教室里讨论。

② We are debating in the classroom.

我们正在教室里讨论。

③ We are arguing in the classroom.

我们正在教室里讨论。

这3句话对吗? 我们先讨论这个问题。

discuss、debate是及物动词,谓语后面必须加宾语,所以英语句子,不正确。查阅英英词典,解释如下:

来自《柯林斯英英词典》:

discuss

If you discuss something with someone, you talk to them seriouslyabout it.

She could not discuss his school work with him.

They discussed where Gertrude and Anne should go.

We discussed whether George should go with Chris.

Note that discuss is always followed by a direct object, a`wh'-clause, or a `whether'-clause. You cannot say, for example, `I discussed with him' or `They discussed'.

注意:discuss总是直接宾语,一个 ‘wh’ 从句,或者一个’whether’从句。但是,不可以说,比如:”I discussed with him(我和你讨论,这个句子在中文里是没有问题的。)”或者“They discussed(他们讨论,这个句子在中文里也是没有问题的。)”

我们通过《韦氏大学词典》还查到三个词的近义词辨析(图片底部):

有哪些英语近义词辨析方法

discuss,argue, debate意思是to discourse about in order to reach conclusions or to convince.

discuss 表示a sifting of possibilities especially by presenting considerations pro and con

discussedthe need for a new highway.

agrue表示the offering of reasons or evidence in support of convictions already held

argued that the project would be too costly.

debate表示formal or public argument between opposing partie

debated the merits of the amendment.

it may also apply to deliberation with oneself

I’mdebating whether I should go.

但是,但是......为什么第三句“③We are arguingin the classroom.我们正在教室里讨论。”又是对的呢?

我们查了《韦氏大学词典》如下:

argue: to speak angrily to someone becauseyou disagree with them about something:

Those two are always arguing. (argue在这里作不及物动词)

We rarely argue with each other. (argue在这里作不及物动词)

大家应该都明白了吧!我们应该学会使用英英词典啊!

当然,还有许多英语近义词,当你无法用中文解释清楚时,就搬出英英词典来吧。如果你想学会英语,用好英语,那么别磨蹭了,开始用英语思维来解释我们的世界吧。

4、总结:关于英语近义词辨析方法,我们极可能用到的方法有:一是查阅现有的中文解释英语近义词辨析的教材、词典;二是利用互联网以及大数据技术,查阅那些英语近义词;三是利用所有英语句子,来辨析近义词,当然,这也可以利用大数据技术;四是利用英英词典,来辨析近义词。当然,还有其他一些方法……

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