英语分词短语大全

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。1、 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.（2）过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.3、分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.This is really an exhausting day to all of us!We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries4、分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。 一.现在分词的用法：[编辑本段]1) 做表语：He was very amused.That book was rather boring.很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.2) 作定语：上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：That must have been a terrifying experience.I found him a charming person.现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：There are a few boys swimming in the river.There is a car waiting outside.3) 作状语：现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.Opening the drawer, he took out a box.Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Returning home, he began to do his homework.Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.Be careful when crossing the road.Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.Having finished her work, she went home.4)作宾补：现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something burning.She kept him working all day.二.过去分词的用法：[编辑本段]1) 作表语：We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.They were very pleased with the girl.I’m satisfied with your answer.He is not interested in research.2) 作定语：She has a pleased look on her face.The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.cooked food a written reportfried eggs boiled waterfrozen food armed forcesrequired courses fallen leavesfinished products a forced smilethe risen sun new arrived visitorsWhat’s the language spoken in that country?They’re problem left over by history.The play put on by the teachers was a big success.Is there anybody injured?Do you know the number of books ordered?3)作状语：Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.They came in, followed by some children.Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.4)作宾补：过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.When they get back home, they found the room robbed.

独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分.该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开.独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致.在做这类题目时一定要小心判断,不能粗心大意. 一、独立主格结构的构成形式 独立主格结构的构成方式为：名词普通格或代词主格＋现在分词／过去分词／不定式／名词／形容词／副词／介词短语等.使用独立主格结构是因为出现了与句子主语不一致的情况. 1． 名词或代词＋现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态.如： The man lay there,his hands trembling. 那个男子躺在那儿,双手在颤抖. 有时,现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略.如： The weather (being) fine,we decided to go swimming. 天气晴朗,我们决定去游泳. 2． 名词或代词＋过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作.如： The girl sat there silent,her head bent low. 这姑娘一声不响,低着头坐在那里. All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yours. 各方面考虑起来,她的论文比你的论文更要有价值一些. 3． 名词或代词＋不定式（短语） 不定式表示将来的动作.如： He suggested going for a picnic,Mary to provide the food. 他建议去野餐,由玛丽负责提供食物. Time is pressing,two hours to go only. 时间紧迫,只剩两个小时了. 4． 名词或代词＋名词（短语） 如： Many people joined in the work,some of them women and children. 许多人参加了这项工作,其中一些人是妇女和儿童. 5． 名词或代词＋形容词（短语） 形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质或状态.如： The floor wet,we had to stay outside for a while. 地面很湿,我们只好在外面呆一会儿. 6． 名词或代词＋副词 副词也多是说明前面名词或代词的状态.如： The meeting over,we all went home. 会议结束了,我们都回家了. 7． 名词或代词＋介词短语 如： The teacher came in,a book in his hand. 老师进来了,手里拿着一本书. 有时,独立主格结构中名词前面的定语可以省略.如： The boy lay silently on the grass,(his) eyes closed. A girl was walking in the street,(a) flower in (her) hand.

sth. is flying 并不可以说成 ....将要飞哦，用现在进行时表将来，动词需为瞬时性动词(come arrive go begin等)，而fly不是瞬时性动词，它是延续性动词。现在分词作前置定语主要有两个功能:1.动作为主动2.动作正在进行中。