高中英语三大难点

重点1.句子的成分和种类2.状语、定语、名词性从句3.重点词汇和句型难点1.翻译的技巧2.时态（含现在完成进行时和将来完成时）及语态（含主动表被动）一、英语简单句的五种基本结构S+V是主谓S+V+DO 是主谓加双宾S+V+P是主谓宾S(主语)＋V(谓语)＋ I(间接宾语)＋D(直接宾语)S(主语)＋V(动词)＋O (宾语)＋Complement(补语)1. Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。2. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。3. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb.； 2)动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb.。如：Please show me your picture.－Please show your picture to me.请把你的画给我看一下。I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart.—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。5. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。二、英语句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he?Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys.   Don’t talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。He often reads English in the morning.  Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。英语从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句),定语从句和状语从句等。The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.小练习判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.3. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?三、英语句子成分分析1、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)附带复习一下it 作形式主语的一些用法: 当主语部分太长时为了句子平衡采用it作形式主语。所谓形式是指句子的真正主语将在句子末段出现1.it is+名词+从句 :It is a surprise that you give such an answer to this question.2. it is +形容词+从句: It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.3. It +动词+从句: It appeared that he had a taste for music.4. It be +分词+从句:It is said that Li Tao has been to Europe.2、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征We study English. He is asleep.3、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， fee l(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom loo

重点吧，我觉得考试肯定会考三大从句，逃不了的。（定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句）。其中定语从句是比较难懂得。其他的话还好。还有虚拟语气怎么表达，那些动词后面要接虚拟语气。还有强调句，倒装句（部分倒装，全部倒装）。。还有一些固定搭配的词什么的。挺多的。。我觉得你应该做几套联系，发现自己的薄弱点，根据自己的薄弱点，找然后通过查找资料去弥补。。。。平时多多看下错题。。语法书的话，不建议全部看。。看自己最薄弱的点。然后做练习，多查漏补缺

一个问题是生词量太大，从初中到高中，生词量有比较明显的增加。另外一个，教材话题词汇复现率比较低。某一个话题在某一个单元讲完之后，就很难在后边的内容中有足够的复现，大家都应该知道词汇的学习，复现非常非常重要，那么生词量本来就很大，复现率又很低，这确实对学生的学习构成一个很大的问题。这是从教材的角度来看存在的一个难点。从学生来看，相当一部分的学生词汇量非常小，而且他们不愿意记单词，我想很多老师都应当碰到过。词汇量小的原因很多，尤其是小学和初中阶段积累不够。而不愿意背单词，我个人认为是一个正常的人性的反映。任何一个正常人，我觉得都不会把背单词，当成一个很有乐趣的学习活动来对待。关于这个问题，我下边会专门讲到。那么从老师来说，有另外一个难点，就是不知道怎样去选择。哪些词应该讲？哪些词不该讲？老师们会说我讲重难点高频词，这当然是一个方法。老师面对的第三个难点是不知道如何把握词汇讲解的深度和广度。在后边的实际教学的案例当中，我会给大家分享老师在实际操作的具体案例当中碰到的和我看到的一些讲解上的困难和问题。这里边对老师来说最核心的一个东西就是一个词到底讲到什么程度。它相关的搭配，相关的这些词型的变形，以及同义词，或者多义词的辨析到底怎么掌握？这也是老师们在教学当中一个非常重要的难点。

买本语法书，最好带练习的