英语倒装句的结构

基本结构：一般放在主语之后，但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义，在一些疑问句或感叹句中，就把谓语提前到主语前面。

倒装分为完全倒装和半倒装。

1,完全倒装是把主谓完全颠倒，如：On the ground lies a man .原型是A man lies on the gound .

主语a man 谓语lies.

2,部分倒装，就是把情态动词、助动词等置于句首，如 do .

常见的倒装：not until ,nor , so , 以及副词状语开头的句子都用倒装。

虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。

为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。

扩展资料：

在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。

主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序。

一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；

二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。

而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）。

前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误；后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

1.表示强调

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调，其表现形式如下：

1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首，被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装。

例子：

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。

Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。

例子：

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

我刚到家就下起了雨。

Seldom do I go to work by bus.

我很少乘公共汽车上班。

Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .

她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。

3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

例子：

So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.

他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。

To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.

她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分，其语气较自然语序强烈，因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

参考资料：百度百科——倒装句

倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时.常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run. There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词. Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装. Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前.如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前. 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等. Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装. 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装. I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1) Why can't I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题.当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构. 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等.本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个. 改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了. 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题 No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置).这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等. 注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构.如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构. Not only you but also I am fond of music. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won't go, neither will I. 典型例题 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know, _____. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装.A错在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词. D缺乏连词. 注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构.意为"的确如此". Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）. 注意： 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词. 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意: 让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用. 其他部分倒装 1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装. So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy. 3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装. Were I you, I would try it again. 典型例题： 1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know 答案为D. 否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构. 2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B. 3) Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don't know, ___. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不".由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现.其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中.

倒装句英语结构如下：

部分倒装结构，谓语的一部分跑到了主语之前。例句：can we learn English。完全倒装结构，谓语整个部分放到主语之前，主谓变成谓主，例句：In the classroom sits a student。

倒装句的结构，倒装句。请大家注意第一个字读的是倒。那么倒装句英语当中有两种情况，我们就知道一下，一个叫做部分倒装，一个叫完全倒装。其实特别好理解，部分倒装那就是一部分倒过来。完全倒装就是完全倒过来，很好理解。

那部分倒装指的是哪部分以及什么和什么倒装呢？大家一定要记住就是主谓就可以了，一定是主谓的顺序发生了变化，名词动词的顺序发生了变化，这个就叫倒装。

首先我们看部分倒装，部分倒装就指的是谓语的一部分。跑到主语之前，我们想通常情况下都是主谓这样一个顺序。但如果说谓语的一部分跑到了主语之前，这个就部分倒装。我们看一个句子。Only in this way，can we learn English？

Well，can we learn？我们看一下主谓的部分，主语是we，我们才能学好英语。We can learn English什么是can learn。这是整个谓语部分。可是谓语的一部分跑到主语之前这句话变成了can we learn English？这个就叫部分倒装。