综合商务英语1

考试涵盖语言和商务两方面的内容。语言方面测试国际商务环境中英语听、说、读、写、译能力；商务方面涉及国际商务中的常见业务，突出国际贸易实务。一、语言能力要求1. 听力 能够听懂语速为130词/分钟左右的商务会话或陈述，能掌握其要点和相关细节，并领会说话人的态度、感情和真实意图。内容涉及日常问候、接听电话、约会安排、招聘面试、会议组织、产品描述、价格谈判等商务活动。词汇不超出本大纲词汇表。2. 阅读 能读懂商务信函、广告、备忘录、便条、通知、通用商务单证等商务材料，能运用有效的阅读技巧，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和相关细节，并能够进行归纳推理。阅读速度不低于70词/分钟。3. 写作 能够在30分钟内完成不少于100词的商务写作任务。涉及简历、备忘录、商务信函、通知等应用文体。内容完整，格式正确，语言准确，语意连贯。能够运用基本的写作技巧。4. 翻译 能够翻译简单的商务信函、产品说明等材料，译文正确。5. 口语 能够在日常接待、会议安排、产品描述、业务联系、价格磋商等商务活动中进行交流。表达清楚、流畅，能够较好地运用会话策略，准确表达意见、观点、情感等。6.词汇 要求词汇量达到4,500词，其中商务专业词汇1,500词左右。二、商务部分1. 商务办公工厂/公司介绍、 电话接听、 来访者接待、邮件/包裹收发、约见登记、工作日志、办公设备操作、事故报告、时间分配和管理、工作岗位描述、求职面试、工作流程组织和监督、会议组织和记录、商务旅行和住宿安排2.商务礼仪电话礼仪、名片礼仪、信函礼仪、求职礼仪、 宴请礼仪、谈判礼仪、文化差异与禁忌3.国际市场营销市场与需求、 消费者购买行为、产品、 定价、分销、促销4.国际贸易国际贸易基本概念，合同磋商的基本环节，质量和数量的表示方法，包装与运输标志，主要贸易术语的具体内容，折扣与佣金，运输方式选择和条款订立，运输中的风险、损失、险别， 主要结算票据，主要结算方式，检验、索赔、不可抗力、仲裁，服务贸易与知识产权5.其它外汇汇率，外汇风险，合同的成立、履行、让与、违约救济，汇票、本票和支票，网上批发、在线零售、在线拍卖希望这些能对你有所帮助

consumer market 消费市场Consumer is a broad label for any individuals or households that use goods and services generated within the economy. The concept of a consumer occurs in different contexts, so that the usage and significance of the term may vary.The "consumer" is the one who consumes the goods and services produced. As such, consumers plays a vital role in the economic system of a nation because in the absence of the effective demand that emanates from them, the economy virtually collapses. Mahatma Gandhi said a customer is the most important visitor in our premises. He is not dependent on us, we are on him. He is not an interruption to our work, he is the purpose of it[citation needed].Typically when business people and economists talk of consumers they are talking about person as consumer, an aggregated commodity item with little individuality other than that expressed in the buy/not-buy decision. However there is a trend in marketing to individualize the concept. Instead of generating broad demographic profiles and psycho-graphic profiles of market segments, marketers have started to engage in personalized marketing, permission marketing, and mass customization.[1]There is increasing backlash from the public over use of the label "consumer" rather than "customer", with many finding it offensive and derogatory. [2]