初中英语词汇评价

1. clothes, cloth, clothing①clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词用复数, a suit of clothes指一套衣服。可以说many clothes, these clothes,不说an article of clothes. ②cloth 用来指“织物”时，为不可数名词。指“布块”时，是可数的，但注意它的复数形式是cloths,如：Wipe the surface with a damp cloth. ③clothing服装的总称，总是单数形式。指一件衣服用a piece of / an article of clothing. 2. incident, accident, eventincident一般是经过策划，有蓄谋的事件,如西安事变（站在老蒋的立场，这字太合适了）还有如border incident,也可以指小事,如偶遇什么人；accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident；event指较大的事，如你考取大学，对你是个event(尽管对别人无所谓); 历史上的大事件，也多用event.3. deal,amount, numberamount / deal及其组合量词词组后接不可数名词，number及其组合后接可数名词a number of students，注意：Large amount of water was sent to the small village.Large amounts of water were sent to the small village.4. family, house, homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound凡你听得到的声音就是它。voice人的嗓音。noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawing, paintingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片Let's go and see a good picture ；drawing画的画，主要是线条形的，如工程图；painting 指（如油彩类）绘画7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词总量，word具体的单词：He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数China has a large population.；people具体的人,民族The Chinese are a great people. What’s the population of your country?How large is the population of your country.9. weather, climateweather具体的天气状况，climate气候状况The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路。street街道。path小路，小径。way道路，做事情的“做法” // take this road；in the street；show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程（课程表中的所有subject），subject科目（具体的学科）Math is her best subject12. custom, habit①custom [c/u] 即有时指“一种”风俗、习俗而有时指风俗的“统称”。the custom of doing sth.如the custom of kissing under mistletoe；但它也可指个人的生活习惯，不过往往侧重指一种有规律的行为，而并非一个人那种无意识的“习惯”On Wednesday evening, as was his custom, he went down to the village. ②habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasonthe cause(s) of =... 的原因； the cause f =... 的理由；The cause of the explosion has not been explained.You have no cause for complaint. (= to complain.)汶川地震的（原因V）(理由X) 是什么呢？ What is the cause of the Wenchuan earthquake? reason(s)for sth./doing sth.(做)...的理由the reason for being late Could you explain your reasons for choosing this particular course?for reasons of... 由于...的原因，出于什么的考虑14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数）。exercises作业,但做体操也是: gymnastic exercises体操，spelling exercises拼写练习。practice（遵循某理论或教导而做，有时是反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect的15. class, lesson作"课"解时,两者大致可以替换a mathematics class/lesson；a class/lesson in mathematics都可以说.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class。如lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，但国际性的、围绕某问题举行的会谈也用talk,如六方会谈six-party talk；lecture学术性的演讲，讲课a lecture on Dickens 17. officer, officialofficer 单独用指陆海空军官，警官；official主要指政府官员an army officer/ a government official18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job / out of a job/ out of jobs/ out of work19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers。夫妇多用couple(也可用pair)；合作伙伴多用pair /a couple of 几个20. country, nation, state, land①country侧重指版图，疆域；②nation指人民，国民，民族；③state侧重指政府，政体；④land国土，国家（有点诗意）The whole nation was sad at the earthquake of Wenchuan.21. cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词,损害，损失; damages复数形式,赔偿金$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, question，issueproblem常和困难（故障）联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise。question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用。problem with the machine不太用of. / issure 实际= 事务 ||environmental problem / issue意思不一样25. man, a manman人类，a man一个男人Man will conquer nature.man与mankind前都不用the26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious. Do you like dogs / dog? (喜欢狗/狗肉？)27. telegram, telegraphShall I______（打电话）or telephone? telegram多作可数名词用，如：He received a telegram saying that his mother had died.而telegraph既能作名词又能作动词用，本题选telegraph。28. travel, trip, tour, journey, voyagetravel总称。trip注重办事，后接to如a business trip to Shanghai；tour注重游玩，后接of。journey指稍长的旅途。voyage指乘船的航行，如space voyage. 29. sport, game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等His favorite sport is swimming；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则30. price, prize，award, rewardprice价格The price is high/low.；prize（竞赛类）的奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize；award经评委选出的奖，但The Nobel Prize是个例外；给你老妈擦了地板之类，具体付出具体所得的奖赏，就是reward。31. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…这个数字…，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面In the front of the classroom stands the strict teacher. (教室内前)33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词。on the bus表所乘具体的车辆，或表范围They came here on this bus.( by busx)36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时Thinking for a moment, he agreed.37. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语（如常用于间接引语）He will come here next year. / He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(one's) advicetake advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步We take the air every day.41. in a word, in words，in wordin a word总之，一句话In a word, you are right；in words=in word口头上(in practice实践上) He should be a friend in practice, not only in word / Or, He should be a friend in deed as well as in word. in words口语化，in word文学化些。42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替≈take sb.'s place代替某人；in the place of在…地方A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box? One在这种用法中常强调数量意味（见38条）45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会，做主席The news that Keefe is to take the chair comes46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路，by the sea在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师；the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师。（有时作为特别强调，也指一个人）51. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire着火,on the fire在火上Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的（记法：opportunity可能性，长的那个词组与可能性有关）54. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第二的 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why…59. none, nothing, no one一般情况下，nothing回答what问句；nobody和no one回答who问句；none回答how many或how much问句。 ①— What’s in the box?盒子里有什么？— Nothing.什么也没有。②—Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？—Nobody / No one.没有人。③—How many people are there in the park?公园里有多少人？—None.没有人。60. anyone, any one1. anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。如：Would anyone like a drink?谁想喝一杯吗? I don’t want to waste anyone’s time.我不想浪费任何人的时间。 He told her not to tell anyone.他告诉她不要告诉任何人。—Which pen do you want?你要哪支钢笔?—Any one will do.随便哪一支都行2. anyone后不能接表示范围的of短语，而any one后可接表示范围的of短语。如： I don’t know any one of them.他们中我一个也不认识。Any one of us could fail in the exam.我们当中的任何一个都可能考试不及格。3. anyone不能用作定语修饰名词，而any one可以用作定语修饰名词。如：You can borrow any one video at a time.你一次可以借任何一盘录像带。I can’t point to any one particular reason for it.那件事我找不出具体原因来。4. anyone可以受形容词的修饰，且修饰语于anyone之后；而any one很少受形容词的修饰，若语义上需要，应将修饰语置于any与one之间。如：Did you see anyone else there?你在那里看到其他的人吗?Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous?你见过名人吗? Any red one will do.任何一个红色的都可以。 61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.66. much more…than, many more…thanmuch more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any；no friend=not a/any friend ；no water = not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然；after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物等细长类东西，high常指基础大的物体 He is tall.73. fast, rapid, quicklyfast具有速度快的特点，但不一定动了，如停的飞机；rapid一般指本身在动的，如河流，进步；quickly往往与人反应相关 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的（指一种长期状态），healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise总用keep healthy.He's healthy.(V) He's healthy today.(X) His body is healthy.76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby；The baby is asleep； I'm sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost①用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very：most impatiently，a most impressive piece of writing.②当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词：won the most votes.；mostly主要地,是副词Our weather has been mostly warm. 79. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders/眼宽、嘴宽用wide, 脸宽用broad81. real, true用real去表示“为实”的真，如材料/行为/存在：real gold/ a real friend/ in real trouble；用true去表示“对比性（符合）”的真，如常识/重要性：a true prophecy / a true friend82. respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬的（自身对别人所抱的心态）；respectable值得尊敬的（给别人的印象），be respectful to the aged83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语或表语，“让别人愉快的” Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful / a pleasant trip；pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 ；The trip is pleasing. / The food is pleasing to my taste.85. understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose（地点）接近地stand close；closely（关系）密切地 closely connected,87. ill, sickill主要是做表语；sick定语，表语均可 a sick boy88. good, wellgood形容词；well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音；silent不发出声音，但可以动；still完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard努力work hard；hardly几乎不 I can hardly believe it.91. able, capableable与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用 He is capable of doing…92. almost, nearly肯定句中通用；almost可以接not以外的否定词，也就是no, none, never, any以及由no和any构成的词例如nobody, nothing, anything等；not nearly为习语，表示“far from”，“远不”的意思93. late, lately①late迟，晚是adj.& adv.；②lately最近，近来,只是adv. Marry late in life/ I haven't seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving定表均可；alive表语，后置定语；live只能做定语，一般用于动物；lively意为活泼的all the living people=all the people alive；live show现场直播95. excited, excitingexcited当事者自己兴奋，exciting当事者让别人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud出声地，loud大声地read aloud(出声地读)；loudly比loud多些“喧闹”的含义98. worth, worthyworth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being doneIt is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.99. bad, badlybad形容词，badly副词，但与need, want, require连用为"很，非常" I need the book badly. go bad（变坏）100. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long101. quite, ratherquite完全地，相当于completely, rather修饰比较级quite impossible102. happy, gladhappy定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语a happy girl103. instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，He didn't see a film. Instead，he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much too简单说：too much ≈ much，much too ≈ too 105. be about to, be going to, be to dobe about to“马上要做”后面不接时间状语，be going to侧重打算，想法，be to do侧重意志，计划，安排I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)106. raise, riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词The sun rises in the east./ be on the rise上涨,上升；give rise to引起;使发生；have a rise in wages107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetch a box of chalk108. spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间去做什么; spend…on sth./in doing sth；take物做主语，做什么花了多少时间; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for；cost物做主语，花钱109. join, join in, take part injoin接人（群）He joined the army five years ago.；join in参加相对小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in参加大型的活动，自己起一份作用的活动。 110. learn, study做学习解时，两者可不区分。但study ①研究study the problem ②书房；learn了解：I learn it from him.111. want, hope, wishwant打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do；hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that…（hope sb. to do.错）；wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.，wish +虚拟语气 112. discover, invent, find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西；invent发明本来不存在的物体；find out发现，查明At last he found out the truth.113. answer, replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接to reply to the letter114. leave, leave forleave离开，leave for前往He left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, stealrob抢劫rob sb. of sth.，steal偷steal sth. from sb.116. shoot, shoot atshoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中He shot the bird and it died.117. drop, falldrop及物不及物均可；fall不及物动词Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.118. search, search for只要理解search A for B,且有时会省略A，有时会省略B就可以He searched his pocket for money.119. used to, be used toused to do过去常常；be used to sth. /doing习惯于；be used to do sth.被用来He is used to getting up early.120. win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them121. live on, live bylive on以…为主食，live by你好…谋生live on fish/ live by fishing。注意凑巧：He lived on the farm.122. beat, hit, strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beat the wings123. meet, meet with与某人会见，意思相同。“体验到，遭遇到”用meet with：meet with an accident124. lose, miss，missing①lose失去（具体的物体），错过sth. is lost, lose the chance；②miss想念，错过，miss the chance；③missing缺失（而不完美）,失踪：Several pages are missing125. be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of厌烦…，be tired with/from因为…而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters126. care about, care for两者都常见于否定句care about关心，计较，在乎；care for喜欢，关心，照料，愿意|| He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.127. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以：She has had a cold for a week.128. change for, change intochange for调换成，change into变成Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.129. continue, last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.130. feed, raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)，raise饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children)：raise the family

abdicate 让位,放弃abduct 绑架,绑走aberration 越轨,脱离常轨abhor 憎恶,痛恨abject 卑鄙的,卑屈的abjure (发誓)放弃abnegate 放弃abnormal 畸形,不正常的abominate 痛恨,憎恶aboriginal 土著的abrade 磨损,摩擦abrogate 取消,废止abrupt 突然,陡峭的abscond 潜逃,逃匿absence 缺席,缺乏absolute 纯粹,完全,绝对的absolve 免除,赦免,解除absorb 吸收abstain 抑制,戒绝abstract 抽出,提炼,摘录abstruse 难解,深奥的absurd 荒谬的abundant 丰富,充足的abuse 虐待,辱骂accede 同意,应允accelerate 加快,加速accost 招呼,搭话account 叙述,说明accredit 将(..)归於accumulate 堆积,积聚accustom (使) 习惯於adapt 使适应,使适合adhere 坚持,黏著adjourn 延期,休会adjure 恳求adjust 调节,使...适合administer 管理admire 钦佩,叹赏admonish 警告,告诫adopt 采纳,收养adore 敬慕,敬爱adorn 装饰adulterate 搀混,使品质低落affable 和蔼可亲,殷勤的affiliate 联合,加入,加盟affirm 断言affix 黏上,贴上,附加afflict 使...痛苦affront 侮辱aggrandize 增强势力aggravate 加重,惹怒aggregate 总计,合计aggrieve 使苦恼,使受屈align 使合作,排列成行allay 使和缓,使镇静alleviate 减轻,使缓和allocate 拨出allot 分配alloy 合金allure 引诱ally 联合,结合ameliorate 改善amenable 有责任,应服从的amend 修正,改良annex 并吞,附加annihilate 消灭annotate 评注,注解announce 正式宣布annul 取消,废止apparatus 仪器appeal 吸引力,恳求appease 使平静,缓和append 附加appertain 属於,与...有关apportion 分摊,分配appraise 鉴别,评价apprehend 逮捕,忧惧approbate 认可,赞成appropriate 拨(款),拨作(某目的)之用arouse 引起,激起arrange 处理,调解assail 攻击assault 攻击assemble 集合,聚集assent 同意,赞同assert 断言assimilate 同化,使类似,吸收associate 结交,联合assort 分类assortment 各色俱备之物,物品总集assuage 缓和assume 假定,假装assure 确告,保证attach 系,附加attain 得到attaint 污辱,羞辱attemper 冲淡,使缓和attend 出席,到,注意attest 证实attune 使合调,使一致aver 断言avow 公开承认,坦白承认awake 吵醒,唤起benediction 祝祷,恩赐benefaction 捐助beneficial 有益的beneficiary 受惠者beneficence 善行,仁慈,慈善benefit 利益benevolent 慈善,仁慈的benign 良性,良好,亲切的benignant 仁慈,亲切的bonus 红利,奖金boon 恩物,恩赐bounty 奖金,慷慨好施bounteous 慷慨的bountiful 丰富,大方的 cataclysm 洪水,剧变catalog(ue) 目录cataract 大瀑布catastrophe 灾祸category 种类 coalesce 合并,联合coalition 联合,联盟coerce 强迫coeval 同时期,同时代的coexist 共生,共存cogitate 思考,沈思cohere 凝结,结合coherent 连贯,一致的coincide 符合,一致collaborate 合作collapse 倒塌,崩溃collateral 旁系,附属的colleague 同事collect 收集collide 互撞,冲突colloquial 口语的collusion 共谋,串通combat 战斗combine 化合,结合commend 称赞commensurate 相当,同量的commingle 混合,混杂commiserate 怜悯,同情commission 委托代办的事,委托,委员会,代表团commit 委托,付与,作,犯compact 简洁的companion 同伴,朋友,伴侣company 陪伴,同伴compare 比较,匹敌,竞争compartment 格,隔间compass 周围,范围compassion 同情,怜悯compatible 能共存,一致,符合的compel 强迫compensate 赔偿,补偿,报酬compete 竞争,比赛compile 编篡,编辑complacent 洋洋自得,自满的complaisant 谦恭,有礼,顺从的complement 补足,补充complex 复杂,错综的complicate 使复杂comport 适合,相称comprehend 了解,包括,包含comprehensive 广博,广泛的compress 压缩,减缩comprise 包括compromise 和解compulsory 强迫,强制的compunction 良心不安,懊悔compute 计算concave 凹的concede 让步,承认conceit 自负concentrate 集中,浓缩concoct 计画,调制concord 和谐,一致concourse 会流,合流condense 使简洁,缩短condescend 屈尊condole 同情,慰问condone 宽恕,原谅conduce 引起,有助於confederate 共犯,同谋者confer 颁给,赐与confide 信赖,交托confident 确信的configuration 形状,轮廓,外貌confine 限制confirm 证实confiscate 充公,没收conflict 冲突confluence 汇流处,合流conform 使顺应,使一致confound 使惶恐,使混淆confuse 使混乱congeal 凝结,冻僵congenial 意气相投,友善的congenital 天生的congest 拥塞conglomerate 聚集congregate 聚集congress 会议,大会conjunction 结合,连结conjure 以咒召魂,变魔术,恳求connect 连接connote 含意,暗示conquer 征服,克服conquest 征服conscience 良心conscientious 正直,有良心的conscious 自觉,知道的consecrate 奉为神圣consecutive 连续的consensus 一致的意见consent 允许,同意consequence 结果conserve 保全,保存consist 为...所制成,组成console 安慰consolidate 巩固consonant 一致,相称的consort 结交constant 不断,持久的constellation 星座,星群constitute 构成,任命constrain 强迫construct 建筑construe 解释,翻译consume 消耗,浪费consummate 完成contact 接触contagious 传染性的contain 包含,容纳contaminate 污染contemporary 同时代的contend 竞争content 使满足,使满意contest 比赛,争斗contiguous 接触,邻近的contort 扭歪,歪曲contour 轮廓,外形contract 缩短,省略contribute 贡献,捐助convene 召开,召集,集合converge 集中於一点,使聚合converse 谈话convert 改变convey 传达,运送convict 宣告有罪convince 使相信,说明convivial 欢乐,快活的convoy 护送convulse 痉挛,抽搐,震撼,使不安cooperate 合作,协同coordinate 同等的correct 改正,修正correlate 使相关连correspond 调合,符合corroborate 证实corrode 腐蚀,侵蚀corrugate 使起皱纹corrupt 使腐坏,败坏 contradict 否认,矛盾contrary 相反的contrast 差异contravene 抵触,否定,反驳controversy 争论,辩论controvert 否定,反驳,争论counter 反对,对抗counteract 消解,抵消counterattact 反攻,反击counterbalance 弥补,使抵消counterfeit 伪造,假冒的countermand 撤回,取消counterpart 极相似的人,配对的东西countervail 抵消,对抗 debar 禁止debase 贬低debate 讨论,争论deceased 已故,死亡的declaim 演说,高声朗诵declare 宣布decline 倾斜,拒绝decrepit 破旧,衰老的decry 谴责dedicate 献身,致力,奉献deduce 推想,推论deduct 扣除deface 伤毁(外表)defer 顺从deflate 放出空气,使坍陷,减消deject 使沮丧delay 延期deliberate 熟思,考虑,有意,存心的demean 贬抑,降低demerit 短处,过失,缺点demise 死亡demoralize 使沮丧,败坏demote 降级demure 佯作端庄,端庄的denominate 命名denote 表示,指示,意指denounce 当众指责deny 否认,不承认depict 描写,叙述deplore 悲痛deposit 存储,放下,置下deprave 使败坏depredation 劫掠,抢夺depress 降低,压下deprive 剥夺derelict 被弃的deride 嘲笑,嘲弄descend 降design 设计designate 指派,任命desolate 荒凉,荒芜的despicable 可鄙,卑劣的despise 轻视,蔑视despoil 夺取,掠夺destitue 穷困的destroy 毁坏,毁灭determine 决心,决定dethrone 废(君)detonate 使爆炸detour 绕行之路devaluate (使)贬值devastate 破坏,蹂躏devoid 缺乏,无的devolve 移交,委任 TopDE-,DI-,DIS-away,off,not分离,否定 de,di,dis 是英文最重要的字首之一,相关的单字数量很多. de 为 down,complete 之意引申出来 away,off 的意思,则归属於di,dis 之中. di,dis 后接字根的第一个字母若是 d,g,l,m,n,r,v 之一,则拼作 di;若是 c,p,q,s,t 之一,便拼作 dis. 除了de,di,dis 三种常见的拼法之外,并有 dif一种,字根的第一个字母若是 f,便用这拼法,如differ v. [差异],difficult a.[艰难的],diffident a. [胆怯的] 等. decadence 堕落,衰落decapitate 斩首decay 衰亡,逐渐衰弱deceive 欺骗decide 决定,决心decipher 解释,译解decode 译解decompose 分解,腐烂decrease 减少decree 命令defame 损毁名誉,诽谤default 缺乏,怠忽defeat 击败,失败defect 缺点,过失,投奔敌方,变节defend 保卫,保护defer 延期deficient 有缺点,不足的deficit 赤字,不足(额)define 定义,详细说明definite 明确,确定的definitive 确定,最后的deflect 使偏斜,使转向deform 使不成形,使丑defraud 欺骗,诈欺defy 违抗,不顾,挑激degenerate 恶化,变坏dehydrate 脱水,使乾delegate 指令...为代表,委派delinquency 犯罪,违法delirious 狂喜deliver 拯救,递送delude 迷惑,欺骗deluge 洪水demarcation 界限,界线demonstrate 证明,演示,作示威运动demur 反对,犹豫denude 剥下,脱去,剥夺depart 离开,放弃deplete 耗尽,使空竭deploy 部署,展开deport 放逐,驱逐出境depose 废除deprecate 反对,不赞成,鄙视depreciate 跌价,贬值,轻视,毁谤depute 委托(某人)为代理deputy 代表derange 扰乱,使错乱derive 起源,获得descant 详述describe 形容,描写,叙述desert 遗弃,放弃despair 失望,绝望desperate 绝望,不顾死活的despondency 意气消沈,失望detach 分开,派遣detail 细节,细部,详述detain 拘留,扣押detect 发现deter 防止detract 减损,责难detrimental 有害,伤害的develop 开发,进展,发展deviate 离题,逸出正轨devious 不正直,有偏差的devote 奉献devout 忠诚,虔诚的differ 不同,意见不合differentiate 辨别,区分difficult 艰难,费力的diffident 羞怯的diffuse 传播,冗长的digest 消化,吸收,分类digress 离开本题dilapidate 使部分毁坏,使破损dilate 扩大diligent 勤勉的dilute 稀释,变淡,使变弱dimension 尺寸,大小diminish 减少diminutive 小的direct 命令,指导,直接,坦白,绝对的disable 使残废,使无资格disadvantage 不利情况,缺点,伤害disaffect 使生恶感,使生二心,使疏远disagree 不一致,争论disapprove 非难,不准许,不赞成disarray 使乱disaster 灾祸disavow 否认,不承认disband 解散discard 摒除,弃绝discern 辨别,看见discharge 开释,开除,放出,流出disclaim 否认,拒绝承认disclose 揭露discomfit 挫败,使困惑discomfort 不舒适,不快disconnect 使分离disconsolate 哀伤,孤独的discontent 不满discontinue 停止discord 不一致discount 折扣discourage 阻止,使沮丧,妨碍discourse 演沟,谈话,论文discourteous 无礼貌,粗鲁的discover 发现,泄露discredit 怀疑,不信任discreet 言行谨慎,小心的discrepancy 矛盾,不同discrete 分立,各别,不相关连的discriminate 辨别discursive 散乱无章的disdain 鄙视disease 病,疾痛disembark 登岸,离船,卸货disengage 解开,放开disentangle 解开disfavor 不赞成,不喜欢disfigure 破坏(姿容,形状等)disfranchise 夺...之公权disgorge 吐出,流出,喷出disgrace 耻辱disguise 假扮,伪装,掩饰disgust 厌恶dishearten 使沮丧,使气馁dishevel 使凌乱dishonest 不诚实,欺诈dishonor 耻辱,不名誉disillusion 幻灭disincline (使)不愿,厌恶disinfect 消毒disintegrate 崩溃,分裂disinter 发现,从坟墓中挖出disinterested 公正,无私,漠不关心的dislike 嫌恶dismantle 拆卸,剥脱dismiss 解散,开除disorient 使失去方向感,使迷惑disown 不承认为己所有,否认disparage 贬抑,毁谤,轻视disparate 不同的dispatch 派遣,速办dispel 吹散,驱散dispense 分与,分配disperse 驱散,消散,免除displace 使离乡背井,免职,取代,代替display 陈列,展示displeasure 不满,不悦disport 嬉戏,娱乐dispossess 强夺,剥夺disprove 证明为误,反驳dispute 争吵,争论disquiet 不安,动摇disregard 忽视,轻视,不理disrobe 脱衣disrupt 瓦解,中断,使分裂dissect 分辨,切开,分析disseminate 传播,散布dissent 不同意dissertation 论文,演讲dissidence 异议,不一致dissimulate 掩饰,假装dissipate 使消散,驱散dissolute 放荡,淫乐的dissolve 消除,消灭,溶解dissonance 不协调,不调和dissuade 劝阻,阻止distant 遥远,远离的distaste 嫌恶distend 扩张,膨胀distinct 相异,各别,清楚的distinguish 区别,辨别,认明distinguished 杰出,著名的distort 扭曲,曲解distract 分心,困恼distraught 心神分散,发狂的distress 穷困,困难,痛苦distribute 分送,分配disturb 打扰,扰乱diverge 分歧,逸出正轨diverse 各色各样,种类不同的diversify 使多样化,使变化divert 转入,转向,自娱,消遣divest 脱去,剥除divorce 离婚,分开divulge 泄漏,揭穿 TopDIAthrough,between,across穿越,居中 字首 dia 源起希腊文介系词与副词dia,为through 或 between 之意. 这个字首在希腊文中已拥有不少单字. 如dialect n. [方言] 和dialectical a. [辩证的] 虽相同字源,意思却相差甚远. 因为 dialect 源自希腊文 [方言],而 dialectical 的名词dialectic [辩证] 源起 [dialektike] [辩证],两字均由同一字根 lect [说话] 组成,原文意思不同,转入英文也有南辕北辙的解释.diacritic 能分辨,区别的diagnosis 诊断diagonal 对角线的diagram 图样,图表dialect 方言,同语系的语言dialectical 辩证的dialog(ue) 对白,对话diameter 直径diaphanous 透明,清澄的diatribe 苛评,漫骂,争论 TopE-,EC-EX-,EXTRA-out向外 e,ec,ex,extra 是英文重要的字首之一. 其中 e,ex 源自拉丁文介系词 e,ex,ec 源自希腊文介系词 ek,ex,都有 out,outside之意; extra 则来自拉丁文副词与介系词extra,原有 outside,except,without 之意. 这个字首另有两种比较少见的变音. 后面所接的字根第一个音是 f 子音时,往往会同化成 ef,如 efface v. [消除],effect n. [效果]等. 字根的第一个字母若是 c,则有部分会同化为 es,如escape v.[逃亡],escort n. [护卫] 等. 字首拼作ex 时,字根的第一个字母若是 s,则 s 一律同化在字首的 x 字母中,如execute v.[完成,执行] 字根为 secu [跟随],existv. [生存] 字根为sist [站立] 等等,均是如此. ebullient 兴高采烈,沸腾的eccentric 古怪的eclipse 使晦暗,遮掩ecstasy 心醉神迷,狂喜educate 教育,培育educe 引出efface 消除,冲淡effect 效力,影响,实现effectual 有效的effectuate 使实现,实践effete 失去活力,枯竭,衰弱的efficacious 有效的efficient 有效,有能力effort 努力effuse 发散,流出ejaculate 突然说出,叫出eject 逐出elaborate 使扩大,完美,复杂elapse (光阴)逝去,溜走elate 使兴奋,欣喜elect 选举,推选,选择elegant 文雅,高雅的elevate 提高,举起elicit 引出elide 略去eligible 合格,适当的elite 社会名流,精华elongate 拉长,延伸elope 私奔,逃亡eloquent 雄辩的elucidate 阐明,说明elude 逃避,规避emaciate 使瘦弱emanate 发出,流出emancipate 解放emerge 出现emigrate 移居eminent 杰出的emissary 使者emit 放射,喷出emotion 情感,情绪,感情enormous 巨大的eradicate 连根拔除,扑灭erase 擦掉,抹去erect 建立,竖立,直立的erode 侵蚀,腐蚀erudite 博学的erupt 爆发escape 逃脱escort 护送,护卫,护航evacuate 撤离,撤空evade 规避,逃避evaluate 评估evanescent 短暂,易逝的event 结果,发生的事,事件eventual 最后的evict 逐出evident 明显的evoke 唤起,引起evolve 引出,发展exacerbate 使加剧,激怒exact 需要,坚持要求; 精确的exaggerate 夸大,使扩大exasperate 激怒excavate 挖掘exceed 超过,胜过excel 优於,超过except 免除,除外,除...之外excerpt 摘录excess 超额,超过数,额外,超过的exchange 交换excise 切去,除去excite 鼓舞,引起exclaim 惊呼,呼喊exclude 拒绝,排除excrete 排泄exculpate 使无罪,证明无罪excursion 旅行excursive 散漫,无连贯的excuse 原谅execrate 咒骂execute 执行,处死,处决exempt 使免除(责任等)exert 运用exhale 发出,呼出exhaust 使力竭,耗尽exhibit 展览,显示exhilarate 使高兴exhort 劝告,力劝exhume 从墓中挖出exigency 紧急,迫切exile 放逐exodus 大批离去,(移民)出国exonerate 免除exorcise 去除exotic 外来,外国产的expand 张开,扩大,使膨胀expatiate 详述,漫游expatriate 移居国外,放逐expect 预期,预料expedient 权宜,方便的expedite 使加速expeditious 敏捷,迅速的expel 驱逐,逐出expend 花费,消耗expense 费用expire 死亡,满期,终止explain 解释,说明explicable 可说明,可解释的explicate 解说,说明explicit 明确的explode 爆炸,发作exploit 功迹,开发,利用explore 探险,探测,研究exponent 解释者export 外销,输出,输出品expose 暴露,揭穿expound 解释,说明express 表达,正确; 明确的,快速的expulsion 逐出exquisite 纤美,精致的extant 现存的extemporaneous 即席,临时作成的extemporize 即席演说,即席作曲extend 延长extenuate 减轻exterior 外在的; 外面,外表exterminate 消灭external 外表,形式上,外部的extinct 灭种,熄灭了的extinguish 灭绝,熄灭extirpate 灭绝,连根拔起extol 颂扬extort 勒索extra 额外,特别的extract 抽出,取出,引出,得到extradite 引渡extraneous 外来的extraordinary 杰出,惊人的extravagant 过度的extreme 极端,极端之事物; 最远,极度的extricate 解脱,救出extrinsic 外来,外在的extrude 逐出exuberant 丰富,充溢的exude 渗出,流出,流露exult 大喜,耀武扬威 ```只有那么多了```还可以么？？

nick429也真是的！你怎么好意思说出实话呢？最起码也要虚情假意地安慰一下别人嘛！是的。你没救的了！回家耕田吧！拣垃圾也可以的.任选其一（不过要慎重考虑耕田和拣垃圾不是每个人都能做好的.不过我相信你能胜任.不用感激我了！）。说实话国家也需要你这样的农民伯伯来缴税和欺负。相信接纳我的意见后对你的人生将是一次有意义的重大转折。

初中英语词汇教学研究课题结题报告《初中英语词汇教学课题研究》结题报告一、 课题研究的背景：中学英语教学的任务是通过对学生听、说、读、写的训练，使学生掌握一定的语言基本知识和基本技能，并初步具有运用英语进行交际的能力。其中，英语词汇是我们进行基本训练的重要内容之一。随着二期课改的不断深入，牛津教材的普遍使用，词汇教学更是困难重重。牛津初中英语词汇量大，其中七年级上册有词汇700个左右，下册约450个，八年级上册约450个，下册约400个， 九年级全册约500个，合计2500个。牛津教材的生词量大，呈现则不拘一格，大多都隐藏在课文中，学生不易察觉。因此对于刚进入中学的学生，特别是小学英语学习没过关的学生来说，词汇学习成了英语学习的最大障碍，而且在很大程度上会影响学生学习的积极性和信心，自然这些也就增加了教学的难度。预备年级时，区抽测结果有一半多的学生不及格，有些甚至只有十几分，两极分化严重，学生觉得难学，老师也觉得难教。