钮咕噜嘟嘟
橄榄球的英文原名是Rugby football，虽然被翻译成橄榄球，但是它的起源却与橄榄Olive一点关系也没有。 Rugby 其实是一个英格兰小镇的名字。在这个小镇上有一间叫Rugby School的公学。 据传说，在1823年的时候，该学校举行了一次足球比赛，当时比赛十分的激烈，其中有一个名叫William Webb Ellis的16岁的小男孩，因为比分落后，情急之下，他竟然抱起地上的球就向对方的球门跑去，he took the ball in his arms and ran with it. 虽然在当时这个举动disregard the rules of football，违反了足球的规定，但却引起在场观战的观众的强烈兴趣：如果足球赛也可以用手比赛，那么一定会变成一项更好玩的足球运动。就这样在英格兰诞生了橄榄球运动Rugby Football，在英国及英联邦地区，渐渐推广，吸引了全世界各地方爱好运动人口的兴趣，而发展开来。 但是，后来的历史学家经过仔细考证，发现这个故事纯属子虚乌有，但是传说的力量是强大的，它已经深入人心，如今在Rugby School还树立着一块石碑，上面刻着：“This stone commemorates the exploit of William Webb Ellis.” “此碑纪念W·W·埃利斯的勇敢行动”。，甚至连Rugby football的最高荣誉，Rugby World Cup橄榄球世界杯的奖杯也是以Webb Ellis命名，称为Webb Ellis Cup 比赛时，进攻方上场11名进攻队员；而防守方上场11名防守队员。进攻方必须在4次进攻后前进10码以上。每完成10码，则重新开始一轮4次进攻。如果在4次进攻后，进攻方不能有效地前进10码以上，攻防转换。原防守方从原进攻方4次进攻后死球所在的位置开始反攻。当然，原防守方换上11名进攻队员，而原进攻方换上11名防守队员。 比赛分为两个半场共4节，每节15分钟。与NBA不同的是，每半场的两节之间除了交换场地，球的状态保持不变。所以，只有上下半场的最后阶段才有必要控制时间。 风行欧美的水下橄榄球运动 近年来，在欧美国家风行一种水下橄榄球运动，并经常举行国际性的比赛。� 这项运动是在一个长20—25米、水深不低于5米的水池里举行，水池两边设有球门。选手们身穿游泳裤，头戴游泳帽(头盔)，口含一根小管用以呼吸，脚上还要套着脚蹼。比赛用球和足球差不多，里面灌满了盐水，这样球就不会浮上来。� 参加比赛的双方各有5名队员和一名守门员在水下，其余5名预备队员则坐在池边的椅子上。当一名队员疲倦了，浮上水面时，一名预备队员就赶快潜入水中接替他。换人时机的选择很重要，对胜负的影响很大。比赛时有两名身穿潜水服的裁判执法。� 水下橄榄球运动需要良好的身体素质和强健的肺。腿要有力，以便能在水中快速移动；手要有劲，因为球很沉重。有经验的选手能在水中呆很长时间，而且能漂亮地控制球。� 尽管水下橄榄球运动和陆上橄榄球运动一样令人开心，但观看比赛却是个问题。观众们虽然可以在池边观看，但这样却看不出什么名堂。于是后来在水下安装了电视摄像机，把比赛情况投影到巨大的电视屏幕上，这样观看效果就好多了。
喬巴喬巴
Football History —Just What Sport are We Talking About Anyway? Mention the term “football” and depending on just where you are one of two entirely different games might come to mind. In North America, people will picture a smash-mouth game played by large men wearing pads and helmets on a field with goal posts at each end. The ball is moved down the field by running and passing. In most of the rest of the world “football” means a sport played by shorts-clad men and women on a pitch, or field, with netted goals at each end. It is a game that primarily involves the feet as the ball is kicked up and down the pitch. For the purpose of this article, we will focus on the history of football, american style, the first type mentioned. Association football, or soccer as it’s commonly called, is addressed on a different page on this website. Has football always been this confusing? In a nutshell, yes.Soccer, Rugby and MoreAmerican Football (let’s make it simple and just call it plain ol’ “football”) has it roots in both soccer and rugby. A form of soccer was played as early as 206 BC in the Han Dynasty of China when teams competed in a game called Tsu Chu to celebrate the emperor’s birthday. The roots of rugby-type games go back to 11th century England when young boys played a tackle game with an inflated cow bladder. This child’s play evolved into violent clashes between men from opposing villages. Hundreds of players from each town would attempt to run the bladder into the middle of the their opponent’s town. Injuries and even death were such a common part of the game that the King of England eventually outlawed the sport. In 1623, football resurfaced (legally) in England as a soccer-type game played on a field rather than in the town streets. Players were not allowed to touch the ball with anything except their feet. At about the same time, Irish teams took up a form of football that allowed players to hit the ball with their fists. One of the biggest changes in the game happened at Rugby College in 1823. According to legend, William Ellis suddenly stopped kicking the ball, picked it up and ran down the field and across the goal line. Sure, Ellis had broken one of the fundamental rules of the game, but the crowd loved it. Rugby College recognized that Ellis had a good idea and began allowing players to run with ball. This was the official beginning of rugby and the catalyst for what we know today as football.
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