蘅芷菁苓
二、后缀 (Suffixes) 126、-able. a. ==倾向于…;可能回做… ①acceptable可接受的:accept接受+able倾向于…→acceptable在心理倾向于接受即可接受的 If these termsare not acceptable to you, we may suggest others. 如果你对这些条件不合意,我们可提出别的条件。 ②readable可读(认)的:read读+able可能会做…→readable可能会读得懂得即可读(认)的 The book isclear, readable and adequately illustrated. 这本书明白易懂,可读性强,插图丰富。 ③adaptable可适应的:adapt适应+able可能会做…→adaptable可能会适应的即可适应的 Older workerscan be as adaptable and quick to learn as anyone else. 较年长的工人的适应能力和学习速度有时并不亚于其他任何人。 [if !supportLists]127、[endif]-age. n. ==…的行动、结果、状态 ①shortage缺乏,短缺:short短缺的+age…的状态→shortage某物处于短缺的状态即缺乏,短缺 The war waslost because of a shortage of munitions. 战争因军火不足而失败。 ②reportage报告文学:report报告+age…的动作→reportage表示作报告这个动作引申为报告文学 His reportage fullycomplied with the facts. 他写的报告文学充分尊重了客观事实。 ③parentage出身,门第:parent根源、起源+age…的结果→parentage一个人的根源、起源决定其出身,门第 At our age,the parentage is so important. 128、-al. n. == …的行动,…的人;倾向于;与…有联系、相关;属于、关于 ①refusal拒绝:refuse拒绝+al…的行动→refusal表示拒绝这个行动即拒绝 I translate hissilence as a refusal. ②criminal犯罪分子:crime犯罪+al……的人→criminal犯罪的人即犯罪分子 The criminal wassentenced to prison for theft. ③colonial殖民的:colony殖民地+al倾向于→colonial有殖民地倾向的即殖民的 AmericanIndependence War is really a colonial war. ④natural自然的:nature自然+al与…有联系、相关→natural与自然有练习的或相关的即自然的 Itis natural that he should fall in love with such a beautiful girl. ⑤political政治的:politics政治+al属于、关于→political属于政治领域的、关于政治的即政治的 He has somepretty strange political ideas. [if !supportLists]129、[endif]-ed.[过去分词作定语] == 1)充满;具有某种特点 2)完成 ①spirited(heated)argument热烈的讨论:spirit精神+ed充满→spirited充满精神的即热烈的 He organized aspirited argument successfully. ②honeyed word甜言蜜语:honey蜂蜜+ed具有某种特点→honeyed具有蜂蜜的特点,像蜂蜜一样甜的话即甜言蜜语 Don't always speak honeyed words. ③distracted心情纷乱:distract使分心+ed完成→distracted已经被分心了心情就会纷乱 She didn'trealize the extent to which she had been distracted. 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。 [if !supportLists]130、[endif]-ee. n. == 动作的受动者即动作的对象 ①testee考生,被测验者:test考试、测验+ee→testee被考试的人即考生,被测验的人即被测验者 An analysisof testees participating in self - study exams for higher education 高等教育自学考试的考生分析 ②trainee运动员,受训练的人:train锻炼+ee动作的受动者→trainee被训练的人即受训练的人 The company'ssalary scale ranges from5,000 for a trainee to 50,000 for the managingdirector. 公司工资的等级从学徒工的5,000英镑到总经理的50,000英镑,级别不等。 ③payee受款人:pay付款+ee动作的受动者→payee接受付款的人即受款人 The issuer mayspecify himself on the cheque as the payee. 出票人可以在支票上记载自己为收款人。 [if !supportLists]131、[endif]-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. == 动作的施动者;用作…的设备 ①fighter战士,战斗机:fight战斗、战争+er动作的施动者→参加战斗的人即战士;+er用作…的设备→fighter用作战斗的设备即战斗机 He was asturdy fighter for racial equality. 他是一个为种族平等而奋斗的坚强战士。 ②beggar乞丐:beg乞讨+er动作的施动者→beggar乞讨的人即乞丐 The beggar shiveredin his scanty clothes. 乞丐穿着单薄,冻得发抖。 ③cashier出纳员:cash现金+ier动作的施动者→cashier管理现金的人即出纳员 The robber threatenedthe cashier with a revolver. 强盗用左轮手枪威胁出纳员。 ④pioneer先锋队员:作为先锋的人即先锋队员 He wasa pioneer in the use of X-rays. 他是最早使用X光的人。 [if !supportLists]132、[endif]-ic/ical. a. == 与…相关;像、类似于… ①scenic风景的:scene景色、风景+ic与…相关→scenic与风景相关的即风景的 The countryabounds in scenic and natural wonders. 这个国家有许多风景优美的自然景观。 ②geometric几何的:geometry几何+ic与…相关→geometric与几何相关的即几何的 The cube is asolid geometric figure. 立方体是一个牢固的几何图形。 ③geographical地理的:geography地理+ic与…相关→geographical与地理相关的即地理的 Morphologicalcharacters and geographical distribution are the same as the family. 形态学上的特征和地理的分布与科相同。 [if !supportLists]133、[endif]-ess/ine. n. == 女性的,与女性相关的 ①actress女演员:act表演+r+ess女性的→actress演出是由女性表演的即女演员 Her success asan actress was now assured. ②heroine女英雄:hero英雄+ine女性的→heroine女性的英雄即女英雄 She becamethe heroine of France. ③mayoress女市长:mayor市长+ess女性的→mayoress女性的市长即女市长 Our mayoress isspeaking at the meeting. [if !supportLists]134、[endif]-ful. a. ==充满 ①handful一把,一撮:hand手+ful充满→handful充满手的即一把,一撮 He dipped intothe bag and brought out a handful of sample wheat. 他把手伸进袋里,取出一把小麦样品。 ②mouthful一口:mouth口+ful充满→mouthful充满口的即一口 He wants to eatit up at a mouthful. ③cupful一满杯:cup杯子+ful充满→cupful充满杯子的即一满杯 He drank acupful water as he was very thirst. [if !supportLists]135、[endif]-ify/fy. v. == 使…、加强 ①intensify强化,加强:intense强烈的+ify加强→intensify强化,加强 Youmust intensify your sense of responsibility. ②purify净化:pure纯净的+ify使…→purify使…纯净即净化 The endlessforests will purify the air. ③clarify澄清:clear清晰的、清澈的+ify使…→clarify使…变得清晰、清澈即澄清 These brief remarks may serve to clarify the fact. [if !supportLists]136、[endif]-hood. n. ==状态、状况 ①childhood儿童期:child儿童+hood状态、状况→childhood处于儿童的状态儿童期 I have onlymisty memories of my early childhood. 我对自己的童年只剩一些模糊的记忆。 ②brotherhood手足之情:brother兄弟+hood状态、状况→brotherhood处于兄弟的状态即手足之情 I valuethe brotherhood between us. ③bachelorhood独身生活:bachelor单身+hood状态、状况→bachelorhood处于单身的状况即独身生活 He lives inbachelorhood though his parents ask him to get merry as soon as possible. [if !supportLists]137、[endif]-ile. a. == 有可能… ①hostile敌意的:有可能成为敌人即敌意的 I don't likeher manner -- she's very hostile. ②fragile易碎的:有可能破碎的即易碎的 This glassplate is very fragile. ③versatile多才多艺的:有可能会多种才华的即多才多艺的 Versatile actorscan play all kinds of roles. [if !supportLists]138、[endif]-ility. n. == 具有…的性质、特点 ①feasibility可行性:feasible可行的+ility具有…的性质、特点→feasibility具有可行性的特点即可行性 They doubted ofthe feasibility of the project. ②servility奴性,卑屈:serve为…服务+ility具有…的性质、特点→servility具有为别人服务的性质即奴性,卑屈 The remnants ofthe old servility are hard to shake off. 世世代代遗留下来的奴性,不是一朝一夕就能根除的。 ③mobility易动的:mobile移动的+ility具有…的性质、特点→mobility具有可移动的特点即易动的 Recent yearshave witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。 139、-ing. a. == 有…的性质、特点 ①disturbing令人不安的:disturb使不安,使烦恼+ing有…的性质、特点→disturbing某人或某事又让人感觉到不安或烦恼的性质即令人不安 There wassomething sinister about him that she found disturbing. 他身上有种邪恶的东西让她很不安。 ②surprising令人吃惊的:surprise使惊奇+ing有…的性质、特点→surprising有让人感觉到惊奇的性质即令人吃惊的 A surprisingnumber of customers order the same sandwich every day. ③encouraging振奋人心的:encourage鼓舞、鼓励+ing有…的性质、特点→encouraging有鼓舞人的特点即振奋人心的 It wasencouraging that he recognized the dangers facing the company. 140、-ion/ation. n. == 表示动作或过程(名词后缀,即加在动词后面把动词转化为名词) ①indication指示:indicate指示+ion表示动作→indication指示 Did they giveyou any indication? ②relaxation放松:relax放松+ion表示过程→relaxation放松 Fishing is hisfavorite relaxation. ③perfection完美无缺:perfect完美的+ion表示过程→perfection完美无缺 The designapproximates perfection. 141、-ish. a. == 有…的性质、特点 ①childish幼稚的:child儿童+ish有…的性质、特点→childish具有孩子般的气质的即幼稚的 The little girlspoke in a high childish voice. ②bookish书生气的:book书+ish有…的性质、特点→bookish具有书一般的特性的即书生气的 He alsocriticized the concepts, methods, and goals of the bookish scholars. ③devilish魔鬼似的:devil魔鬼+ish有…的性质、特点→devilish具有魔鬼一般的特性即魔鬼似的 He is ahandsome man with devilish charm. 142、-ism. n. == …主义 ①capitalism资本主义:capital资本+ism…主义→capitalism资本主义 Capitalism isbased on private ownership. ②adventurism冒险主义:adventure冒险+ism…主义→adventurism冒险主义 We are opposedto adventurism. ③opportunism机会主义:opportunity机会+ism…主义→opportunism机会主义 But on socialissues, he is accused of opportunism. 143、-ist. n. == 1)相信、信任 2)…方面的专家 ①romanticist浪漫主义作家:romanticism浪漫主义+ist…方面的专家→romanticist在写浪漫主义风格方面是专家即浪漫主义作家 NathanielHawthorne was the pioneer of romanticist and psychoanalytic novels in thehistory of American literature. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国文学史上的浪漫主义小说和心理分析小说的开创者. ②economist经济学家:economy经济+ist…方面的专家→economist在经济方面的专家即经济学家 Thefamous economist gave us a speech. ③nationalist民族主义者:national国家的、民族的+ist相信、信任→nationalist信任民族的即民族主义者 Atrue nationalist places his country above everything. 144、-istic. a. == 充满… ①realistic现实的:real真实的、现实的+istic充满→realistic充满现实即现实的 He was realistic aboutdifficulties. ②artistic艺术的:art艺术+istic充满→artistic充满艺术即艺术的 We aredisciples of the artistic leader. 我们是那位艺术领袖的追随者。 ③humanistic人道的:human人类+istic充满→humanistic人道的 You don't needa humanistic education in order to become a herdsman. 要成为一个牧人,你不需要接受人文主义的教育。 145、-ive. a. == 倾向于,有…的倾向;有…的特性、性质、特点 ①instructive有教育意义的:instruct讲授、教导、指导+ive有…的特性、性质、特点→instructive有教导性质的即有教育意义的 Both formationsprovide instructive early examples of integration. 两者的成立提供了一体化的有益的先例。 ②offensive进攻性的:offend触怒、得罪、冒犯+ive倾向于→offensive倾向于冒犯别人的即具有进攻性的 His remarkswere rather offensive. 他的话非常无礼。 ③constructive建设性的:construct建设+ive有…的特性、性质、特点→constructive具有建设性质的即建设性的 Give constructive criticismand suggestions.提出建设性的批评和建议。 146、-ize. v. == 使/让…成为,导致…成为 ①realize实现:real真实的、现实的+ize使/让…成为→realize让…成为现实即实现 My wishes havebeen realized. ②organize组织:organ机构、器官+ize使/让…成为→organize让…成为成为一个机构引申为组织 The meeting wasbadly organized. ③popularize普及,推广:popular流行的、大众化的+ize使/让…成为→popularize让…流行,让…成为大众化的东西即普及,推广 We should popularize scienceon a great scale. 147、-less. a. == 没有 ①jobless失业的:job工作+less没有→jobless没有工作的即失业的 Nearly 1million are estimated to be jobless. ②tireless不倦的:tire疲劳+less没有→tireless没有疲劳的即不倦的 He was aboveall a good and tireless writer. 他首先是位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。 ③countless数不清的:count数+less没有→countless没有数的即数不清的 There are countless starsin the sky. 148、-let. n. == 小的 ①booklet小册子:book书+let小的→booklet很小的书即小册子 It is all rightto write the essay in your booklet. ②townlet小镇:town城镇+let小的→townlet小镇 The blossom ofeconomy change this silence townlet to downtown area. 经济的迅速发展使这个寂静的小镇成为闹市。 ③houselet小房子:house房子+let小的→houselet小房子 She built ahouselet for her cat. 149、-like. a. == 有…的特性、性质、特点 ①childlike孩子般的:child孩子+like有…的特性、性质、特点→childlike有孩子一样的特点即孩子般的 He retained a childlike senseof wonder. 他仍然有一种孩子般的好奇感。 ②warlike好战的:war战争+like有…的特性、性质、特点→warlike带有战争的性质的即好战的 The Spartanswere a warlike people. 斯巴达人是尚武的民族. ③businesslike事务式的,有条理的:business商务+like有…的特性、性质、特点→businesslike具有商务特点的即事务式的,有条理的 The talks werefrank and businesslike. 会谈是坦率的,讲究实效的。 150、-logy/-ology. n. == 有关…的学科,研究… ①sociology社会学:society社会+ology有关…的学科→sociology有关社会的学科即社会学 Economics and sociology aresocial sciences. ②ecology生态学:eco-生态的+logy有关…的学科→ecology有关生态的学科即生态学 Ecology helpsus understand complex problems. ③methodology方法论:method方法+ology研究…→methodology专门研究方法的即方法论 Projectparticipants may propose a new monitoring methodology. 项目参与者可以提出一种新的监测方法学。