创兴门窗
重点句型和短语 一、 have fun doing sth. 【句型介绍】 意为\"做某事有乐趣\"，其中have fun 相当于enjoy oneself，表示过得愉快。 1. 英语中的集体名词，如family, class, team等作主语时，若作为一个整体看，其后的谓语动词用单数；若强调其组成成员，谓语动词用复数。如： My family is a happy one. 我家是个幸福的家庭。 My family are all watching TV. 我们全家人都在看电视。 2. 在比较级中，要注意than后面人称代词的格。 1）当句子中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，than后面的代词用主格还是宾格，在意思上通常没有区别。如： He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快。 They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他们每天都比我们到校早。 2)当句中的谓语动词是及物动词时，than后面的人称代词用主格还是宾格在意思上就有差别了。试比较： I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜欢你。 I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比，我更喜欢你。 3． 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，一般指一个还没有发生的动作。如： Do you have anything to say about this? 有关这件事你有没有什么要说的？ 4． 在比较句型中，than后面的谓语动词常常省略。也可以用相应的助动词来代替与前面相同的谓语动词，以避免重复。如： Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 汤姆功课比我好。 She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早饭吃得比我少。 5． You\'d better ... 是You had better ... 的缩写形式。 had better 为固定短语，意为\"最好......\"，后接动词原形，常用来提出建议或劝告，其否定形式是\"had better not + 动词原形\"。如： You\'d better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里呆得太久。 We had fun playing computer games. 我们玩电脑游戏很愉快。 【句式比较】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 访问那个国家你们快乐吗？ 【特别提醒】 句中fun为不可数名词，表乐趣，前面不能加不定冠词。 二、 But I don\'t know what to do. 【句型介绍】 疑问词 + 不定式可作主语、宾语或表语。 I don\'t know how to get her help. 我不知道怎样才能得到她的帮助。 Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. 我不知道去哪儿购买这种种子。 My question is when to leave for Tokyo. 我的问题是什么时候去东京。 【句式比较】 疑问词 + 不定式可转换成连词（原疑问词）引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。 I don\'t know where we can find her. 我不知道在哪儿能找到她。 How she will go there is still a secret. 她怎么去那里还是一个谜。 Her question is how she can pass the exam. 她的问题是她怎样才能通过这次考试。 【特别提醒】 疑问词 + 不定式转换成宾语从句时应用陈述语序。 三、 This is ... speaking. 【句型介绍】 该句为打电话用语，用来进行自我介绍，This代表我，speaking可以省去。 Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好，我是汤姆。 【句式比较】 Who is that (speaking)? 你是谁？that用来询问对方是谁，speaking可以省去。 Is that ... (speaking)? 你是......吗？that也用来询问对方是谁， speaking也可以省去。 This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? 我是玛丽，你是谁？ Is that Jane (speaking)? 你是詹妮吗？ 【特别提醒】 this不能换成I， that不能换成you。 四、 hear sb. / sth. doing 【句型介绍】 意为\"听见某人 / 物正在做......\"，句中doing为现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，强调一个过程。 Just then I heard someone crying \"Help! Help!\" 就在那时，我听见有人在喊\"救命啊！救命！\" 【句式比较】 hear sb. / sth. do sth. 听见某人 / 物做某事，句中do为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表动作已经结束，强调一个结果。 I heard him sing three songs. 我听见他唱了三首歌。 hear sb. / sth. done听见某人 / 物被......，done为动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，强调被动。 Do you often hear this song sung by him? 你经常听见他唱这首歌吗？ 【特别提醒】 在这些句型中的hear可换成see, feel, watch等感官动词。 初二1－7单元重点短语 作者：王宣玲 一、 名词短语 a waste of time 浪费（白费）时间 field trip 野外旅游 the day after tomorrow后天 Terra Cotta Warriors 兵马俑 Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 on Mid-autumn Day / Festival 在中秋节 二、 动词短语 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go hiking 去徒步旅行 go on a picnic 去野餐 trip over （被......）绊倒 hurry up 赶快 get home 回家 get together 相聚 agree with ... 同意......意见（想法）；符合 ask for 请求；询问 come up 走近；发生；上来；流行 come over 过来；抓住 三、 介、副词短语 in the open air 在户外；在野外 on time 准时 at the front / back of 在前 / 后面 in front of 在......前面 in the country 在乡下 in town 在城里 on the left /right side 在左 / 右边 up and down 上上下下；来来回回 四、 其它短语 (not) ... any more再也不；不能再...... all the same 仍然； 还是 had better (do) 最好（做......） 八年级8－14单元重点句型 作者：郝昌明 一、I\'m sorry to hear that. [句型介绍] 该句是对所听说的不幸事件的回答用语，含义为\"真遗憾；听到那件事我很难过\"。 -I didn\'t pass the exam. 我没通过这次考试。 -I\'m sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。 -My grandfather died yesterday. 我的祖父昨天去世了。 -I\'m sorry to hear that. 我很难过。 [知识拓展] 1. I\'m glad to hear that. 我真高兴听到那事。 -I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight\'s film. 我设法买到了今晚的电影票。 -I\'m （very） glad to hear that. 真替你高兴。 2. Congratulations. 恭喜你。 -I\'ve just married a beautiful girl. 我刚刚娶了一位漂亮姑娘。 -Congratulations. 恭喜你。 二、be good for [句型介绍] 意为\"有益于......\"， for后面接名词。 Is swimming good for your health？游泳有益于你的身体健康吗？ I think timely rain is good for the crops. 我认为适时地下雨对庄稼生长有好处。 [知识拓展] be good to 对......友好；be good at 擅长...... She is always good to me. 她对我一直很友好。 She is good at singing popular songs. 她擅长唱流行歌曲。 三、ask sb. for sth. [句型介绍] 意为\"向某人要某物\"，sb.与sth.位置不得颠倒。 Can I ask you for help？你能帮帮我吗？ To tell you the truth, when I have trouble, I always ask her for advice. 跟你说老实话，每当我有麻烦时总向她征求意见。 [知识拓展] ask for sth. 要求得到某物；ask for sb.要求见某人 Yesterday he asked me for money. 昨天他向我要钱。 Did anybody ask for me during my absence？我不在的时候有人找过我吗？ 四、be born in [句型介绍] 意为\"出生于\"，后接地点状语或时间状语。 He was born in a small town in 1995. 1995年他出生于一个小镇上。 In which city was he born in 1988？1988年他出生在哪一个城市？ [知识拓展] be born of出生于......家庭 It is said that he was born of a teacher\'s family. 据说他出生于教师的家庭。 五、good luck with sth. [句型介绍] 祝贺用语，with后面接事物名词。 Good luck with your exam. 祝你考试好运。 Good luck with your journey. 祝你旅途顺利。 [知识拓展] good luck to sb. 祝......好运 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 六、get married to [句型介绍] 意为\"和......结婚\"，强调动作，若不接宾语，应省to。 She got married to a foreigner last year. 去年她和一个老外结了婚。 Did she get married last year？她是去年结婚的吗？ [知识拓展] be married to \"和......结婚\"，强调状态。 She was married to Li Ping. 她嫁给了李平。 值得注意的是，get married to属终止性动词短语，不可和表示时间段的状语连用，但be married to却可以，因为它是持续性动词短语。 七、Would you like to ... ? [句型介绍] 该句用来提出请求，含义为\"你愿意......吗\"，to后面接动词原形。 Would you like to give me some help？你愿意给我提供一些帮助吗？ Would you like to repair this bike for me？你愿意为我修这辆自行车吗？ [知识拓展] Will / Would you please ...？please后面应接动词原形，含义为\"你愿意......吗\"。 Will you please water these flowers？请你给这些花浇水，好吗？ Would you please give me some money？你给我点儿钱，好吗？ 八、Thanks a lot for ... [句型介绍] 该句为感谢用语，含义为\"非常感谢......\"，也可说成Thank you very much for ...， for为介词，后面可接名词、代词、动名词。 Thanks a lot for your kind help.感谢您友好的帮助。 Thank you very much for coming to see me.感谢你来看我。 [知识拓展] be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事对某人感激 I\'m thankful to you for your kindness.感谢您的好意。 九、last from ... to ... [句型介绍] 意为\"从......持续到......\"，from和to后面均应接时间名词。 Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday. 我们的运动会将从星期五持续到星期日。 Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st. 他们的夏令营将从10月1日持续到11月1日。 [知识拓展] go on to ... 延续到...... 1、 Feel well/bad 2、 Wake up (somebody)—fall asleep 3、 As soon as 4、 Be busy doing/with something 5、 Stop doing/to do/somebody from doing 6、 Go down 7、 Have something to do 8、 Sleeping pills 9、 Be awake—be asleep 10、 Light music 11、 In the band 12、 Try something/doing something 13、 Try to do something 14、 A piece of music 15、 Again and again 16、 系动词：be/sound look seem smell taste feel/get turn become 17、 Look nice on 18、 Be/keep quiet 19、 Instead of something/doing 20、 Make trouble 21、 enough+名词/形容词或副词+enough 22、 Be thin/fat 23、 Nothing much wrong/nothing serious 24、 Look over 25、 At the weekend 26、 have been to+地点 27、 Land on 28、 Pull something out of/up from 29、 Keep something cool 30、 All by oneself=alone 31、 Perhaps=maybe 32、 No longer=no more=not any longer=not any more 33、 Get back/get something back 34、 Sooner or later 35、 Drop something 36、 Run after 37、 Run away 38、 Eat up 39、 On the bank 40、 A few--few 41、 A little--little 42、 A little=a bit 43、 Pass something to somebody=pass somebody something 44、 Help oneself to 45、 Hot food 46、 Seem to do/that 47、 Fast food 48、 Be popular with 49、 Enjoy/enjoy oneself 50、 Enjoy something/doing 51、 Have a taste/taste like 52、 In the city of 53、 Both of/both And B 54、 Either or/either of 55、 Neither nor/neither of 56、 Agree with/to 57、 With—with out 58、 Take away—home cooking 59、 Take a seat 60、 By the window 61、 Take one’s order 62、 Go/walk alone/up/down 63、 Go on 64、 Cross=go across 65、 Take the first crossing on the right=turn right at the first crossing 66、 At/in the corner 67、 Be sick/ill 68、 In hospital 69、 In the hospital 70、 Arrive at/in / get to / reach 71、 At the end of 72、 Feel like doing 73、 Look over 74、 Wake somebody up 75、 It takes somebody + time + to do 76、 Be wake—be strong 77、 Quite a long way 78、 Had better do/not do 79、 Be happy/sorry/sad to do 80、 Look around 81、 情态动词:can/can’t/may/must/mustn’t/have to 82、 Be sure about/of/to do/that 83、 In time/on time 84、 Make one’s way to 85、 The sign of 86、 Just then/just now 87、 Make a noise 88、 Stand a line 89、 Wait for one’s turn 90、 Stop doing/to do 91、 Jump the queue 92、 At the head of 93、 Laugh at 94、 Make a mistake 95、 Throw something about 96、 In fact 97、 At midnight 98、 Ring the door bell 99、 Complain about 100、 Quarrel with somebody 101、 Agree with somebody\\something 102、 Agree with something 103、 No longer (在句子中间) 104、 No more (在句子尾部) 105、 Not too bad 106、 Not at all 107、 在……时间之后 after (过去时)\\in (现在时) 108、 Wake somebody up 109、 Stop somebody from doing 110、 Spend on something 111、 Spend in doing 112、 So +助+主(做相同的事情) 113、 So+主+助(同意前者的说法) 参考资料： 1. Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如： The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。 She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。 The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。 2. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语) 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。 We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。 This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。 The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。 The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。 3. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如： You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。 Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。 She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。 I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。 4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如： Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb.； 2)动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb.。如： Please show me your picture. －Please show your picture to me. 请把你的画给我看一下。 I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don�t lose heart. —I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。 5. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。 We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如： The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。 新目标英语八年级上笔记 Review of Unit 1－6 I. language goals （语言目标） 1. Talk about how often you do things 谈论做事情的频率。 2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions. 谈论健康话题以及提出建议。 3. Talk about future plans. 谈论未来的计划/打算。 4. Talk about how to get to places. 谈论到达某地的方式。 5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons. 学会发出，接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因。 6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people. 学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们。 II. Key Phrases （重点短语）： 1. how often 多长时间一次 2. junk food 垃圾食品 3. a lot of 许多 4. hardly ever 很少 5. start with 以…开始 6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事 7. look after 照料 8. be kind of unhealthy 有点不健康 9. once a day 一天一次 10. twice a month 一个月两次 11. be good for 对…有好处 12. once in a while 偶尔 13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙医 14. get a cold / fever 感冒/发烧 15. have a stomachache 肚子疼 16. have a toothache 牙疼 17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼 18. lie down and rest 躺下休息 19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶 20. be stressed out 紧张 21. listen to … 听… 22. get tired 变的疲劳 23. keep healthy 保持健康 24. at the moment 此刻；目前 25. watch TV 看电视 26. play basketball 打篮球 27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹 28. visit my friend 拜访我的朋友 29. relax at home 在家放松 30. sports camp 运动野营 31. something interesting 32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing 去徒步旅行/野营/钓鱼/购物/观光 33. go away 离开 34. get back to school 返回学校 35. stay for a week 呆一个星期 36. go bike riding 骑自行车兜风 37. takes walks 散步 38. rent videos 租录像带 39. sleep a lot 睡得多 40. think about 考虑 41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane 乘地铁/公共车/小船/飞机 42. get to 到达 43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共车/飞机/小船 44. train / subway / bus station 火车/地铁/公共车站 45. bus ride 乘公共车的旅行 46. ride a bike 骑自行车 47. bus stop 公共汽车站 48. on foot 步行 49. leave for 离开去… 50. school bus 学校班车 51. the early bus 早班车 52. be different from 与…不同 53. half past six 六点半 54. in North America 在北美洲 55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐 56. need to do 需要做… 57. more than 多于 58. play soccer 踢足球 59. baseball game 棒球比赛 60. school team 校队 61. come over to 过来到… 62. the day after tomorrow 后天 63. be good at 擅长于… 64. two years ago 两年前 65. be outgoing 外向的 66. all the time 一直 67. in some ways 在一些方面 68. look the same 看起来一样 69. talk to everyone 与大家谈话 70. make me laugh 使我笑 III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型： Unit 1: 1. －What do you usually do on weekends? －I usually go to the movies. 2. －What does he sometimes do on weekends? －He sometimes surfs the Internet. 3. How often do you exercise? I exercise once a week. 4. How often does she eat vegetables? She eats vegetables three times a day. 5. Most of the students go to the beach every year. 6. It makes a big difference to my grades. 7. My eating habits are pretty good. Unit 2: 1. What’s the matter? What’s wrong? What’s the trouble? 2. I’m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat. /I have a lot of headaches. 3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist. You should drink some hot tea with honey. 4. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours. 5. Don’t get stressed out. It will make you sick. 6. I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well. Unit 3 1. －What is she doing for vacation? －She is babysitting her little sister. －That sounds nice / interesting. 2. －When are you going? －I’m going on Monday. 3. －Where are they going? －They are going to Tibet. 4. －Who is she going with? －She is going with her parents. 5. －How long is he staying. －He is staying for a week. 6. －How is the weather there? －I’m hoping the weather will be nice. 7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June. 8. Have a good time. Unit 4: 1. －How do you get to school? －I get to school by bus. 2. －How does he go to work? －He usually walks to school. 3. －How long does it take? －It takes about twenty minutes. 4. －How far is it from his home to school? －It’s three miles. 5. What do you think of the transportation in your town? Unit 5: 1. －Can you come to my party on Wednesday? －Sure, I’d love to. / I’m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson. 2. －Can she go to the movies on Saturday? －No, she can’t. She has to help her mom. 3. －Can you go to the concert on Monday?
兰兰110110
直接引语变间接引语一、如何变人称; 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如： 1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。 三、如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如： He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his. 四、如何变句型： ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner. ④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如： "Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. ⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, "I’m going to London with my father." 约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况： 1． 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 （1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?" →She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?" →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。 I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?" →I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He asked , "Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived. 3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）. The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open. [注意] （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, "Let’s go to the theatre." →He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked. →He asked me to open the window. "Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked . →he advised me to take a walk after supper. "Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. →He suggested listening to the music. 4.直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, "What a lovely day it is !" →She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 [注意] （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. （2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如： He said to me, "I was born in 1973." →He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl." →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如： He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." →He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如： The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , "I could swim when I was only six ." →He said that he could swim when he was only six. 6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。 指示代词 this ---that these--- those 表示时间的词 now --- then today--- that day this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc) yesterday ----the day before last week(month) --- the week(month) before three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before tomorrow ----the next (following ) day next week(month)--the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here --there 动词 bring -- take come --go
蓝水晶朵朵
记录所听英语课程信息，是我们在听课时应该做的笔记。下面是我给大家整理了初二英语听课笔记记录 方法 ，供大家参阅! 初二英语听课记录 范文 篇1 上午，来到**中学参加初三英语教研活动。参加本次活动的市镇中心英语教研组的成员和全镇初三英语老师。 本次活动首先听了六峰中学朱杰红老师的一杰初三教研课，然后，大家开展了积极的教研讨论活动，最后，曾衍明主任就初三英语复习工作做了一些工作部署。 下面是这节课的听课记录和听后随感。 Teaching procedure 1. 课前朗读，复习单词 2. Greetings ---- What's the weather like today? Sunny. 紧接着复习其他表示天气的单词。cloudy, rainy, sunny, windy, fine, etc. 然后，启发学生说出另外一些表示天气的单词：warm, cold, cool, hot, etc. 启发的方法是通过师生问答开展的。教师问：What's the weather will be like if it's rainy? 然后学生回答说：It'll be wet. 3. 由 It's a fine day. 复习感叹句的表达形式。 How fine the day is! 当这一句话学生表述存在问题的时候，教师及时通过 What a fine day it is ! 启发，并最终让学生顺利说出下面的 句子 ： How fine it is! 接着，进一步问道：如何赞扬一个人呢?引出下列单词：clever, smart, careful, hard, hard-working, 然后说： He is a hard-working student. I'll learn from him. 4. 朗读Lesson 60 课文内容，之后，通过看幻灯片，谈论图片内容;(感觉在这一过程中，教师中文组织教学太多。如：首先，我们见到图画中有什么?像这样的句子完全可以直接用英语组织进行。教师通过幻灯片呈现 故事 ，在故事的呈现中渗透语言知识，形式很好。如果能就图片提出一些目的性更强、有效性更高的问题就好了。)接着，教师继续由图片、话题引出。The dog is our best friend. We should take good care of it. 这两句话可否连起来呢?让学生说出：The dog is our best friend and we should take good care of it. 5. 检查上次 作文 情况并步入正题----初三升中专题复习，书面表达 在这一环节中，让学生做老师，阅读并修改作文，谈谈他们的好与不好到底何在，应当如何修改。 6. 朗读范文 听课意见与随想 总体感觉：朱老师在课堂教学中表现出了扎实的教学基本功和丰富的教学 经验 ，并展示出了教师关爱学生、循循善诱等方面的教学特点。特别是在知识的引入过程中，十分注重启发学生思维，并在这一过程中努力提高学生的 想象力 和益友语言知识的运用能力。 随想与建议： 1. 书面表达是语言学习过程中语言输出的部分。它不是被动的语言输入，而是积极的主动输出。可以说，书面表达对于初三的同学来说，是最难的一个能力项目了。 2. 思考：如何提高学生作文或书面表达能力呢? 我觉得：第一，应当给与学生足够正确的语言输入;第二，应当专设书面表达作文课。在作文课上教师亲自示范，并和学生一起作文。比如说在看图过程中，可以更好的启发学生如何看图、如何说图。(这样可以更好的深入到学生的思维内核。)当说图训练充分之后，在开展进行书面表达。第三，注意要点的把握。如时态准确、选字恰当、长短句问题、连接词问题等。第四，学生作文优秀的拿出示范，不佳的进行错误分析。在修改作文时需要考虑我们修改的标准是什么?显性和隐性的标准何在?同时，还可以结合考试标准中对书面表达的专门阐述，有所侧重地开展教学活动。 3. 从教学环节安排来看，个人觉得各环节小任务明确，但是，各个小任务与大任务的目标一致性方面还有待加强。 4. 关于口语语言输出的工作，有一个教学活动是否可以考虑：那就是课前给学生6-8个单词或 短语 ，让他们用这些词语说出一段 英语故事 。然后，在每节课上课开始的前三分钟可以让学生展示。在一定程度上对学生语言的输入会有所帮助。 5. 从这节课中的作文材料来看，随想到一个问题：那就是路见不平、拔刀相助的问题。这不是一个英语知识问题。需要考虑的是：当我们路见不平的时候，要不要拔刀相助，如何相助? He knew what was happening. He threw the bottle hard and quickly to the man. -------We should help people in trouble.----But how? 也许，就这样的话题，可以用英语开展更加深入地讨论(语言输出)。 初二英语听课记录范文篇2 课前板书 1. Do you like festival? 2. What kinds of festivals do you know in China? 3. Which festival do you like best? Why? 4. What does your family usually do to get ready for Spring Festival? Teaching procedure Before class Read the words in Module 2 During class: 1. Read the words and expressions in Module 2 2. Have a dictation of the words in Module 2 3. Ask and answer: Do you like festivals? What kinds of festivals do you know in China? Which festival do you like best? Why? What does your family usually do to get ready for Spring Festival? 4. Group work Divide the students into nine groups and the topic for them to discuss is: What does your family do to get ready for Spring Festival? 5. Talk about the pictures. 6. Match the phrases and the pictures. 7. Listen and read. 8. Finish Part 3 --- Choose the correct answer. 9.Homework 评课意见： 1、课前进教室，提前板书相关内容，为课堂教学顺利进行打下基础，并能有效的节省时间; 2、教学环节设计安排清晰明了，过渡自然。 3、能结合学校分组分享教学法和英语教学的学科特点，有效开展分组活动。如全班学生分成九个小组，共同讨论分享—What does your family usually do to get ready for Spring Festival? 在这一环节中学生能够积极参与，并能充分运用所学语言知识进行英语表达; 4、合理运用教学资源方面做得比较好。比如说教学挂图。教师能组织学生开展talk about the pictures 的教学活动。 5、每个教学环节在开展教学活动的时候，能够清晰准确地交代教学任务。如分组分享活动的任务是---Talk about what your family usually does to get ready for Spring Festival. 又如 Listen and Match 的任务是听录音材料，将相关短语划线;再如 Listen and read 部分，任务是回答下面问题。 What are Lingling and her family doing? What are the boys doing? What is Lingling doing? What is Lingling’s mother doing? 建议： 1、 各个环节的时间安排值得考虑 比如说复习阶段。教师基本上是组织学生集体朗读、教师升降调带读的形式，然后组织学生进行听写。整个过程完成时间7：50。也就是说，从7：40到7：50，复习阶段花费了十分钟的时间。 结合自己前两天的课堂教学情况进行思考，觉得复习阶段是每一堂课的常规环节，应当常抓不懈;复习阶段的内容选择应当有的放矢，充分结合新授课内容;复习环节的时间分配不应当喧宾夺主; 复习的形式应该是多种多样的。而不一定每次都是朗读、听写。 又如：教学活动开始之后，教师组织学生进行关于节日方面的问答，并开展分组分享活动，在分组活动完毕之后，又组织进行分享。在这一过程中学生能够运用小组讨论的集体力量，大胆运用英语表达，为下阶段教学做了很好的铺垫，效果好。教师在这一过程中能有效地将学生的答案板书，便于新授课的引入，同时，在分享的过程中能够分组答题情况，适时开展评价活动。需要引起重视的还是时间。这个环节结束的时间是8：05。 还如：第八页的第一个环节Match the pictures and the phrases 结束的时间是 8：14。 从上面几个环节来看，课堂教学的重要部分 Listen and read 目前只剩下10来分钟的时间了。而这是明显不够的。 2、 教学挂图是一个非常有效的教学辅助。但利用的还是不够充分。不论是挂图的“挂”，还是talk about the pictures，都还有很大的空间可为; 3、 教师课堂英语组织教学方面，可是适当多些英语，少些汉语。同时，注意语音语调。如：festival的读音等。又如：我们听一遍，边听边跟读。好不好?再如：我们接着听下面这段对话，将你听到的短语划线。好不好?类似这样的内容，教师完全可以通过英语组织完成。 4、 板书的书写和设计还可以精益求精。比如说版面的设计，比如说字母L 的大小写形式。 5、 语言知识的专项练习是否可以适当增加。如关于现在进行时的内容—不仅课本内的活动设计合理，而且，workbook中也有相关内容。教师可以更好的利用已有内容开展教学活动。 初二英语听课记录范文篇3 听课班级：青杠中学8年级2班 授课教师：Miss Lin 课题：8年级1单元语法点 课型：复习课 教学目标：让同学们熟练地掌握现在完成时态的用法以及倒装句的用法 教学方法 ：认知法 教学重点：现在完成时态的结构及使用情况 教学过程：1，教师在greeting之后，领读单词，同学们跟读。同时教师纠正同学们易犯的清辅音浊化和忽略重音的问题。 2，进入正题，列举课文例句，说明现在完成时态的结构。 A, 现在完成时的三种句型：一般句型，特殊疑问句型，一般疑问句型。 B, 现在完成时的使用情况：have gone to/ have been to/ have been in C, 用现在完成时表示一段时间的句子结构：for+一段时间 since+一般过去时的句子/ 过去的时间点/ 过去一段时间+ago，以及在这种情况下短暂动词变为延续性动词的知识点。 D, 副词在现在完成时中的使用，逐一介绍yet just ever never already before，并举例说明。 3，介绍倒装句：举例说明完全倒装与不完全倒装。特别强调了so do I/neither do I，do可以是be动词、情态动词和助动词。 课堂评价：1，教师首先巩固学过的单词，教学过程由浅到深，易于学生循序渐进地掌握知识点。将语法点与例句相结合，生动形象，从而达到事半功倍的效果。 2，教师的板书思维严密，逻辑性强，浅显易懂。便于带动学生的思维跟着教师走。 3，课堂上师生间的互动缺乏，从而导致学习氛围不是很浓厚。教师应该给学生更多的鼓励，培养学生的学习兴趣。 听课班级：青杠中学8年级7班 授课教师：Miss Liu 课题：8年级5单元的词汇及相关语法 课型：复习课 教学目标：让同学们巩固之前学过的表达颜色的词汇，并知道怎样提问和回答。 教学方法：认知法 教学重点：英语中表达color的词汇和怎么询问一个事物的颜色。 教学过程：1，做listening dictation，巩固上一堂课学的color的词汇，并带领学生跟读。 2，教师用不同颜色的卡片和学生互动，逐一介绍各种色彩的英文词汇，并让学生跟读。教师问学生答，What color is it? It’s orange. 3，为了巩固颜色问答的这个句式，教师将全班分为两个大组，教师抽出不同颜色的卡片，让一边提问，一边回答。 4，放磁带，听dialouge，教师询问学生dialogue的主要内容。并让学生跟着教师一起朗读dialogue。 5，分析dialogue中的主要语法点。Come from=be from并举例说明。 课堂评价：1，师生互动活跃，从而带动了课堂的学习气氛。 2，教师通过卡片的具体颜色来逐一介绍英语中表达各种色彩的词汇，非常形象，易于学生掌握。 3，教师在正式上课前首先听写上一节课学过的单词，从而使学生们进入了课堂学习的状态，为之后的互动打好了铺垫。 4，教师的Spoken English相对薄弱，有些单词的发音不到位，语言的流畅性也比较欠缺。 看过初二英语听课记录笔记的人还看了： 1. 初二英语听课记录范文 2. 初二英语听课记录相关范文 3. 初中英语听课记录范文 4. 小学英语听课记录范文 5. 高中英语听课记录范文
