绝代双椒
院前急救现在，大家基本上都知道遇到突发疾病或者遭遇意外创伤时拨打120急救电话，然后，就会有医院的急救人员乘着救护车前来展开现场急救，然后将病人或伤员送往医院。但是，你是否知道“院前急救”的概念呢？院前急救的英文是First aid，中文意思就是第一救援者，也有人翻译为第一发现者。当今的急救医学把急救的过程分为三个阶段：“院前急救”阶段、“急诊处置”阶段和“ICU观察”阶段。当然，有些轻微的病人或伤员在急诊室处置之后即可离院了。所谓“院前急救”阶段就是指从第一救援者到达现场并采取一些必要措施开始直至救护车到达现场进行急救处置然后将病员送达医院急诊室之间的这个阶段。在此期间，第一发现/救援者首先应该采取一些必要的措施，使病员处于相对稳定的状态；拨打急救中心电话，呼叫救护车并守侯在病员身边，等待救护车的到来；救护车到达后，急救医生将会采取许多措施来延缓病员的病情，延长病员的生命，使其在到达医院时具备更好的治疗条件。比如在现场利用便携式心脏起博器、救护车车载供氧系统、气管切开术等等手段实施心肺复苏；对于外伤施行消毒、包扎；利用急救固定器械对可能发生骨折的部位实施临时固定等等。院前急救对于突发疾病或者遭遇意外创伤的病员来说，至关重要，甚至关系到病员的生命能否延续。对于普通老百姓来讲，很有可能成为第一发现/救援者，因此，也有必要了解院前急救的概念和一些基本处置原则。一般情况下，非专业急救人员不要搬动病员的身体。如果病员因外界因素导致呼吸困难或者伤口出血，我们可以帮助排除阻碍病员呼吸的障碍，采取简单有效的方法帮助病员止血。然后，守侯在病员身边等待急救人员到来。非专业人员轻易搬动病员很可能导致严重后果。院前急救应采取的处置步骤是：心肺复苏、止血包扎、躯干及肢体固定，然后才是搬运至救护车上。尤其是对于脊柱损伤以及骨折的伤员，在没有固定的情况下进行搬运，极易导致伤员的二次损伤，严重者可能导致伤员高位截瘫或者体内大出血。
o0小惠惠0o
To participate in outdoor activities, rest or through the grass snake habitat, crevice, dead wood, bamboo groves, Creek, or other relatively dark, dank office, if accidentally bitten by a snake, do not scared. Should first determine whether the snake bite. Observation of the wound is usually larger and deeper with two teeth marks in order to determine the snake bite. If there are no teeth marks, and in 20 minutes there is no local pain, swelling, numbness and weakness and other symptoms, for the non-poisonous snake bites. Just need to clean the wound bleeding, bandaging. If the conditions can be sending the hospital a tetanus shot. The main symptoms of snakebite are: the case of hemorrhagic snake venom: wound burning, local swelling and proliferation, wound around the purpura, ecchymosis, blisters and a slurry of blood seeping from the wound, skin or, subcutaneous tissue necrosis, fever, nausea, vomiting, QiQiao bleeding. There is blood sputum, urine, blood pressure reduced, the pupil to narrow, cramps and so on. 6-48 hours after the bite may lead to an injured person dies. The case of nerve venom: wound pain, local swelling, lethargy, ataxia, ptosis, mydriasis, local weakness, swallowing, paralysis, stuttering, drooling, nausea, vomiting, coma, difficulty breathing and even respiratory failure. The injured may die within 8-72 hours. In general, were victims of snake bite after 10-20 minutes later, the symptoms come back to the coming into bei ng. After being bitten, seek time is the most important. First need to find a cloth belt or long shoelaces at the top of the wound near the heart of truss 5-10 minutes to ease the toxin spread. However, in order to prevent limb necrosis, every 10 minutes, relax for 2-3 minutes. Repeated application of cold water wash the wound surface of the venom. Then teeth marks as the center, with the sterile knife to cut into the skin wound cross. Then forced his hands squeezing, cupping, or 4-5 layer of gauze covering the wound, mouth forcefully separated gauze Xi Yun (the mouth can not have open wounds), as far as possible to suck out the venom within the wound. Snake venom solution immediately taking pills, and powder coated venom solution around the wound. Try to slow down action injured and quickly sent to a nearby hospital for treatment. (If they can not determine the kind of venom the snake should be killed, and be taken to the hospital.
竹林听雨57
1、Head injury（头部伤害）
If the head is swollen, you can apply cold compress, such as holding an ice pack to the wound.
如果头部肿了，可以应用冷压缩，比如拿冰袋敷在伤口处。
2、Noise bleed（流鼻血）
Use your fingers to hold both sides of your nose for 4-8 minutes, or use a cotton ball soaked in ice water to fill the nasal cavity with pressure to stop the bleeding.
用手指捏住两侧鼻翼4-8分钟，或者用浸了冰水的棉球填塞鼻腔压迫止血。
3、Burns（烧伤）
For burns,put the burn under cool running water.Then put a cool cloth on it.Do not put ice or anything else on the burn.
如果遇到烧伤，就用冷水冲洗伤口，然后再把一块凉布放在伤口上。不要在烧伤的伤口上放冰块或其他任何东西。
4、Bleeding（流血）
If the person is bleeding,try to stop it quickly.Put a clean cloth on the wound.If you do not have a cloth,use someones clothes.Hold the cloth on the wound for at least 20 minutes.This will stop most bleeding.If blood comes through the cloth,do not take it off the wound.Just place another cloth on top.
伤者如果有出血现象，就要设法赶紧止血。把一块干净的布放在伤口上，如果没有布，就用别人的衣服。把布压在伤口上至少20分钟，大部分的出血都能够止住。鲜血如果透过布而渗出来，不要把那块布拿掉，只要再加上另一块布就可以。
5、Choking（噎食）
If someones is choking,hit them on the back between their shoulders.If that does not work,get behind the person.Place your arms around him or her.Pull quickly and sharply to help them stop choking.
如果有人噎到了，就拍击他们肩膀之间的背部。如果这样没有效果，就站到那人的身后，伸出双臂抱住对方，然后迅速猛拉，从而挤出异物。
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