初中英语难点解析

英语语法知识难点（一）（一） 形容词和副词I． 要点A． 形容词1、 形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.2、 形容词比较等级的形式（1） 规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the)most important（2） 不规则形式good (well)-better-bestbad (ill)-worse-worstmany (much)-more-mostlittle-less-least（3） 形容词比较等级的用法①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：He is as tall as I.I have as many books as you.④ 越… 越…例如：The more I learn the happier I am.⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。⑦ My English is no better than yours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B．副词1、 副词的种类（1） 时间副词 如：ago before already just now early late finally tomorrow等（2） 地点副词 如：here there near around in out up down back away outside等。（3） 方式副词 如：carefully angrily badly calmly loudly quickly politely nervously等。（4） 程度副词 如：almost nearly much greatly a bit a little hardly so very等。2、 副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.We must work harder.3、 某些副词在用法上的区别（1） already yet stillalready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：We've already watched that film.I haven't finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.（2） too as well also eithertoo as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.He didn't go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.(3) hard hardlyhardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.(4) late latelylately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lately?II． 例题例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____A high enough B tall enoughC enough high C enough tall解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall 而建筑物的高用high并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例3"I haven't been to London yet"."I haven't been there ____".A too B also C either D neither解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。（二） 介词I． 要点1、介词和种类（1） 简单介词，常用的有at in on about across before beside for to without等。（2） 复合介词，如by means of along with because of in front of instead of等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系（1） 和动词的搭配，如agree with ask for belong to break away from care about等。（2） 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of angry with different from good at（3） 和名词的搭配，如answer to key to reason for cause of visit to等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right just badly all well directly completely等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例（1） at on in（表时间）表示时间点用at如at four o'clock at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at如at that time at Christmas等。指某天用on 如on Monday on the end of November 指某天的朝夕用on如on Friday morning on the afternoon of September lst等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in如in the afternoon in February in Summer in 1999等。（2） between among（表位置）between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between 如I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.（3） beside besidesbeside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?（4）in the tree on the treein the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上（5）on the way in the way by the way in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法（6）in the corner at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外（7）in the morning on the morningin the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨（8）by bus on the busby bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车II． 例题例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides 意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.A on B at C in D during解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.A to B in C at D on解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。（三） 连词I． 要点1、 连词的种类（1） 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and for or both…and either…or neither…nor等。（2） 从属连词用来引导从句，如that if whether when after as soon as等。除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。2、 常用连词举例(1)and 和，并且They drank and sang all night.(2) both…and 和， 既…也…Both my parents and I went there.(3) but 但是，而I'm sad but he is happy.(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…Either you're wrong or I am.(5) for因为I asked him to stay for I had something to tell him.(6) however 然而，可是Af first he didn't want to go there. Later however he decided to go.(7) neither…nor 既不…也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…He not only sings well but also dances well.(9) or 或者，否则Hurry up or you'll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?(10) so 因此，所以It's getting late so I must go.(11) although 虽然Although it was late they went on working.(12) as soon as 一 …就I'll tell him as soon as I see him.(13) because 因为He didn't go to school because he was ill.（14）unless 除非，如果不I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.（15）until 直到…He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)He stayed there until eleven.（16）while 当…时候，而 (表示对比)While I stayed there I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)My pen is red while his is blue.（17）for 因为He was ill for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)（18）since自从…I have lived here since my uncle left.（19）hardly… when 一… 就I had hardly got to the station when the train left.（20）as far as 就… 来说As far as I know that country is very small.You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)II． 例题例1 John plays football ____ if not better than David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter ____ in fact I was talking about my daughter.A when B where C which D while解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。

有关于初中生的 英语学习 ，大家有什么好建议吗?接下来，我给大家准备了 九年级英语 单元重难点解析,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

九年级英语单元重难点解析

一、疑点难点

1.For your next vacation，why not consider visiting Paris?下次度假，你何不考虑去巴黎呢?

疑点：1)Why not do…是why don’t you do…的省略形式，常用来表达建议或邀请。

如：Why not go to the Summer Palace for our vacation?为什么不去颐和园度假呢?

难点：英语中表示建议的方式还有许多，学习中要仔细区分。

如：Would you like to go hiking1 with us at weekend?

Shall we have a walk after supper?

Let’s go shopping.

How about/ What about playing basketball instead?

疑点：2)consider doing sth.考虑做某事

如：I first considered calling him，then I gave up.开始我考虑给他打电话，后来放弃了。

难点：consider 的后面可以跟多种结构，都用来表示“考虑、细想”之意。如:consider sb./sth.+宾语补足语;consider sb. to be +宾语补足语;consider+从句

如：I considered him my best friend./Tom considered this answer wrong.

I considered her to be a clever girl./ I considered that she was a clever girl.

2. I’d like to trek2 through the jungle，because I like exciting vacations.我要到丛林里去长途旅行，因为我喜欢刺激的度假方式。

疑点：trek through意思为“从…中穿过、在…中长途跋涉”

如：During the Long March，all the soldiers trekked3 through the jungles and grass，at last they succeeded in getting to the destination.

难点：through和across都有“穿过、通过”的意思across表示某一动作是在某一物体的表面进行;through表示动作发生在立体空间，四面八方都有东西。

如：I swam across the river.They walked through the forest.

3.And quite a few said they dream of going to the moon one day.许多人说他们梦想有一天会登上月球。

疑点：few意为“几乎没有几个”，表示否定;a few表示“有些、几个”，表示肯定;quite a few=many表示“许多”。

如：I have eaten quite a few apples today.=I have eaten many apples today.

难点：quite a little=much表示“许多”，修饰不可数名词。

如：Fat persons often eat quite a little meat.

4.We need to come up with a plan.我们需要做出个计划。

疑点：句中的need是实义动词，表示“需要”，后接动词不定式。need后面也可跟V-ing，表示“某事需要被别人做”。

如：I need to go there as quickly as possible.我需要尽快去那儿一趟。

My bike needs mending .我的自行车需要 修理 了。

难点：在否定句和疑问句中，need还可以用作情态动词，后接动词原形。

如：I needn’t tell him the bad news.=I don’t need to tell him the bad news.

5. Not only do I feel good about helping4 other people，but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.不仅我觉得帮助别人是好的，而且我还将时间花在做我喜欢做的事情上。

疑点：not only…but also意为“不但…而且…”，是一组并列连词，连接两个相同的 句子 成分或两个句子。连接两个句子时，当not only位于句首时，第一个分句要到装。

如：Not only do I know his name，but also I know his father’s name.

难点：如果not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的一个保持一致。

如：Not only his parents but also he speaks Japanese well.

二、重点讲解

1.provide sb. with sth.;provide sth. for sb.向某人提供某物，供给

如：My parents provide me with food and drink.

This firm provided5 a big house for the old man.

Provide还可以构成如下 短语 ：provide for sb.供给某人生活所需;provide for sth. 为某事可能发生做准备;provide against sth.防备发生某市、预防某事

2.a number of 与the number of的区别

a number of 相当于some，a few; a great/large number of相当于many，quite a few; the number of指的是“…的数量”。

如：The number of the students in our school is 5，000. A number of them are going to study in the university.

3. According6 to the survey，the most popular choice of job is computer programming7.

according to表示1)根据所说、所示;2)随…而作变更

如：According to Tom，the English teacher is really a good teacher.根据Tom的说法，英语老师是一位真正的好老师。

According to the amount of work we do，we will be paid.

我们的报酬随工作量而定。

4. For sure，you have helped make it possible for me to have “Lucky”，…

for sure相当于without doubt无疑

如：I think he lived in Shijiazhuang，but I can’t say for sure.

我想他是住在石家庄，但是我不敢肯定。

三、语法展示

(一)关系副词引导的定语从句

1、关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。即where在从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示“地点”的词。本单元主要学习where的用法

2、where在定语从句中的作用。where在定语从句中做地点状语，它的先行词必须是表示地点的名词。如：

1). I like places where the weather is always warm.=I like places in which the weather is always warm.

2). Have you been to the small village where you were born?=Have you ever been to the small village in which you were born?

(二)短语动词

在英语学习中，较难掌握的是动词，而动词中，最难掌握的莫过于短语动词了.然而，在各类英语考试中，总有几道与短语动词相关的试题，每每令应试者束手无策。

1、短语动词的构成：英语中的动词，按其构成，可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式：

1).动词 + 介词 I agree with(与......看法一致)，take after(长得像…)，hear from(受到某人的来信)，pay for(赔偿)，stand for(代表、表示)

2).动词+副词 cheer up (使振奋、使高兴)，set up(建立、创立)，put up(举起、张贴)，give away(捐赠、分发)，give out(发放、消耗尽)，work out(算出)

3).动词+副词+介词 go in for (喜欢)，put up with (忍受)，come up with(想起)，catch up with (赶上、跟上)，look down upon(看不起)，run out of (耗尽、永光)。

在“动词+副词+介词”的组合中，短语动词只能看作是一个动词，绝对不能拆开。另外，还需要注意的是，以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配，这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的，试比较： (1)The lights went out. (2)He put on his coat and went out.

例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词。例(2)中的went out(出去)不是短语动词，went 是动词，out是副词，作状语。

4).动词+名词+介词catch sight of(看见) draw one’s attention to(吸引……注意) make fun of(取笑) make use of(利用) take care of(照顾) take part in(参加) lose sight of(看不见) make friends with(与……交友 )take(catch，get) hold of(抓住) take notice of(注意到)

2.及物与不及物短语动词。由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用，有的起不及物动词的作用。短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思。因为，一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思，用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的，用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的。

如：He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词)

At airports people can watch the planes taking off and landing8. (take off是不及物短语动词)

3.物短语动词宾语的位置。

1).名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末。

如：I am looking for my glasses.

2).个别短语动词，其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间，不能放在短语动词之后。

如：I am going to see the guests off at the airport this afternoon.

3).对有些短语动词来说，名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面，也可放在动词和介词或副词之间。

如： We’ll have to put off the party. 或者We’ll have to put the party off.

4).代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾。

如：I am looking into it.

5).代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后，代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前：away，down，in，off，out，up.

4.及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题。

1).及物短语动词后接动词宾语时，要用该动词的动名词形式。

如：He insisted on buying this car.

2).有些短语动词后面可接不定式。

如：Most of the members called on the mayor9 to resign10.

3).有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式，但意思差别很大，go on doing 和go on to do就是典型的例子。

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