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英语关联词 —并列连词 1 并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系. 1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分. 1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this week or next week 2)连接分句:I went and she also. 2.可分别表示下列关系. 1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe- less 2) 因果:so, for, therefore 3) 选择:or, either…or, neither…nor 英语关联词 —并列连接词 2 4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also) 英语关联词 —关联词 关联词 用于引导从句. 1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is. 2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it to you. 3.形容词从句:He's the best student I've ever taught. 英语关联词 —连接词 1 关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键. 1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分. 1) that(无含义): I said that he was wrong. 2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系): I don't know whether it is correct. 英语关联词 —连接词 2 2.连接代词 1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和 定语. A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词): I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语: Ask him which he wants. 英语关联词 —关联词 3 C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定 语: I wonder whose house that is. D. what 做上面提及的各种成分: I don't know what I should do. What can be done 2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语. We can't decide whom to invite. We must decide what to do. I couldn't decide which to choose. 英语关联词 —关联词 4 3.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句 中做状语. 1) how: That's how I look at it. 2) where: I don't know where he lives. 3) when: Tell me when to use the tool. 4) why: I'll tell you why you have to do it. 英语关联词 —关系词 1 4.关系代词 1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语 who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用 的介词): The man who spoke is my teacher. I don't know who he is. The man who I saw told me that. 2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语: The man whom I saw told me that. 英语关联词 —关系词 2 3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示 "某物的", 在从句中做定语: That's the man whose son is my pupil. The room whose window faces south is her bedroom. The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom. 英语关联词 —关系词 3 4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语: I like the picture which was taken in front of the main building. 5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注 意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法. A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时: This is the best film that I've ever seen. 英语关联词 —关系词 4 B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时: the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every. This is the last chance that you have. You are the only friend that I have. He told me all that he knew. 英语关联词 —关系词 5 C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时: much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody. There's nothing in the world that can frighten him. D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中 的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that. Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one that goes to London 英语关联词 —关系词 6 E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时: The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 6) 关系代词做介词宾语. A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所 在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可 放在其所在的从句的句尾. Is this the car for which you paid a high price 英语关联词 —关系词 7 Is this the car which you paid a high price for Is this the car that you paid a high price for Is this the car you paid a high price for B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中) "分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关 系代词的前面: 英语关联词 —关系词 8 The years during which he was away were long years to her. He wrote many books, some of which C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必 须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前: This is the book which he has been looking for. 7)关系代词的省略. A.关系代词作宾语时: The girl I work with is coming. 英语关联词 —关系词 9 B.that在定语从句中做表语时: He is not the man that he was when I saw him first. He is not the man he was when I saw him first. 5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语. 1)where 地点: That's one point where I'd like your advice. 英语关联词 —关系词 10 2) when 时间: At the time when I saw him, he was ill. 3) why 原因: That is the reason why I came so early. 4) that 方式/时间/原因 I like the way that /in which he did it. 英语关联词 —关系词 11 That was the first time (that) I saw him. The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = where This is the school in which/at which/ where he works. 6)for which = why I don't the reason for which he left. 英语关联词 —关系词 12 7)on which = when The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988.
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逻辑指的是思维的规律和规则，是对思维过程的抽象。有时候谈及逻辑，尤其是用英语交谈，往往感觉没有词语可用，下面，我们来看看，谈论逻辑常用的英语单词有哪些。 1).logic Everyone has a set of logic in dealing with things. 1).n.逻辑学，逻辑性 每个人都有一套处理问题的逻辑。 2).infer We can infer from the letter that the writer needed money badly 2).v.推断，推理 我们可以从信中推断出写信人急需钱。 3).reason The private detective reasoned that the killer would appear because it was a good chance to take action as he planned 3).v.推理，推断 私人的侦探推理杀手将会出现，因为这是一个按照他的计划采取行动的好机会。 4).deduce From what he said we may deduce that he was lying 4).v.推理 从他所说的话，我们可以推断出他在撒谎。 5),speculate lf you really want to speculate about her motives, you had better follow her track 5),v.推测，推断 如果你真想推测出她的动机所在，你最好跟踪她。 6).ratiocinate To make things worse, our teacher asks us to ratiocinate with the method of syllogism 6).v.推理，推断 更糟糕的是，我们老师要求我们用三段论法推论。 7).contradict What you said just now contradicts the actual result that we all have seen 7). v.反驳，与……相矛盾 你刚才所说的与我们大家所看到的实际结果有矛盾。 8).include I wonder if the house price includes furniture and water fees 8).v.包括，包含 我想知道房价是否包括家具和水费。 9).exclude We must go to work every day, Sundays excluded 9).v.不包括 除星期天外，我们每天都要去上班。 10).illogical Anyway we can’t accept his illogical inference, and we should do a further study of this issue 10).adj.不合逻辑的 不管怎样我们不能接受他不合逻辑的推理，我们应该对这件事做更深入的调查研究。 11).true You might as well tell me your true feelings 11).adj.真正的 你不妨告诉我你的真实感受。 12).false 1 want to tell you that what Bob told you yesterday was false 12).adj.不真实的 我想告诉你鲍勃昨天所说的都是假的。 13).absurd It is an absurd idea for you to go to swim in such a cold day 13).adj.荒谬的，不合理的 在这样冷的天你要出去游泳，真是荒谬不堪啊。 14).inconsistent The title of your composition is inconsistent with the content of It 14).adj.不一致，相矛盾 你所写作文的.题目与作文里的内容不太一致。 15).hypothesis Scientists have proposed a series of hypotheses to explain the origin of man 15).n.假设，假说 科学家提出了一系列的假设，试图说明人类的起源问题。 16).presume Even though we presume that he is dead, we still can't solve this problem 16).v.假设 即使我们假设他已经死了，我们仍然解决不了这个问题。 17).assume I assume you finish your homework before nine o'clock 17).v.假定，假设 我假设你9点之前写完作业。
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