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专题辅导讲座反意疑问句分类归纳重庆市第十八中学 俞才抡反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句，通常是由一个陈述句及一个附加的一般疑问句（简略式）组成。其基本规则十分简单，即1. 如陈述部分是肯定的，则反问部分用否定形式；如陈述部分是否定的，则反问部分用肯定形式。2. 反问部分在时态、人称及其他方面必须和陈述部分保持一致。但是由于反意疑问句的陈述句部分可能涉及不同的语法现象，其反问部分就有较多变化。在反意疑问句的教学中常常出现两点不足。一是教师将若干反意疑问句杂乱罗列，令学生眼花缭乱而理不出头绪。二是教师对其类型收集不够全面，致使学生屡屡在考试时遭遇”生面孔”而不知所措。本文把29种特殊类型的反意疑问句按陈述部分的不同归纳为下列7大类，并分类给出了练习题。1．与含否定意义的词有关的反意疑问句 (检测题: 1—4 )如果陈述部分含有never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, nothing, nobody, few, little等具有否定意义的词，应将该句视为否定句，其反问部分要用肯定式。例如：They have never met each other before, have they?You have nothing more to say, have you? Few people know him, do they?2．与主语有关的反意疑问句 (检测题: 5—10 )（1）如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that，或是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等，由于它们是第三人称单数并且指代事物，其反问部分的主语为it。 例如： This / That is your bike, isn’t it? Nothing can stop us now, can it?（2）如果陈述部分的主语是不定代词someone(body), anyone(body), everyone(body), no one, nobody 等，由于它们是第三人称单数并且指代人，其反问部分的主语可以是they也可以是泛指第三人称单数的he。例如： Everyone passed the exam, didn’t they / he? Someone is coming, aren’t they / isn’t he ? Anyone can see it, can’t they / he?（3）如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these 或those，应把它们视为第三人称复数，其反问部分的主语为they。例如： These / Those aren’t guitars, are they?（4）如果陈述句部分是以I am开头，由于am not没有缩写形式，所以其反问部分用aren’t 或ain’t或am I not。例如： I am a worker, aren’t I / ain’t I / am I not? (5)如果陈述句部分的主语是none of...，其反问部分的主语应分别用it、we、you或they来代替。例如： None of the food was wasted, was it?（注：food不可数，视为第三人称单数。） None of us are perfect, are we? None of you went to the cinema, did you? None of the students heard the news, did they?（6）如果陈述句部分的主语是some of...，其反问部分的主语分别用we或they代替。例如： Some of us wanted to stay longer, didn’t we? （注：本句中的some 包括说话人） On the way back, some of us lost the way, didn’t they? （注：本句中的some不包括说话人）（7）如果陈述句部分的主语是one，其反问部分的主语仍然用one。例如： One should be strict with oneself, shouldn’t one? (8) 如果陈述句部分是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，其反问部分的主语要用复数。例如： Neither you nor I am a doctor, are we?3．与谓语有关的反意疑问句 (检测题: 11—22 )（1）如果陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词must, can等，其反问部分不能用情态动词，而应根据具体情况而定。例如： He must be a teacher, isn’t he? (思路：He must be a teacher. à He is a teacher.) She must have arrived there yesterday, didn’t she? (思路：She must have arrived there yesterday. à She arrived there yesterday.) You must have made the mistake, haven’t you? (思路：You must have made the mistake. à You have made the mistake.) 但是如果陈述部分含有不表推测的情态动词must, can等，则不属此例，试比较： He must find the proof, mustn’t he?（2）如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-, un-, im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike, discourage, be unfair/ untrue/ unable, etc.)，仍按肯定句处理，其反问部分要用否定式。例如： You dislike it, don’t you? The patient is unable to move round, isn’t he? The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, didn’t it? 但是如果陈述句中的谓语是disappear, be unnecessary等, 则不属此例，要按否定句处理，其反问部分要用肯定式。例如： It is unnecessary to buy a bigger computer, is it?（3）如果陈述句部分的谓语是“有”动词have、has或had，其反问部分既可用have的适当形式，也可用do的适当形式。例如： Tom has an interesting book, hasn’t / doesn’t he?（4）如果陈述句部分的谓语是不作“有”讲的行为动词have、has或had，其反问部分只能用do的适当形式。例如：You have headaches, don’t you?You had a good time yesterday, didn’t you?（5）如果陈述句部分的谓语是have to或has to，其反问部分只能用do的适当形式。例如： Alice has to finish her homework now, doesn’t she?（6）如果陈述句部分的谓语是had better，其反问部分只能用hadn’t。例如： You had better stay in bed till tomorrow, hadn’t you? (7) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有used to，其反问部分既可用use(d)n’t，也可用didn’t。例如： There used to be some trees in this field, use(d)n’t / didn’t there? You used to smoke a pipe, use(d)n’t / didn’t you? (8) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有ought to，其反问部分既可用oughtn’t，也可用shouldn’t。例如： Zhou Lan ought to pass the National College Entrance Examinations, oughtn’t / shouldn’t she?(9) 如果陈述句部分的谓语是表示愿望的wish，其反问部分只能用may（的肯定式）。例如： I wish t go to Beijing for a short visit, may I?4. 与祈使句有关的反意疑问句 (检测题: 23—27 )（1）以表示建议的肯定祈使句开头的反意疑问句，其疑问部分通常为will you，也可以是won’t you。（我们可以把该祈使句转换成一个表示委婉建议的疑问句来考虑。）例如： Please turn down the radio, will / won’t you? （思路：Please turn down the radio.à Will you please turn down the radio?） Wait for a moment, will / won’t you? （思路：Wait for a moment. à Will you wait for a moment?） (2) 以否定祈使句开头的反意疑问句，其疑问部分为will you。（思路同上。）例如： Please don’t draw on the wall, will you? (3) 以Let’s开头，表示建议的祈使句，由于句中的主语实际上包括听、说双方，所以其疑问部分为shall / shan’t we。例如： Let’s have a rest, shall / shan’t we? (4) 由Let’s not开头，表示建议的祈使句，其疑问部分用all right或O. K.。例如： Let’s not go shopping, all right / OK? (5) 以Let us / me开头，征询意见的祈使句，由于句中的主语实际上仅指对方，所以其疑问部分为will you。 例如： Let us go there, will you ? Let me have another try, will you?5．与感叹句有关的反意疑问句 (检测题: 28—29 ) 如果陈述部分是感叹句，其反问部分要用否定式。如果陈述部分有省略，要将省略部分恢复后才能确定反问部分的写法。例如： What a beautiful day (it is ), isn’t it? How clever the girl is, isn’t she?6．与there be…句型有关的反意疑问句 (检测题: 30—32 ) 如果陈述句部分是there be…句型，其反问部分要用…there。例如： There is a map on the wall, isn’t there? 比较：There goes the bus, doesn’t it? （注：本句并非there be…句型）7．与复合句有关的反意疑问句 (检测题: 33—38 )（1）一般来说，如果陈述部分是主从复合句，其反问部分的主语和助动词应与主句的主语和助动词保持一致。因为这种复合句的重点在主句。例如： If he hasn’t finished his work, he can’t go out to play, can he?（2）以第一人称(I / We)+ think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / etc.开头的主从复合句，其疑问部分的主谓语应与从句的主谓语保持一致。因为这种复合句的重点在从句。例如： I think he has arrived at the airport, hasn’t he? （3）以第一人称(I / We)+ don’t + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / etc.开头的主从复合句，则应将主句中的“否定”还原到从句中处理，即将该主从复合句转换成一个具有否定含义的单句来考虑。例如： I don’t believe she knows it, does she? （思路：I don’t believe she knows it. à I believe she doesn’t know it. à She doesn’t know it.） （4）以第二、三人称 + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / etc.开头的主从复合句，视为一般的主从复合句，其反问部分的写法与(1)同。例如：You believe they will come, don’t you?He believes they will come, doesn’t he?反意疑问句过关检测题1. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___? A. didn’t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn’t she2. There’s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there? A. no, isn’t B. some, is C. little, isn’t D. any, is3. He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t he4. — He seldom came here, _____? — Yes sir. A. didn’t he B. does he C. doesn’t he D. did he 5. Everything seems all right, _____ ? A. does it B. don’t they C. won’t it D. doesn’t it6. Nobody was absent from the meeting, ____ ? A. was it B. were they C. wasn’t he D. weren’t they7. One can’t be too modest, can _____ ? A. one B. he C. it D. we8. No one failed in the exam, _____ ? A. was he B. did one C. did they D. didn’t he 9. I’m a little late for class, _____ I? A. amn’t B. am not C. isn’t D. ain’t10. Neither you nor I am a artist, _____ ?A. am I B. aren’t we C. are we D. ain’t I 11. He can’t be her father, _____ he? A. is B. isn’t C. can D. can’t12. They have no time to visit the museum, _____? A. do they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. will they13. You have John do the work, _____? A. do you B. don’t you C. haven’t you D. have you14. You’d better go at once, _____ you? A. hadn’t B. did C. didn’t D. don’t15. You’d rather work than play, _____ you? A. hadn’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. mustn’t16. You dare not do that, _____ you? A. don’t B. do C. dare D. daren’t17. You must be tired, _____ you? A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. aren’t D. can’t18. He dislikes the two subjects, _____ he? A. does B. doesn’t C. is D. isn’t19. These tools are useless now, _____ ? A. are they B. aren’t they C. is it D. isn’t it20. He used to get up at 6:30, _____ he? A. didn’t he B. did he C. used he D. wouldn’t he 21. I wish to go home early, _____ I? A. can B. must C. may D. do22. He ought to win the first prize, _______ he? A. mustn’t B. oughtn’t C. shouldn’t D. Both B and C. 23. Let’s go there by bus, ___? A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you D. will you 24. Let us go to play football, ___? A. will you B. shall we C. do we D. are we25. Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ___? A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. do you26. — Let’s go shopping this afternoon, _____? — All right. A. will we B. shall we C. don’t we D. are we27. — Pass me the dictionary, _____? — Yes, with pleasure. A. would you B. will you C. won’t you D. wouldn’t you 28. — What beautiful weather, _____ ? — Yes, it is. A. is it B. isn’t it C. am I right D. do you agree 29. What kind people, _____ they?A. aren’t B. are C. won’t D. will 30. There is little water in the glass, ____? A. isn’t there B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there31. — They don’t seem to answer the phone. — There isn’t anybody at home, _____? A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. is it32. There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening, _____ ?A. will there not B. will there C. is there D. won’t 33. — I guess she taught herself Japanese, ______? — Yes. A. don’t I B. did she C. do I D. didn’t she34. I don’t believe you are right, _____ ? A. are you B. do you C. won’t you D. do 35. She doesn’t think that Tom sings best in the class, _____ ? A. does she B. doesn’t she C. does he D. doesn’t he 36. I told you that everybody couldn’t do it well, _____ ? A. didn’t I B. could they C. could he D. did I37. I know you didn’t want to hurt me, _____ ? A. did you B. didn’t you C. do I D. don’t I 38. If my father were here he would be very happy, _____ ?A. weren’t he B. were he C. wouldn’t he D. would he Key: 1—5 CDBDD 6—10 BACDC 11—15 AABAB 16—20 CCBBA 21—25CDBAA 26—30 BBBAD 31—35 BBDAA 36—38 AAC作者简介：俞才抡 1969年毕业于四川外语学院英语系，中学高级教师。在国内报刊上发表数十篇英语教学类文章。著有《中学英语短语词典》（四川大学出版社）；《中学英语重点难点词典》（成都科技大学出版社）；《高中英语优化导学手册》（重庆大学出版社）；《中学生英语疑难词语用法词典》（重庆大学出版社）；《高考英语疑难词词典》（北京师范大学出版社）《最新课标词汇高中英语学习词典》（中国大百科全书出版社）《高考英语能力突破－词汇》（上海外语教育出版社）；《中学英语词汇用法例解大全》（清华大学出版社）；《新课标初中英语词汇大全》（广西师范大学出版社）；《初中英语词汇与语法》（华东理工大学出版社）；《高中英语词汇与语法》（华东理工大学出版社）；《高中英语语法百问百答》（华东理工大学出版社）。