老鼠笨笨
易叉叉叨叨
重点句型和短语 一、 have fun doing sth. 【句型介绍】 意为\"做某事有乐趣\"，其中have fun 相当于enjoy oneself，表示过得愉快。 1. 英语中的集体名词，如family, class, team等作主语时，若作为一个整体看，其后的谓语动词用单数；若强调其组成成员，谓语动词用复数。如： My family is a happy one. 我家是个幸福的家庭。 My family are all watching TV. 我们全家人都在看电视。 2. 在比较级中，要注意than后面人称代词的格。 1）当句子中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，than后面的代词用主格还是宾格，在意思上通常没有区别。如： He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快。 They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他们每天都比我们到校早。 2)当句中的谓语动词是及物动词时，than后面的人称代词用主格还是宾格在意思上就有差别了。试比较： I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜欢你。 I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比，我更喜欢你。 3． 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，一般指一个还没有发生的动作。如： Do you have anything to say about this? 有关这件事你有没有什么要说的？ 4． 在比较句型中，than后面的谓语动词常常省略。也可以用相应的助动词来代替与前面相同的谓语动词，以避免重复。如： Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 汤姆功课比我好。 She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早饭吃得比我少。 5． You\'d better ... 是You had better ... 的缩写形式。 had better 为固定短语，意为\"最好......\"，后接动词原形，常用来提出建议或劝告，其否定形式是\"had better not + 动词原形\"。如： You\'d better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里呆得太久。 We had fun playing computer games. 我们玩电脑游戏很愉快。 【句式比较】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 访问那个国家你们快乐吗？ 【特别提醒】 句中fun为不可数名词，表乐趣，前面不能加不定冠词。 二、 But I don\'t know what to do. 【句型介绍】 疑问词 + 不定式可作主语、宾语或表语。 I don\'t know how to get her help. 我不知道怎样才能得到她的帮助。 Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. 我不知道去哪儿购买这种种子。 My question is when to leave for Tokyo. 我的问题是什么时候去东京。 【句式比较】 疑问词 + 不定式可转换成连词（原疑问词）引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。 I don\'t know where we can find her. 我不知道在哪儿能找到她。 How she will go there is still a secret. 她怎么去那里还是一个谜。 Her question is how she can pass the exam. 她的问题是她怎样才能通过这次考试。 【特别提醒】 疑问词 + 不定式转换成宾语从句时应用陈述语序。 三、 This is ... speaking. 【句型介绍】 该句为打电话用语，用来进行自我介绍，This代表我，speaking可以省去。 Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好，我是汤姆。 【句式比较】 Who is that (speaking)? 你是谁？that用来询问对方是谁，speaking可以省去。 Is that ... (speaking)? 你是......吗？that也用来询问对方是谁， speaking也可以省去。 This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? 我是玛丽，你是谁？ Is that Jane (speaking)? 你是詹妮吗？ 【特别提醒】 this不能换成I， that不能换成you。 四、 hear sb. / sth. doing 【句型介绍】 意为\"听见某人 / 物正在做......\"，句中doing为现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，强调一个过程。 Just then I heard someone crying \"Help! Help!\" 就在那时，我听见有人在喊\"救命啊！救命！\" 【句式比较】 hear sb. / sth. do sth. 听见某人 / 物做某事，句中do为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表动作已经结束，强调一个结果。 I heard him sing three songs. 我听见他唱了三首歌。 hear sb. / sth. done听见某人 / 物被......，done为动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，强调被动。 Do you often hear this song sung by him? 你经常听见他唱这首歌吗？ 【特别提醒】 在这些句型中的hear可换成see, feel, watch等感官动词。 初二1－7单元重点短语 作者：王宣玲 一、 名词短语 a waste of time 浪费（白费）时间 field trip 野外旅游 the day after tomorrow后天 Terra Cotta Warriors 兵马俑 Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 on Mid-autumn Day / Festival 在中秋节 二、 动词短语 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go hiking 去徒步旅行 go on a picnic 去野餐 trip over （被......）绊倒 hurry up 赶快 get home 回家 get together 相聚 agree with ... 同意......意见（想法）；符合 ask for 请求；询问 come up 走近；发生；上来；流行 come over 过来；抓住 三、 介、副词短语 in the open air 在户外；在野外 on time 准时 at the front / back of 在前 / 后面 in front of 在......前面 in the country 在乡下 in town 在城里 on the left /right side 在左 / 右边 up and down 上上下下；来来回回 四、 其它短语 (not) ... any more再也不；不能再...... all the same 仍然； 还是 had better (do) 最好（做......） 八年级8－14单元重点句型 作者：郝昌明 一、I\'m sorry to hear that. [句型介绍] 该句是对所听说的不幸事件的回答用语，含义为\"真遗憾；听到那件事我很难过\"。 -I didn\'t pass the exam. 我没通过这次考试。 -I\'m sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。 -My grandfather died yesterday. 我的祖父昨天去世了。 -I\'m sorry to hear that. 我很难过。 [知识拓展] 1. I\'m glad to hear that. 我真高兴听到那事。 -I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight\'s film. 我设法买到了今晚的电影票。 -I\'m （very） glad to hear that. 真替你高兴。 2. Congratulations. 恭喜你。 -I\'ve just married a beautiful girl. 我刚刚娶了一位漂亮姑娘。 -Congratulations. 恭喜你。 二、be good for [句型介绍] 意为\"有益于......\"， for后面接名词。 Is swimming good for your health？游泳有益于你的身体健康吗？ I think timely rain is good for the crops. 我认为适时地下雨对庄稼生长有好处。 [知识拓展] be good to 对......友好；be good at 擅长...... She is always good to me. 她对我一直很友好。 She is good at singing popular songs. 她擅长唱流行歌曲。 三、ask sb. for sth. [句型介绍] 意为\"向某人要某物\"，sb.与sth.位置不得颠倒。 Can I ask you for help？你能帮帮我吗？ To tell you the truth, when I have trouble, I always ask her for advice. 跟你说老实话，每当我有麻烦时总向她征求意见。 [知识拓展] ask for sth. 要求得到某物；ask for sb.要求见某人 Yesterday he asked me for money. 昨天他向我要钱。 Did anybody ask for me during my absence？我不在的时候有人找过我吗？ 四、be born in [句型介绍] 意为\"出生于\"，后接地点状语或时间状语。 He was born in a small town in 1995. 1995年他出生于一个小镇上。 In which city was he born in 1988？1988年他出生在哪一个城市？ [知识拓展] be born of出生于......家庭 It is said that he was born of a teacher\'s family. 据说他出生于教师的家庭。 五、good luck with sth. [句型介绍] 祝贺用语，with后面接事物名词。 Good luck with your exam. 祝你考试好运。 Good luck with your journey. 祝你旅途顺利。 [知识拓展] good luck to sb. 祝......好运 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 六、get married to [句型介绍] 意为\"和......结婚\"，强调动作，若不接宾语，应省to。 She got married to a foreigner last year. 去年她和一个老外结了婚。 Did she get married last year？她是去年结婚的吗？ [知识拓展] be married to \"和......结婚\"，强调状态。 She was married to Li Ping. 她嫁给了李平。 值得注意的是，get married to属终止性动词短语，不可和表示时间段的状语连用，但be married to却可以，因为它是持续性动词短语。 七、Would you like to ... ? [句型介绍] 该句用来提出请求，含义为\"你愿意......吗\"，to后面接动词原形。 Would you like to give me some help？你愿意给我提供一些帮助吗？ Would you like to repair this bike for me？你愿意为我修这辆自行车吗？ [知识拓展] Will / Would you please ...？please后面应接动词原形，含义为\"你愿意......吗\"。 Will you please water these flowers？请你给这些花浇水，好吗？ Would you please give me some money？你给我点儿钱，好吗？ 八、Thanks a lot for ... [句型介绍] 该句为感谢用语，含义为\"非常感谢......\"，也可说成Thank you very much for ...， for为介词，后面可接名词、代词、动名词。 Thanks a lot for your kind help.感谢您友好的帮助。 Thank you very much for coming to see me.感谢你来看我。 [知识拓展] be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事对某人感激 I\'m thankful to you for your kindness.感谢您的好意。 九、last from ... to ... [句型介绍] 意为\"从......持续到......\"，from和to后面均应接时间名词。 Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday. 我们的运动会将从星期五持续到星期日。 Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st. 他们的夏令营将从10月1日持续到11月1日。 [知识拓展] go on to ... 延续到...... 1、 Feel well/bad 2、 Wake up (somebody)—fall asleep 3、 As soon as 4、 Be busy doing/with something 5、 Stop doing/to do/somebody from doing 6、 Go down 7、 Have something to do 8、 Sleeping pills 9、 Be awake—be asleep 10、 Light music 11、 In the band 12、 Try something/doing something 13、 Try to do something 14、 A piece of music 15、 Again and again 16、 系动词：be/sound look seem smell taste feel/get turn become 17、 Look nice on 18、 Be/keep quiet 19、 Instead of something/doing 20、 Make trouble 21、 enough+名词/形容词或副词+enough 22、 Be thin/fat 23、 Nothing much wrong/nothing serious 24、 Look over 25、 At the weekend 26、 have been to+地点 27、 Land on 28、 Pull something out of/up from 29、 Keep something cool 30、 All by oneself=alone 31、 Perhaps=maybe 32、 No longer=no more=not any longer=not any more 33、 Get back/get something back 34、 Sooner or later 35、 Drop something 36、 Run after 37、 Run away 38、 Eat up 39、 On the bank 40、 A few--few 41、 A little--little 42、 A little=a bit 43、 Pass something to somebody=pass somebody something 44、 Help oneself to 45、 Hot food 46、 Seem to do/that 47、 Fast food 48、 Be popular with 49、 Enjoy/enjoy oneself 50、 Enjoy something/doing 51、 Have a taste/taste like 52、 In the city of 53、 Both of/both And B 54、 Either or/either of 55、 Neither nor/neither of 56、 Agree with/to 57、 With—with out 58、 Take away—home cooking 59、 Take a seat 60、 By the window 61、 Take one’s order 62、 Go/walk alone/up/down 63、 Go on 64、 Cross=go across 65、 Take the first crossing on the right=turn right at the first crossing 66、 At/in the corner 67、 Be sick/ill 68、 In hospital 69、 In the hospital 70、 Arrive at/in / get to / reach 71、 At the end of 72、 Feel like doing 73、 Look over 74、 Wake somebody up 75、 It takes somebody + time + to do 76、 Be wake—be strong 77、 Quite a long way 78、 Had better do/not do 79、 Be happy/sorry/sad to do 80、 Look around 81、 情态动词:can/can’t/may/must/mustn’t/have to 82、 Be sure about/of/to do/that 83、 In time/on time 84、 Make one’s way to 85、 The sign of 86、 Just then/just now 87、 Make a noise 88、 Stand a line 89、 Wait for one’s turn 90、 Stop doing/to do 91、 Jump the queue 92、 At the head of 93、 Laugh at 94、 Make a mistake 95、 Throw something about 96、 In fact 97、 At midnight 98、 Ring the door bell 99、 Complain about 100、 Quarrel with somebody 101、 Agree with somebody\\something 102、 Agree with something 103、 No longer (在句子中间) 104、 No more (在句子尾部) 105、 Not too bad 106、 Not at all 107、 在……时间之后 after (过去时)\\in (现在时) 108、 Wake somebody up 109、 Stop somebody from doing 110、 Spend on something 111、 Spend in doing 112、 So +助+主(做相同的事情) 113、 So+主+助(同意前者的说法) 参考资料： 1. Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如： The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。 She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。 The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。 2. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语) 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。 We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。 This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。 The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。 The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。 3. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如： You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。 Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。 She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。 I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。 4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如： Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb.； 2)动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb.。如： Please show me your picture. －Please show your picture to me. 请把你的画给我看一下。 I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don�t lose heart. —I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。 5. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。 We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如： The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。 新目标英语八年级上笔记 Review of Unit 1－6 I. language goals （语言目标） 1. Talk about how often you do things 谈论做事情的频率。 2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions. 谈论健康话题以及提出建议。 3. Talk about future plans. 谈论未来的计划/打算。 4. Talk about how to get to places. 谈论到达某地的方式。 5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons. 学会发出，接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因。 6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people. 学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们。 II. Key Phrases （重点短语）： 1. how often 多长时间一次 2. junk food 垃圾食品 3. a lot of 许多 4. hardly ever 很少 5. start with 以…开始 6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事 7. look after 照料 8. be kind of unhealthy 有点不健康 9. once a day 一天一次 10. twice a month 一个月两次 11. be good for 对…有好处 12. once in a while 偶尔 13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙医 14. get a cold / fever 感冒/发烧 15. have a stomachache 肚子疼 16. have a toothache 牙疼 17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼 18. lie down and rest 躺下休息 19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶 20. be stressed out 紧张 21. listen to … 听… 22. get tired 变的疲劳 23. keep healthy 保持健康 24. at the moment 此刻；目前 25. watch TV 看电视 26. play basketball 打篮球 27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹 28. visit my friend 拜访我的朋友 29. relax at home 在家放松 30. sports camp 运动野营 31. something interesting 32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing 去徒步旅行/野营/钓鱼/购物/观光 33. go away 离开 34. get back to school 返回学校 35. stay for a week 呆一个星期 36. go bike riding 骑自行车兜风 37. takes walks 散步 38. rent videos 租录像带 39. sleep a lot 睡得多 40. think about 考虑 41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane 乘地铁/公共车/小船/飞机 42. get to 到达 43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共车/飞机/小船 44. train / subway / bus station 火车/地铁/公共车站 45. bus ride 乘公共车的旅行 46. ride a bike 骑自行车 47. bus stop 公共汽车站 48. on foot 步行 49. leave for 离开去… 50. school bus 学校班车 51. the early bus 早班车 52. be different from 与…不同 53. half past six 六点半 54. in North America 在北美洲 55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐 56. need to do 需要做… 57. more than 多于 58. play soccer 踢足球 59. baseball game 棒球比赛 60. school team 校队 61. come over to 过来到… 62. the day after tomorrow 后天 63. be good at 擅长于… 64. two years ago 两年前 65. be outgoing 外向的 66. all the time 一直 67. in some ways 在一些方面 68. look the same 看起来一样 69. talk to everyone 与大家谈话 70. make me laugh 使我笑 III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型： Unit 1: 1. －What do you usually do on weekends? －I usually go to the movies. 2. －What does he sometimes do on weekends? －He sometimes surfs the Internet. 3. How often do you exercise? I exercise once a week. 4. How often does she eat vegetables? She eats vegetables three times a day. 5. Most of the students go to the beach every year. 6. It makes a big difference to my grades. 7. My eating habits are pretty good. Unit 2: 1. What’s the matter? What’s wrong? What’s the trouble? 2. I’m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat. /I have a lot of headaches. 3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist. You should drink some hot tea with honey. 4. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours. 5. Don’t get stressed out. It will make you sick. 6. I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well. Unit 3 1. －What is she doing for vacation? －She is babysitting her little sister. －That sounds nice / interesting. 2. －When are you going? －I’m going on Monday. 3. －Where are they going? －They are going to Tibet. 4. －Who is she going with? －She is going with her parents. 5. －How long is he staying. －He is staying for a week. 6. －How is the weather there? －I’m hoping the weather will be nice. 7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June. 8. Have a good time. Unit 4: 1. －How do you get to school? －I get to school by bus. 2. －How does he go to work? －He usually walks to school. 3. －How long does it take? －It takes about twenty minutes. 4. －How far is it from his home to school? －It’s three miles. 5. What do you think of the transportation in your town? Unit 5: 1. －Can you come to my party on Wednesday? －Sure, I’d love to. / I’m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson. 2. －Can she go to the movies on Saturday? －No, she can’t. She has to help her mom. 3. －Can you go to the concert on Monday? －When is it? －It’s at four o’clock on Friday. 4. Thanks a lot for the invitation. 5. I’m going to study for a test this evening. 6. What’s the date today? Unit 6 1. Pedro is funnier t
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英语语法中的16种时态 所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合，便形成下列十六种时态：一般状态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；进行状态：现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；完成状态：现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；完成进行状态：现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时． 一、 一般现在时1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：. It seldom ['seldəm]很少snows here.He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.. 二、 一般过去时1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.三、 现在进行时1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen3.基本结构：be+doing 4.否定形式：be+not+doing.5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时 1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing 4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、 现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句：have或has。6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六、 过去完成时1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.3.基本结构：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + done.5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句七、 一般将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本结构：was/were+going to + do；would/should + do.4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .九、将来完成时1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.十、现在完成进行时1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock. 十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.时态 - 互相转换日期表达英语日期的表达与汉语不同。英语表达的顺序为"月、日、年"，2004年11月4日就可写成November 4th, 2004，还可表示为November fourth, 2004。也可写成"日、月、年"，4th November, 2004即the fourth of November, 2004。 朗读方面在朗读时，"月份"一般直接用英语读出；"日"则要读成"the 序数词"；读年份时，一般分为两个单位来读，前两个数为一个单位，后两个数为一个单位。 如：1982年读作nineteen eighty-two, 1900年读作nineteen hundred。 如果是三位数，先读第一位，再把后两个数合起来读。 如：984年可读为nine eighty-four,757年读成seven fifty-seven。另外，像2000年一般读成two thousand, 2001年则读成two thousand and one,以此类推，2004年应读成two thousand and four。 January 12th, 1993读成January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three。 英语日期的表示法用英语表示日期，其顺序为“月＋日＋年”，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。 也可以用“日＋月＋年”来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日 英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on January一月(略写为Jan.) February二月(略写为Feb.) March三月(略写为Mar.) April 四月(略写为Apr.) May五月 June 六月 (略写为Jun.) July七月 (略写为Jul.) August八月 (略写为Aug.) September九月(略写为Sept.) October十月(略写为Oct.) November十一月(略写为Nov.) December十二月(略写为Dec.)
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