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单词你要unit 1 and unit 12 给你 如假包换 unit 1 pen pal 笔友 Australia 澳洲 Japan 日本 Canada 加拿大 France 法国 the United States 美国 Singapore 新加坡 the United Kingdom 英国 country 国家 Sydney 悉尼 New York 纽约 Paris 巴黎 Toronto 多伦多 Tokyo 东京 live 住 lauguage 语言 world 世界 in English 用英语 Japanese 日本人 French 法语 any 任何一个 dislike 不喜欢 Jodie 朱迪 Andrew 安德鲁 Lucy 露西 King 金(姓) Sam 萨姆 Julie 朱丽 Unit12 rule规则 hallway走廊;过道 classroom教室 fight打架;争吵 Ms女士 outside外面的;在外部的 dining进餐;吃饭 hall大厅;礼堂 have to不得不;必须 else其他的;别的;另外的 sports shoes运动鞋 gym体育馆 Dr医生(缩写) by到---之前;不迟于 wash洗;洗涤 later后来;以后 the Childen's Palace少年宫 notalking不许讲话 loudly大声地 句型免费给你12个单元 Unit 1 1. Where is your pen pal from? --He’s from Australia. =Where does your pen pal come from? -- He comes from Japan. Where are you from? --I’m from the United States. 2. Where does she live? --She lives in Paris. 3. What language does he speak? --He speaks French. 4. Where is Toronto? --It’s in Canada. Unit 2 1.Is there a bank near here (in the neighborhood)? --Yes, there is. It’s on Center Street. / No, there isn’t. 2. Where’s the supermarket? --It’s across from the post office. 3. Go straight down New Street and turn right. 4. Turn left at Bridge Street. 5. There’s a pay phone on your left. Unit 3 1. Let’s see the koalas. --Why do you like koalas --Because they’re very cute. 2. Why does he like elephants? --Because they’re kind of interesting. 3. Where’re lions from? -- They’re from South Africa. 4. What (other) animals do you like. --I like dolphins. Unit 4 1. What does she do?/ What’s her job?/What’s she? --She is a doctor/reporter/bank clerk/waiter… What do you do? –I’m a shop assistant. 2. Where does she work? She works in a hospital/TV station/bank/restaurant. 3. What does she want to be ? -- She wants to be a policewoman. 4. Why does he want to be a policewoman? --Because it’s an exciting job. Unit 5 1. What are you doing?—I’m watching TV. 2. What is he/she doing?—He/She is cleaning. 3.What are they doing?-They’re talking on the phone 4. Is Nancy doing homework? --No, she isn’t. She’s writing a letter. 5. Do you want to go to the movies? --Yes, I do./Sure./That sounds good. 6. When do you want to go --Let’s go at 8:00. 7. Where is he eating dinner? (现在进行时) --He’s eating dinner at home. 8. Where do people play basketball? (一般现在时) --They play basketball at school. Unit6 1. How’s the weather in Fuzhou? =What’s the weather like in Fuzhou? ---It’s sunny and hot. (windy and cool) 2. How’s it going? --Pretty good/Great/Not bad/Terrible/Just so-so. 3.What do you do when it’s raining? --I stay at home and read a book. 现在进行时 1.含义:表示现在正在进行或一段时间正在进行的动作标志词:now, look, listen等.构成:be +V-ing 2.V-ing 变化规则: 1)一般加 ing 如play---playing watch---watching 2)以不发音的e 结尾,去e 加ing. 如: take----taking 3)元+辅结尾,且是重读闭音节的单词,双写辅音字 母+ing. 如:run----running swim----swimming 3.句式1)肯定句: 主语+be +v-ing+其它. 如: I am reading a book. 2)否定句:直接在be后加not. 如:I am writing.→ I am not writing. 3)一般疑问句及回答:问句,直接把be提前,肯定回答:Yes,主语+be 否定回答: No,主语+be+not 如:Are you drawing ? ---Yes,I am./No, I’m not. 4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+v-ing+其它 如:What is he doing? Where is he reading books? 新目标英语七(下)unit1~6单元重点短语及词组 unit1 1、be/come from:来自 2、live in Paris:住在巴黎 3、write to me soon:快点给我写信 4、play sports:运动、锻炼 5、speak a little French:讲一点法语 6、like going to the movies with my friends: 喜欢和我的朋友去看电影 7、tell sb about...告诉某人关于、、、、、、 8、an interesting country: 一个有趣的国家 9、in November: 在十一月 10、speak a little French: 说一点法语 11、like playing sports:喜欢做运动 12、her favorite language:她最喜欢的语言 13、write to Tom:写信给汤姆 14、Jolie’s pen pal:朱利的笔友 15、likes and dislikes:好恶、爱憎 unit2 1、打扰了Excuse me 2、散步 take a walk 3、玩的开心 have fun 4、向左/右转 turn left/right 5、一个干净又宁静的超市 : clean and quiet supermarket 6、一直走 go straight 7、穿过公园 go through the park 8、在右边 on the right 9、欢迎来中国 Welcome to China 10、参观格林大道 visit Green Street 11、世界之旅的开始 the beginning of the world tour 12、买一些食品 buy some food 13、饭店隔壁 next to the restaurant 14、乘出租车 take/have a taxi / by taxi 15、沿着长街走 go down /along/up Long Street 16、穿过第六大道 go through Sixth Street 17、在新公园右转 turn right at New Park 18、在大桥街 on Bridge Street 19、旅途愉快 have a good trip 20、去学校的路 the way to school 21、邮局:post office 22、公用电话:pay phone 23、第五大街 Five Avenue 24、中心街道 on Center Street 25、靠近… next to 26、在…对面 be across from 27、在…和…之间 between... and. 28、在一个安静/繁忙的街道上on a quiet/busy street 29、在附近 near here=in the neighborhood 30、在你家附近near your home 31、在你的右边 on your right 32、欢迎到…来 welcome to... 33、花园区 the Garden District 34、花园游览the garden tour 35、步行穿过…take a walk through 36、经过…pass... 37、有花园的房子… a house with a garden 38、….的开头 the beginning of... 39、一个玩的高兴的好地方a good palce to have fun 40、在超市买些食buy some food in the supermarket 41、去我家的路 the way to my home 42、一个干净的公园a clean park 43、一条安静的街道a quiet street 44、一家旧旅馆an old hotel 45、一个繁华的超市a busy supermarket 46、三个很脏的房间three very dirty rooms unit3 1、let sb do sth.让某人做某事:Let him go .让他走吧. 2、kind of=a bit =a little 稍微、有点 3、有点有趣:kind of interesting 4、有点懒:kind of lazy 5、来自南非:be from South Africa 6、对某人友好:be friendly to sb 7、和某人友好相处:be friendly with sb 8、喜欢做某事(习惯性的):like doing sth 9、喜欢做某事(偶尔一次的、未发生的): like to do sth 10、保持安静:be/keep quiet 11、在白天:during/in the day 12、在晚上:at night=in the night 13、每天:every day 14、每天的、日常的:everyday 15、和朋友一起玩:play with one's friends 16、在白天睡觉:sleep during the day 17、他12岁:He is twelve years old. 18、起床:get up 19、吃叶子:eat leavies unit4 1、他是干什么的?: What does he do?=what's he?=What's his job? 2、和某人一起工作:work with sb 3、在、、、、、、工做:work at/in. 4、为、、、、、、工作:work for... 5、给某人某物:give sth to sb=give sb sth 6、从、、、、得到、、、、:get sth from . 7、穿着白色的制服:wear a white uniform(状态) 8、穿上你的衣服:put on your coat(动作) 9、有点危险:kind of dangerous 10、两个小偷:two thieves 11、和某人交谈:talk to/with sb 12、谈论、、、、、:talk about sb/sth 13、问某人问题:ask sb questions 14、工作得晚:work late 15、做某事迟到:be late for sth. 16、出去就餐:go out to dinners 17、忙碌:be busy 18、忙于做、、、: be busy with sth=be busy doing sth 19、对、、、、、、、感兴趣:be/become interested in. 20、一个有趣的工作:an interesting job 21、努力工作:work hard 22、艰苦的工作:hard work 23、一项适合你的工作:a job for you 24、给你提供一个工作:have a job for you 25、和演员一起工作:work with actors 26、打电话给晚报:call the Evening Newspaper 27、在医院:in/at a hospital 28、很多,许多:a lot of=lots of 29、 想要做……:want to do... 30、招聘广告:want ads 31、其他年轻人:other young people 32、参加校园剧的演出:be in the school play 33、需要一名医生:need a doctor 34、售货员,店员: sales assistant 35、警官:police officer 36、银行职员:bank clerk 37、 害怕,恐怕…: be afraid of 38、电视台:TV station 39、警察局:police station 40、流行歌手:pop singer 41、重要人物;Very Important Person 42、出去:go out 43、校园剧:school play 44、尽可能快地:as soon as possible 45、晚报:evening newspaper 46、数钱:count money 47、有点儿危险:kind of dangerous 48、写故事:write stories 49、运动教练:a sports coach 50、图书管理员:a library assistant 51、在将来:in the future unit5 1、看电视:watch TV 2、看书: read a book=read books=do some reading 3、看一只小鸟 5、看电影:go to the movies 6、做家庭作业:do (one's)homework 7、那听起来还不错:That sounds good/nice. 8、写信:write a letter 9、这个电视剧无聊: This TV show is boring/isn't interesting. 10、等候、、、、、:wait for. 11、等候某人做某事:wait for sb to do sth 12、游泳:swim=have a swim=go swimming 13、购物:shop=go shopping=do some shopping 14、在图书馆:in the library 15、 打篮球:play basketball 16、谢谢你的来信:Thanks for your letter. 17、谢谢某人做某事:thanks/thank sb for doing sth 18、在第一张图里:in the first photo 19、一些图片:some photos 20、在游泳池里游泳:swim at the pool 21、下一张图片:the next photo 22、在家里:at home 23、和某人在一起:be with sb 24、最后一张图片:the last photo 25、我的全家福:a photo of my family 26、打电话:talk on the phone 27、我的一些照片:some of my photos 28、电视节目:TV show 29、这是、、、、、:This is.(介绍人用) unit6 1、今天云南的天气怎么样?:How's the weather in Yunnan today?= What's the weather like in Yunnan today? 2、做晚饭:cook dinnner/supper 3、玩电脑游戏:play computer games 4、你怎么样?(两人见面时)How's it going? 5、相当好:pretty good 6、好天气:fine/nice weather 7、在雨中:in the rain 8、一个有风的晚上:a windy night 9、环球节目:Around The World show 10、中央电视台:CCTV 11、阳光明媚的一天:a beautiful,sunny day 12、许多人:many/a lot of /lots of people 13、在度假:on vacation(介词) 14、在度假:take a vacation(动词) 15、多云的:be cloudy 16、刮风的:be windy 17、热的/冷的/温暖的/凉爽的/潮湿的: be hot/cold/warm/cool/humid 18、拍照:take photos=take a photo 19、躺在沙滩上:lie on the beach 正 躺在沙滩上:be lying on the beach 20、一群学生:a group of students 21、这群孩子:this group of children 22、打沙滩排球:play beach volleyball 23、看上去很酷/漂亮/年轻:look cool/beautiful/young 24、惊讶:be surprised +从句 25、惊讶做、、、、:be surprised to do sth 26、对、、、、、感到惊讶:be surprised at. 27、在高温下/在这么热的天:in this heat 28、玩的高兴:have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 29、戴围巾:wear scarfs 30、中央电视台世界各地节目: CCTV's Around The World show 31、确实很舒适 :really very relaxed 32、弹吉他:play the guitar 七年级(下)(Unit7-12) Unit7 1.short/curly/long/straight hair:短/卷/长/直发 2.medium height/build:中等高度/身材 3.look like:看起来象 4.the captain of the basketball team:篮球队队长 5.be a little bit quiet:有点儿少言寡语 6.stop doing sth.:停止做某事 7.like playing chess :喜欢下棋 8.wear glasses:戴眼镜 9.a pop singer:一个流行歌手 10.a new look:一个新的形象 11.black/brow/blonde hair:黑色/棕色/金黄色的头发 12.last month:上个月 13.a woman with long black hair:一个有着长长金发的妇女 Unit8 1.what kind of:哪一种 2.would like sth.:想要某东西 3.a small/medium/large bowl of noodles:小/中/大碗的面条 4.orange juice: 桔子汁 5.green tea:绿茶 6.a dumpling house/House of sumplings:一家饺子店 7.phone number:电话号码 8.tomato soup:西红柿汤 Unit9 1.do one’s homework:做家庭作业 2.play soccer:踢足球 3.clean one’s room:打扫某人的房间 4.go to the beach:去海滩 5.play tennis:打网球 6.go to the movies:去看电影 7.last weekend:上周末 8.do some reading:阅读 9.practice English:练习英语 10.study for the match test:为数学考试准备 11.last week :上周 12.on Saturday morning/ aternoon/ evening/ night:在星期六的早晨/下午/晚上/深夜 13.an interesting talk show:一个有趣的谈话节目 14.go for a walk:去散步 15.a nice day:晴朗的一天 16.play with:与…一起玩 17.a busy weekend:一个繁忙的周末 18.look for:寻找 19.watch a movie:看电影 20.It’s time to do sth.:是做某事的时候了 Unit10 1.visit sb.拜访某人 2.summer camp:夏令营 3.visit museum:参观博物馆 4.on vacation:度假 5.great weather:好天气 6. all day/night/year:整天/夜/年 7.have great fun playing:玩得高兴 8.be crowded:拥挤 9.find sb. doing sth.:发现某人正在做某事 10.be lost:迷路 11.help sb.do sth.:帮助某人做某事 12.make sb. do sth.:使某人做某事 13.be tired:疲倦 14.decide to do sth.:决定做某事 15. The Great Wall:长城 Unit11 1.talk/game/spors show:谈话/游戏/体育节目 2.soap opera:肥皂剧;连续剧 3.situation comedy/sitcom:情景喜剧 4.don’t mind/like:不介意/喜欢 5.can’t stand:不能容忍 6.think of:认为 7.agree with sb.:同意某人意见 8.in fact:事实上;实际上 9.a thirteen-year-old boy:一个13岁的男孩 10.sports shows:体育节目 11.Animal World:动物世界 12.Tell it like it is!:实话实说 13.Culture China:中国文化 14.Chinese cooking:中国烹饪 15.key ring:钥匙链 16.ask sb. about sth:问某人关于某事 17.colorful clothes:颜色鲜艳的衣服 18. English Today:今日英语 19. Sports News:运动新闻 Unit12. 1.be late for class:上课迟到 2.listen to music:听音乐 3.have to :不得不 4.what else:别的什么 5.sports shoes:运动鞋 6.go out :出去 7.after school/class:放学/下课以后 8.What’s up ?:什么事? 9.chool magizine:校刊 10.I don’t .either.:我也不 11.on school nights:在学生有课的晚上 12.Children’s Palace:少年宫 13.chool/family rules:校/家规 14.make dinner:做饭 15.wear a uniform:穿制服 16.gym class:体育课 17.enjoy nice words about my looks:喜欢赞美自己的话 18.wash the clothes:洗衣服
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学业的精深造诣来源于勤奋好学,只有好学者,才能在无边的知识海洋里猎取到真智才学,只有真正勤奋的人才能克服困难,持之以恒,不断开拓知识的领域,武装自己的头脑,成为自己的主宰,让我们勤奋学习,持之以恒,成就自己的人生,让自己的青春写满无悔!我搜集的《七年级下册英语知识点人教版2020》,希望对同学们有帮助。
初一英语下册知识点 总结
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
◆ 短语 归纳
1. play chess 下 国际象棋
2. play the guitar 弹吉他
3. speak English 说英语
4. English club 英语俱乐部
5. talk to 跟…说
6. play the violin 拉小提琴
7. play the piano 弹钢琴
8. play the drums 敲鼓
9. make friends 结交朋友
10. do kung fu 练 (中国) 功夫
11. tell stories 讲 故事
12. play games 做游戏
13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末
◆用法集萃
1. play +棋类/球类 下……棋,打……球
2. play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉……乐器
3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好
5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
6. can + 动词原形 能/会做某事
7. a little + 不可数名词 一点儿……
8. join the …club 加入…俱乐部
9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事
◆典句必背
1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.
3. You can join the English club.
4. Sounds good./That sounds good.
5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.
6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
◆短语归纳
1. what time 几点
2. go to school 去上学
3. get up 起床
4. take a shower 洗淋浴
5. brush teeth 刷牙
6. get to 到达
7. do homework 做家庭作业
8. go to work 去上班
9. go home 回家
10. eat breakfast 吃早饭
11. get dressed 穿上衣服
12. get home 到家
13. either…or… 要么…要么…
14. go to bed 上床睡觉
15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上
16. take a walk 散步
17. lots of=a lot of 许多,大量
18. radio station 广播电台
19. at night 在晚上
20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到
◆用法集萃
1. at + 具体时间点 在几点(几分)
2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
3. thirty\half past +基数词 ……点半
4. fifteen\a quarter to +基数词差一刻到……点
5. take a/an +名词 从事……活动
6. from …to … 从……到……
7. need to do sth 需要做某事
◆典句必背
1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.
2. That’s a funny time for breakfast.
3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.
4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..
6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.
7. Here are your clothes.
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
◆短语归纳
1. get to school 到达学校
2. take the subway 乘地铁
3. ride a bike 骑自行车
4. how far 多远
5. from home to school 从家到学校
6. every day 每天
7. take the bus 乘公共汽车
8. by bike 骑自行车
9. bus stop 公共汽车站
10. think of 认为
11. between … and … 在…和…之间
12.one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩
13. play with … 和…玩
14. come true 实现
15. have to 不得不
◆用法集萃
1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…
2. How do / does (sb)get to …?…是怎样到…的?
3. How far is it from … to …?从…到…有多远?
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间?
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….
7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感谢你(做)某事。
◆典句必背
1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike.
2. How far is it from your home to school?
3. How long does it take you to get to school?
4. For many students, it is easy to get to school.
5. There is a very big river between their school and the village.
初一英语下册知识点总结
Unit 5
1.回答why的提问要用because
2.Kind of 相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为“稍微,有点”,与a little/ bit 相近
A kind of 意为“一种”,some kinds of 意为“几种”,all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind 是“种,类,属”的意思。
3.Why not =Why don’t you+V原 你为什么不…?
4.walk on one’s legs/ hands
on 意为“用…方式行走”
5.all day =the whole day整天
6.来自be/ come from
where do they come from?
=where are they from?
7.more than=over超过 less than 少于
8.once twice three times
9.be in great danger
10.one of… …之一 +名词复数
11.get lost
12.with/ without 有/ 没有 介词
13.a symbol of
14.由…制造 be made of能看出原材料
be made from 看不出原材料
be made in+地点 表产地
15.cut down 砍到
动副结构(代词必须放中间,名词可放中间或者后面)
Unit 6
1.现在进行时
其结构为be的现在式(am, is, are)+ 现在分词(V-ing)。
否定形式在be后面加not,疑问式将be动词提前
2.动词-ing形式的构成:
一般情况+ing;以不发音的e结尾的,去e加ing;重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母再加ing
3.go to the movies
4.join sb for sth与某人一起做某事
join us for dinner
5.live with sb
live in+地点
6.other,another与the other
Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=others
Another “又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。
The other“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,“one…the other…”表示“一个…,另一个…”
7.talk on the phone
8.wish to do sth
9.Here is+ n单
Here are+ n 复
Unit 7
1.询问天气的表达方式:
How’s the weather?
It’s a raining/sunny day.
It’s raining.
What’s the weather like?
It’s windy.
2.play computer games
3.How’s it/ everything going?
4.In/ at the park
5.Take a message for sb 替人留言
Leave a message to sb 给人留言
6.call sb back
7.right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 立刻,马上
8.right now现在
just now刚刚(用于一般过去式)
9.over and over again
10.the answer to the question,a key to the door,a ticket to the ball game
11.by the pool
12.summer vacation
13.go on a vacation去度假
be on a vacation在度假
14.write (a letter)to sb
15.反意疑问句(陈述句+附加疑问句)
反意疑问句中,陈述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑问句就要用否定;相反,陈述句用的否定,附加疑问句就要用肯定。
16.以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing
以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed
17.in the first picture
18.dry干燥的 humid潮湿的
Unit 8
1.There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
There are +复数名词+地点状语.
谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致(就近原则)。
There be句型的否定式在be后加上not或no即可。
注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首
There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”
2.问路:
①Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?
②Where is/ are……?
③How can I get to……?
④Could/Can you tell me the way to……
⑤Which is the way to……
3.Across,cross,through,over
Across是介词,“横过,在对面”表示从物体表面穿过
Cross是动词,相当于go/ walk across
Through是介词,表示从物体中间或里面穿过 go through the door
Over是介词,“横过,越过”表示从物体上空越过,跨过 fly over
4.ask for help/ advice
5.in/ on the street
6.在某条大街上习惯用介词on on Bridge Street
7.across from,next to,between…and…,behind
8.in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面 in the front of在…(内部的)前面
9.be in town→be out of town
10.be far from
11.go/ walk along go straight go up/ down
12.turn left/right
13.on one’s/ the left
14.at the first crossing/ turning
15.sometimes 有时(频度副词)
sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天
Some times 几次,几倍 some time 一段时间(前面用介词for)
16.free
空闲的 free time
自由的 as free as a fish
免费的 The best things in life are free.
17.enjoy doing
18.Time goes quickly.
19.表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑问句和否定句中用any。
特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中。
any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。
初一英语下册知识点总结
一. 情态动词can的用法
can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化。
1. 含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。
2. 含有can的否定句:主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。
3. 变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+can't.
4. 含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?
I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak?
二. what time和when引导的特殊疑问句
1. 询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。
2. What's the time?=What time is it?现在几点了?
3. 时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。
顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。
如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen
逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。
a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即<或=30,用past表示。其结构为:“分钟+past+整点” 意为“几点过几分”。
如:1:25 twenty-five past one
b. 当超过30分钟时,即>30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60—所 过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。
如:4:38 twenty-two to five
c. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。
三. how引导的特殊疑问句
1. how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:
a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)
b. by+交通工具(单数)
c. on/in+限定词+交通工具
---How do you go to school every day?
---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.
2. how far 用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种:
(1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers.
(2)用时间表示:It’s twenty minutes’walk.
3. how long 用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。
----How long have you learnt English?
----For 3 years.
4. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间, 用于将来时态, 常用“in+时间段”来回答。
----How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours.
四. 祈使句
祈使句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹号或句号。
1. 肯定的祈使句:
(1) 实义动词原形+其他 :Please look at that boy.
(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他:Be quiet, please.
2. 否定的祈使句:
(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形 Don't stand there.
(2) Don’t be+形容词+其他 Don't be so noisy.
(4) No+n./V-ing
No photos. 不许照相。
No talking. 不许谈话。
五. 现在进行时
现在进行时指当前时间正在发生的动作。常与now,at this moment,listen,look等词连用。
1. 现在进行时的基本结构
肯定式:am/is/are+doing(现在分词)
否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)
一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing(现在分词)+ 其他
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式
They’re having a meeting now. 他们现在正在开会。
They aren't having a meeting now. 他们现在没有在开会。
Are they having a meeting now? 他们现在正在开会吗?
What are they doing now? 他们现在正在做什么?
2. 现在进行时的基本用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。
The little boy is watching TV now. 这个小男孩现在正在看电视。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room. 听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。
(2)表示现阶段一直在进行着或是重复发生着的动作,不强调此时此刻正在做。常与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
I am studying computer this term. 这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
(3)表示说话人褒义或贬义的情感色彩,如赞许、批评、喜欢、厌恶等。此时常与alway、often等频度副词连用。
He is always thinking of others , not of himself. 他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。(表示赞许)
One of my roommates is often leaving things about. 我的一个室友经常乱扔东西。(表示不满)
(4)表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作。(现在进行时表示一般将来的含义。)
① 瞬时动词的进行时在任何情况下都表示将来含义。这些动词包括go , come , leave,arrive , return等。
I am leaving.
我将要离开了。
I am leaving tomorrow.
我将会明天离开。
② 持续动词的进行时,只有在有将来时间状语或将来语境的情况下才可以表示将来含义。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.
今天下午一位美国教授将要作 报告 。(将来含义)
An American professor is giving a lecture.
一个美国教授正在作报告。(进行含义)
3. 现在分词(doing)的变化规则
(1)一般在情况下,在动词词尾加-ing。
go——going
play——playing
know——knowing
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾动词,先去e再加-ing。
make——making
arrive——arriving
come——coming
(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且动词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。
run——running
stop——stopping
swim——swimming
run——running
put——putting
sit——sitting
begin——beginning
plan——planning
cut——cutting
get——getting
shop——shopping
chat——chatting
regret——regretting
dig——digging
(4)以-ie结尾,先将-ie改成y,再加-ing。
tie——tying
die——dying
lie——lying
六. There be结构
1. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物),强调存在”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地”,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首。
There is a book on the desk.
On the desk there is a book.
(1)肯定句:“There be+主语(某人/某物)+介词短语”
There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
(2)否定式:“There be +not+主语+介词短语”
There isn’t a boy in the room.房间里没有一个男孩。
There aren’t any books on the desk.书桌上没有书。
注意:“There be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be后加not或no即可。
注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,所以not a/an/any+n,相当于no+n。
There aren’t any pictures on the wall.
=There are no pictures on the wall.
There isn’t a bike behind the tree.
=There is no bike behind the tree.
(3)疑问式:Be there+主语+介词短语?”
肯定回答是:“Yes, there be.”否定回答是:“No, there+be与not的缩写形式”。
—Is there a lamp in your bedroom?在你的卧室里有台灯吗?
—Yes, there is.是的,有。
—Are there any clock in the living room?客厅里有钟吗?
—No, there aren’t.不,没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:一般有两种句型结构
How many+复数名词+are/were there+介词短语?
There’re many children in the park.
How many children are there in the park?
How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语?
There was little rain around the year.
How much rain was there around the year?
2. have表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”。
The man has two cars.
3. There be句型中的就近原则,即be和距其最近的主语保持一致。
There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.
七. 选择疑问句
选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况,让对方选择是哪一种,两个选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答,直接在两个选择里选一个回答。
---Is she tall or short? ---She is tall.
---Can you play the piano or play the guitar? ---I can play the piano
八. 名词
1. 名词单数变复数规则
在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:
(1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”
book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”
box→boxes,watch→watches
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”
family→families,comedy→comedies
(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es
knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves
(5) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women
tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer
2. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词
chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,当“小鸡”讲时可数;
room当“空间”讲时不可数,当“房间”讲时可数;
fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;
hair泛指“毛发”时不可数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;
sound意思是“一般性的声音”时,不可数,指“一次发出的声音”时可数;
paper当“纸”讲时不可数,当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数;
time当“时间”讲时不可数,当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数;
exercise泛指“锻炼”时不可数,当“练习、做操”讲时可数
九. 一般过去时
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。
He was here just now.
他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday?
你昨天做了什么事?
一般过去时基本结构
1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他
I was an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我是一名英语老师。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。
2. 否定句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我不是一名英语老师。
I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。
3. 一般疑问句:①was/were提到句首; ②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Were you an English teacher one year ago?
一年前你是一名英语老师吗?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What were you one year ago?
一年前你是做什么的?
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