七夕节的风俗英语

中国的七夕节的英文是Chinese Valentine's Day 以下是2005年chinadaily网站有关七夕节的英文介绍： Raise your head on August 4 and gaze at the stars, you will find something romantic going on in the sky. VALENTINE'S Day in China, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, falls on August 4 this year. That is, on Monday evening, Niu Lang and Zhi Nu will meet on a bridge of magpies（鹊桥） across the Milky Way（银河）. Chinese grannies will remind children that they would not be able to see any magpies on that evening because all the magpies have left to form a bridge in the heavens with their wings. Romantic legend The legend has been handed down for nearly 2 millennia. The story has been recorded as far back as the Jin Dynasty (256-420 AD). Poets composed hundreds of verses on the love story and many types of Chinese opera tell the story. The Chinese people believe that the star Vega（织女星）, east of the Milky Way, is Zhi Nu and, at the constellation of Aquila（天鹰座）, on the western side of the Milky Way, Niu Lang waits for his wife. Zhi Nu was said to be the youngest of seven daughters of the Queen of Heaven. With her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while Niu Lang was a poor orphan cowherd, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife. Niu Lang lamented over his lonely and poor life with an old cow, his only friend and companion. The magical cow kindly told him of a way to find a beautiful and nice woman as his life companion. Under the direction of the cow, Niu Lang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe. He took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. When the fairies left the water, the youngest couldn't find her clothes and had to see her sisters fly back to heaven without her. Then Niu Lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, Zhi Nu, to stay with him. Several years passed on Earth, which were only a few days in heaven. Niu Lang and Zhi Nu lived happily together and had two children before the Queen of Heaven discovered Zhi Nu's absence. She was so annoyed she had Zhi Nu brought back to heaven. Seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, Niu Lang was terrified. He caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. The magical cow had told him before dying of old age: "Keep the cowhide（牛皮） for emergency use." Putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children. With the help of the cowhide, Niu Lang was able to follow Zhi Nu into heaven. He was about to reach his wife when the Queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. The line became the Silver River in heaven, or the Milky Way. Zhi Nu went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. But she was so sad, and missed her husband across the Silver River so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. Finally, the Queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the Silver River. Well-known poem One of the most famous poems about the legend was written by Qin Guan of in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Fairy Of The Magpie Bridge Among the beautiful clouds, Over the heavenly river, Crosses the weaving maiden. A night of rendezvous, Across the autumn sky. Surpasses joy on earth. Moments of tender love and dream, So sad to leave the magpie bridge. Eternal love between us two, Shall withstand the time apart. (Translated by Kylie Hsu) 鹊桥仙 宋·秦观 织云弄巧 飞星传恨 银汉迢迢暗度 金风玉露一相逢 便胜却人间无数 柔情似水 佳期如梦 忍顾鹊桥归路 两情若是久长时 又岂在朝朝暮暮 Compared with love stories in Western legends, the story of Niu Lang and Zhi Nu seems not as intense or passionate. Love doesn't kill or break up the barrier between them. They just wait patiently on the riverbank, believing that their love can withstand their time apart. It is faith and emotional liaison instead of physical attraction and desire that is emphasized in the story as well as in many other Chinese folktales（民间故事） about love. In only a few Chinese folk love stories can be found a description of the physical appearances of the hero and heroine. In the "Butterfly Lovers", the heroine, dressed as a boy to attend school, falls in love with a classmate. After they have lived together as classmates for years, the hero did not have the slightest clue that his best friend is actually a girl! Chinese ceremonies The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the only Chinese festival devoted to love in the Lunar calendar. Unlike St. Valentine's Day in Western countries there is not so much emphasis on giving chocolates, flowers and kisses. Instead, Chinese girls prepare fruits, melons and incense（熏香） as offerings to Zhi Nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft（裁缝）, as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands. In the evening, people sit outdoors to observe the stars. Chinese grannies would say that, if you stand under a grapevine, you can probably overhear what Zhi Nu and Niu Lang are talking about.

Two Chinese Valentine's Days in a year Chinanews Anthony Chinanews, Beijing, July 31 - Today in the 7th day of the 7th month in the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, the Seventh Evening of the Seventh Month Festival, which is considered as the Chinese Valentine's Day, a sweethearts day. However, what is sweeter is that there will be a second Seventh Evening of the Seventh Month Festival on August 30, as there is a intercalary seventh month this year. The last time when there were two Seventh Evening of the Seventh Month Festivals in a year was in 1968.The Seventh Evening of the Seventh Month Festival, also known as the Needlework's Day or Girl's Day, on which girls pray to the Weaving-Maid for her blessing on their needlework, and of which the most romantic part is the love story between Weaving-Maid and Cowherd.It is said that Cowherd from the mundane world and Weaving-Maid from heaven loved each other. They were separated by the Milky Way at the order of the Queen Mother of the Western Heaven, and were permitted to meet only once a year. Cowherd and Weaving-Maid became the stars Altair and Vega. They would meet on the seventh night of the seventh lunar month every year, with the magpies making a bridge to help them cross the Milky Way. People regarded the date of wedding as " meeting of stars " so far. Their beautiful tale has touched the hearts of so many young lovers in China throughout the ages, thus every year on the Seventh Evening of the Seventh Month Festival, many lovers would prey to the two stars for love and happiness.Two Seventh Evening of the Seventh Month Festivals in a year is more than good news to lovers, but why? That is because the traditional Chinese lunar calendar is based on the syzygies of the moon, and there are only 355 or 354 days in a year, 11 days less than a solar year. The solution to this problems is to add seven intercalary months every 19 years, thus in 2006 an intercalary seventh month is added, making two Seventh Evening of the Seventh Month Festivals. 参考

圣诞节的由来英文版 the name christmas is short for "christ\’s mass". a mass is a kind of church service. christmas is a religious festival. it is the day we celebrate as the birthday of jesus. there are special christmas services in christian churches all over the world. but many of the festivities of christmas do not have anything to do with religion. exchanging gifts and sending christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the christmas in the world. the birth of jesus had a story: in nazareth, a city of galilee. the virgin\’s name was mary was betrothed to joseph. before they came together, she was found with child of the holy spirit. joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. while he thought about these things, gabriel, an angel of the lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take mary as wife. and mary will bring forth a son, and he shall call his name, jesus, for he will save his people from their sins. before jesus births, joseph and mary came to quirnius was governing syria. so all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. joseph also went up out of galilee, out of the city of nazareth, into judea, to the city of david, which is called bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of david, to be registered with mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. so it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to bedelivered. and she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. and that, christmas is the feast of the nativity of jesus, is on 25th, december every year. but nobody know the actual birthday of jesus. and the christmas has become popular when christmas cards appeared in 184

这回答的也太好了，很满意

七夕节的简介 在我国，农历七月初七的夜晚，天气温暖，草木飘香，这就是人们俗称的七夕节，也有人称之为“乞巧节”或“女儿节”，这是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日，也是过去姑娘们最为重视的日子。 在晴朗的夏秋之夜，天上繁星闪耀，一道白茫茫的银河横贯南北，争河的东西两岸，各有一颗闪亮的星星，隔河相望，遥遥相对，那就是牵牛星和织女星。 七夕坐看牵牛织女星，是民间的习俗，相传，在每年的这个夜晚，是天上织女与牛郎在鹊桥相会之时。织女是一个美丽聪明、心灵手巧的仙女，凡间的妇女便在这一天晚上向她乞求智慧和巧艺，也少不了向她求赐美满姻缘，所以七月初七也被称为乞巧节。 人们传说在七夕的夜晚，抬头可以看到牛郎织女的银河相会，或在瓜果架下可偷听到两人在天上相会时的脉脉情话。 女孩们在这个充满浪漫气息的晚上，对着天空的朗朗明月，摆上时令瓜果，朝天祭拜，乞求天上的女神能赋予她们聪慧的心灵和灵巧的双手，让自己的针织女红技法娴熟，更乞求爱情婚姻的姻缘巧配。过去婚姻对于女性来说是决定一生幸福与否的终身大事，所以，世间无数的有情男女都会在这个晚上，夜静人深时刻，对着星空祈祷自己的姻缘美满。 七夕的由来与传说 七夕乞巧，这个节日起源于汉代，东晋葛洪的《西京杂记》有“汉彩女常以七月七日穿七孔针于开襟楼，人俱习之”的记载，这便是我们于古代文献中所见到的最早的关于乞巧的记载。后来的唐宋诗词中，妇女乞巧也被屡屡提及，唐朝王建有诗说“阑珊星斗缀珠光，七夕宫娥乞巧忙”。据《开元天宝遗事》载：唐太宗与妃子每逢七夕在清宫夜宴，宫女们各自乞巧，这一习俗在民间也经久不衰，代代延续。 宋元之际，七夕乞巧相当隆重，京城中还设有专卖乞巧物品的市场，世人称为乞巧市。宋罗烨、金盈之辑《醉翁谈录》说：“七夕，潘楼前买卖乞巧物。自七月一日，车马嗔咽，至七夕前三日，车马不通行，相次壅遏，不复得出，至夜方散。”在这里，从乞巧市购买乞巧物的盛况，就可以推知当时七夕乞巧节的热闹景象。人们从七月初一就开始办置乞巧物品，乞巧市上车水马龙、人流如潮，到了临近七夕的时日、乞巧市上简直成了人的海洋，车马难行，观其风情，似乎不亚于最盛大的节日--春节，说明乞巧节是古人最为喜欢的节日之一。 关于牛郎织女的传说 七夕节始终和牛郎织女的传说相连，这是一个很美丽的，千古流传的爱情故事，成为我国四大民间爱情传说之一 。 相传在很早以前，南阳城西牛家庄里有个聪明．忠厚的小伙子，父母早亡，只好跟着哥哥嫂子度日，嫂子马氏为人狠毒，经常虐待他，逼他干很多的活，一年秋天，嫂子逼他去放牛，给他九头牛，却让他等有了十头牛时才能回家，牛郎无奈只好赶着牛出了村。 牛郎独自一人赶着牛进了山，在草深林密的山上，他坐在树下伤心，不知道何时才能赶着十头牛回家，这时，有位须发皆白的老人出现在他的面前，问他为何伤心，当得知他的遭遇后，笑着对他说：“别难过，在伏牛山里有一头病倒的老牛，你去好好喂养它，等老牛病好以后，你就可以赶着它回家了。 牛郎翻山越岭，走了很远的路，终于找到了那头有病的老牛，他看到老牛病得厉害，就去给老牛打来一捆捆草，一连喂了三天，老牛吃饱了，才抬起头告诉他：自己本是天上的灰牛大仙，因触犯了天规被贬下天来，摔坏了腿，无法动弹。自己的伤需要用百花的露水洗一个月才能好，牛郎不畏辛苦，细心地照料了老牛一个月，白天为老牛采花接露水治伤，晚上依偎在老年身边睡觉，到老牛病好后，牛郎高高兴兴赶着十头牛回了家。 回家后，嫂子对他仍旧不好，曾几次要加害他，都被老牛设法相救，嫂子最后恼羞成怒把牛郎赶出家门，牛郎只要了那头老牛相随。 一天，天上的织女和诸仙女一起下凡游戏，在河里洗澡，牛郎在老牛的帮助下认识了织女，二人互生情意，后来织女便偷偷下凡，来到人间，做了牛郎的妻子。织女还把从天上带来的天蚕分给大家，并教大家养蚕，抽丝，织出又光又亮的绸缎。 牛郎和织女结婚后，男耕女织，情深意重，他们生了一男一女两个孩子，一家人生活得很幸福。但是好景不长，这事很快便让天帝知道，王母娘娘亲自下凡来，强行把织女带回天上，恩爱夫妻被拆散。 牛郎上天无路，还是老牛告诉牛郎，在它死后，可以用它的皮做成鞋，穿着就可以上天。牛郎按照老牛的话做了，穿上牛皮做的鞋，拉着自己的儿女，一起腾云驾雾上天去追织女，眼见就要追到了，岂知王母娘娘拔下头上的金簪一挥，一道波涛汹涌的天河就出现了，牛郎和织女被隔在两岸，只能相对哭泣流泪。他们的忠贞爱情感动了喜鹊，千万只喜鹊飞来，搭成鹊桥，让牛郎织女走上鹊桥相会，王母娘娘对此也无奈，只好允许两人在每年七月七日于鹊桥相会。 后来，每到农历七月初七，相传牛郎织女鹊桥相会的日子，姑娘们就会来到花前月下，抬头仰望星空，寻找银河两边的牛郎星和织女星，希望能看到他们一年一度的相会，乞求上天能让自己能象织女那样心灵手巧，祈祷自己能有如意称心的美满婚姻，由此形成了七夕节。 乞巧七夕的习俗 七夕节最普遍的习俗，就是妇女们在七月初七的夜晚进行的各种乞巧活动。 乞巧的方式大多是姑娘们穿针引线验巧，做些小物品赛巧，摆上些瓜果乞巧，各个地区的乞巧的方式不尽相同，各有趣味。 在山东济南、惠民、高青等地的乞巧活动很简单，只是陈列瓜果乞巧，如有喜蛛结网于瓜果之上，就意味着乞得巧了。而鄄城、曹县、平原等地吃巧巧饭乞巧的风俗却十分有趣：七个要好的姑娘集粮集菜包饺子，把一枚铜钱、一根针和一个红枣分别包到三个水饺里，乞巧活动以后，她们聚在一起吃水饺，传说吃到钱的有福，吃到针的手巧，吃到枣的早婚。 有些地方的乞巧节的活动，带有竞赛的性质，类似古代斗巧的风俗。近代的穿针引线、蒸巧悖悖、烙巧果子、还有些地方有做巧芽汤的习俗，一般在七月初一将谷物浸泡水中发芽，七夕这天，剪芽做汤，该地的儿童特别重视吃巧芽，以及用面塑、剪纸、彩绣等形式做成的装饰品等就是斗巧风俗的演变。而牧童则会在七夕之日采摘野花挂在牛角上，叫做“贺牛生日”（传说七夕是牛的生日）。 诸城、滕县、邹县一带把七夕下的雨叫做“相思雨”或“相思泪”，因为是牛郎织女相会所致。胶东，鲁西南等地传说这天喜鹊极少，都到天上搭鹊桥去了。 在今日浙江各地仍有类似的乞巧习俗。如杭州、宁波、温州等地，在这一天用面粉制各种小型物状，用油煎炸后称“巧果”，晚上在庭院内陈列巧果、莲蓬、白藕、红菱等。女孩对月穿针，以祈求织女能赐以巧技，或者捕蜘蛛一只，放在盒中，第二天开盒如已结网称为得巧。 而在绍兴农村，这一夜会有许多少女一个人偷偷躲在生长得茂盛的南瓜棚下，在夜深人静之时如能听到牛郎织女相会时的悄悄话，这待嫁的少女日后便能得到这千年不渝的爱情。 为了表达人们希望牛郎织女能天天过上美好幸福家庭生活的愿望，在浙江金华一带，七月七日家家都要杀一只鸡，意为这夜牛郎织女相会，若无公鸡报晓，他们便能永远不分开。 在广西西部，传说七月七日晨，仙女要下凡洗澡，喝其澡水可避邪治病延寿。此水名“双七水”，人们在这天鸡鸣时，争先恐后地去河边取水，取回后用新瓮盛起来，待日后使用。 广州的乞巧节独具特色，节日到来之前，姑娘们就预先备好用彩纸、通草、线绳等，编制成各种奇巧的小玩艺，还将谷种和绿豆放入小盒里用水浸泡，使之发芽，待芽长到二寸多长时，用来拜神，称为“拜仙禾”和“拜神菜”。从初六晚开始至初七晚，一连两晚，姑娘们穿上新衣服，戴上新首饰，一切都安排好后，便焚香点烛，对星空跪拜，称为“迎仙”，自三更至五更，要连拜七次。 拜仙之后，姑娘们手执彩线对着灯影将线穿过针孔，如一口气能穿七枚针孔者叫得巧，被称为巧手，穿不到七个针孔的叫输巧。七夕之后，姑娘们将所制作的小工艺品、玩具互相赠送，以示友情。 在福建，七夕节时要让织女欣赏、品尝瓜果，以求她保佑来年瓜果丰收。供品包括茶、酒、新鲜水果、五子（桂圆、红枣、榛子、花生、瓜子）、鲜花和妇女化妆用的花粉以及一个上香炉。一般是斋戒沐浴后，大家轮流在供桌前焚香祭拜，默祷心愿。女人们不仅乞巧，还有乞子、乞寿、乞美和乞爱情的。而后，大家一边吃水果，饮茶聊天，一边玩乞巧游戏，乞巧游戏有两种：一种是“卜巧”，即用卜具问自己是巧是笨；另一种是赛巧，即谁穿针引线快，谁就得巧，慢的称“输巧”，“输巧”者要将事先准备好的小礼物送给得巧者。 有的地区还组织“七姐会”，各地区的“七姐会”聚集在宗乡会馆摆下各式各样鲜艳的香案，遥祭牛郎织女，“香案”都是纸糊的，案上摆满鲜花、水果、胭脂粉、纸制小型花衣裳、鞋子、日用品和刺绣等，琳琅满目。不同地区的“七姐会”便在香案上下工夫，比高下，看谁的制作精巧。今天，这类活动已为人遗忘，只有极少数的宗乡会馆还在这个节日设香案，拜祭牛郎织女。香案一般在七月初七就备妥，傍晚时分开始向织女乞巧。 七夕乞巧的应节食品，以巧果最为出名。巧果又名“乞巧果子”，款式极多。主要的材料是油、面、糖、蜜。《东京梦华录》中称之为“笑厌儿”、“果食花样”，图样则有捺香、方胜等。宋朝时，街市上已有七夕巧果出售，巧果的做法是：先将白糖放在锅中熔为糖浆，然后和入面粉、芝麻，拌匀后摊在案上捍薄，晾凉后用刀切为长方块，最后折为梭形巧果胚，入油炸至金黄即成。手巧的女子，还会捏塑出各种与七夕传说有关的花样。 此外，乞巧时用的瓜果也有多种变化：或将瓜果雕成奇花异鸟，或在瓜皮表面浮雕图案；此种瓜果称为“花瓜”。 直到今日，七夕仍是一个富有浪漫色彩传统节日。但不少习俗活动已弱化或消失，惟有象征忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说，一直流传民间。