初一英语语法学习

(1) 谓语动词have表示―有‖，有两种形式：have和has，前者用于第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they)，后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。 I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果，他有两个香蕉。 You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。

Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。

(2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较：两者都表示―有‖，但用法不同。前者表示所属关系，即表示―某人或某物有什么‖，而后者表示存在，表示―某地有什么。

They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。 There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。 She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。

There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。

(3) have/ has的否定句，

一般要加助动词do/ does，再加not构成，即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have) . She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。 We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。

Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。

94) 一般疑问句由―助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语‖构成，回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t. --Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗? --No, they don’t. 不，他们的房子不大。 --Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?

--Yes, he does. 他有的。

(5) 特殊疑问句由特殊

疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。 What do they have? 他们有什么?

What does he have? 他有什么?

How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话?

介词用法：

(1) 具体时间前介词用at。

He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。

She goes to bed at

eleven o’clock. 她十一点睡觉。

(2) 表示―在早上，在下午，在晚上‖的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略;表示―在中午，在夜里‖的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。

in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上 at noon在中午，at night在夜里

(3) 表示―在某天‖、―在某天的上午、下午等‖的短语用介词on。

What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么? He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。

Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。

(4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。

What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?

He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。

She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。

一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。 其动词形式是：动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does

(1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示

They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。

I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。

(2) 否定句用don’t + 动词原形来表示

We do not go shopping

on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。

I don’t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。

(3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首，后面动词用原形。回答时，肯定用 ―Yes, 主语+do‖;否定句用 ―No, 主语+don’t‖。

–Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他们七点去上学吗?

--Yes, they do.

--Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗?

--No, I don’t. 不，我不喜欢。

一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与以下的时间状语连用：often 经常，always 总是，sometimes 有时，usually 通常，every day/ week 每天/ 周等。

He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。

I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。

She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。 My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。

主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时

一般现在时态，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要是第三人称单数，后要加-s或-es。 He likes reading atnight. 他喜欢夜里读书。

She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。

The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。

1.复习词汇：

baseballsoccerball,have

2.词汇： tennis,racket,bat,volley,basketball,television,interesting,boring,fun,difficult,relaxing,welcome,our,sports,center,like,we,many,club,pingpong,more,join,class

3.句型：

DoyouhaveaTV?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.

Dotheyhavecomputer?Yes,theydo./No,theydon't.

Doeshe/shehaveasoccerball?Yes,he/shedoes.No,he/shedoesn't.

DoesChiyounghaveabaseball?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.

Let'splaysoccer.Idon'thaveasoccerball.

Well,Let'splayvolleyball.Thatsoundsgood.

语法重点：

行为动词have的一般现在时的用法;使用do和does引导的一般疑问句的构成和使用。

[第一类] 名词类

1. 这些女老师们在干什么?

[误] What are the woman teachers doing?

[正] What are the women teachers doing?

[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men, women.

2. 房间里有多少人?

[误] How many peoples are there in the room?

[正] How many people are there in the room?

[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。

3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a/ an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构，其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。

[第二类] 动词类

4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。

5. 琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。

[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening shewatching TV.

[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening sheis watching TV.

[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。

6. 这双鞋是红色的。

[误] This pair of shoes are red.

[正] This pair of shoes is red.

[析] 在shoes,trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。

[第三类] 代词类

7. 这张票是她的，不是我的。

[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

8. 吴老师教我们英语。

[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.

[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。

[第四类] 介词类

9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

[误] Can you find the answer of this question?

[正] Can you find the answer to this question?

[析] 英语中用“theanswer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。

10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。

[误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.

[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.

[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.

11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。

一、七年级英语语法--词法

(一)名词

1.名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的'构成如下：

(1)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

(2)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

(3)①以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

②以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

(4)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

(5)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

(6)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

(7)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

(8)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

(9)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

(10)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

(11) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

(12) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

2.名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

(1)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

(2)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’ Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day妇女节

(3)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

(二)代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词

人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself

复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

(三)动词

1.第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s，如下：

(1)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

(2)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

(3)①以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

②以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

(4)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes

(5)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

2.现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

(1)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

(2)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

(3)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

(4)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

(四)形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

(1) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

(2)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

(4)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst

little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

(五)数词 (基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、七年级英语语法--句式

(一)陈述句

肯定陈述句

1. This is a book. (be动词)

2. He looks very young. (连系动词)

3. I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)

4. I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)

5. There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)

否定陈述句

1. These aren’t their books.

2.They don’t look nice.

3. Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.

4. Kate can’t find her doll.

5. There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)

(二)祈使句

肯定祈使句

1. Please go and ask the man.

2. Let’s learn English!

3. Come in, please.

否定祈使句

1. Don’t be late.

2. Don’t hurry.

(三)疑问句

1. 一般疑问句

(1)Is Jim a student?

(2) Can I help you?

(3) Does she like salad?

(4) Do they watch TV?

(5) Is she reading?

肯定回答:

(1) Yes, he is.

(2) Yes, you can.

(3) Yes, she does.

(4) Yes, they do.

(5) Yes, she is.

否定回答:

(1) No, he isn’t.

(2) No, you can’t.

(3) No, she doesn’t.

(4) No, they don’t.

(5) No, she isn’t.

2. 选择疑问句

Is the table big or small?

回答 It’s big./ It’s small.

3.特殊疑问句

(1) 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

(2) 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

(3) 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

(4) 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.

(5) 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?

(6) 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.

When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.

(7) 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

(8) 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

(9) 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

(10) 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

(11) 问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.

What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.

What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.

(12) 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

(13) 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.

(14) 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.

(15) 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.

(16) 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

(17) 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.

What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

三、七年级英语语法--时态

(一)一般现在时

表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.

情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.

行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

(二)现在进行时

表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.

They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.