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阿甘正传 Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is a 1994 American drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and the name of the title character of both. The film was a huge commercial success, earning US$677 million worldwide during its theatrical run making it the top grossing film in North America released that year. The film garnered a total of 13 Academy Award nominations, of which it won six, including Best Picture, Best Visual Effects, Best Director (Robert Zemeckis), and Best Actor (Tom Hanks).The film tells the story of a man with an IQ of 75 and his epic journey through life, meeting historical figures, influencing popular culture and experiencing first-hand historic events while being largely unaware of their significance, due to his lower than average intelligence. The film differs substantially from the book on which it was based.PlotThe film begins with a feather falling to the feet of Forrest Gump who is sitting at a bus stop in Savannah, Georgia. Forrest picks up the feather and puts it in the book Curious George, then tells the story of his life to a woman seated next to him. The listeners at the bus stop change regularly throughout his narration, each showing a different attitude ranging from disbelief and indifference to rapt veneration.On his first day of school, his mother had sex with the principal to get him into the school despite his low I.Q., and he meets a girl named Jenny, whose life is followed in parallel to Forrest's at times. Having discarded his leg braces, his ability to run at lightning speed gets him into college on a football scholarship, where he plays for legendary Alabama head coach Paul "Bear" Bryant; during this time, he was also chosen as a member of the All-American Football Team and he was invited to meet President Kennedy at the White House. After his college graduation, he enlists in the army and is sent to Vietnam, where he makes fast friends with a man named Bubba, who convinces Forrest to go into the shrimping business with him when the war is over. After a ferocious Vietnamese attack, however, Forrest ends up saving much of his platoon from the Viet Cong, including his platoon leader, Lt. Dan Taylor, a career military officer who felt his destiny was to die in battle like his ancestors did who fought in every major war that America fought since the Revolution. Bubba is killed in action. Lt. Dan is unwillingly saved by Forrest but loses his legs. Forrest is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism by President Lyndon Johnson.At an anti-war rally in Washington, D.C. Forrest reunites with Jenny, who has been living a hippie counterculture lifestyle.While Forrest is in recovery for a bullet shot to his "butt-tox", he discovers his uncanny ability for ping-pong, eventually gaining popularity and rising to celebrity status, later playing ping-pong competitively against Chinese teams. He is later invited to the White House and is given an award from President Nixon. That evening he calls security when he sees flashlights in an office building across from his hotel room at the Watergate Hotel; this leads to the Watergate scandal and the subsequent resignation of Richard Nixon.He appears on the Dick Cavett show in 1971 and inspires John Lennon to write the song "Imagine." After the broadcast, he briefly reunites with his old commanding officer Lieutenant Dan in New York. Dan, after losing both legs in war, has become extremely pessimistic, and has resorted to debauchery.Returning home, Forrest endorses a company that makes ping-pong paddles, earning himself $25,000 which he uses to buy a shrimping boat, fulfilling his promise to Bubba. Eventually, Lieutenant Dan joins him. Though initially Forrest has little success, after finding his boat, the only surviving boat in the area after Hurricane Carmen in the fall of 1974, he begins to pull in huge amounts of shrimp and uses it to buy an entire fleet of shrimp boats. Lieutenant Dan invests the money in Apple Computer and Forrest is financially secure for the rest of his life. He returns home to see his mother's last days as she is dying of cancer circa 1975.One day, Jenny returns to visit Forrest and he proposes marriage to her. She declines, though feels obliged to prove her love to him by sleeping with him. She leaves early the next morning. On a whim, Forrest elects to go for a run. Seemingly capricious at first, he decides to keep running across the country several times, over some three and a half years, becoming famous.In the present-day (the early 1980s in the film), Forrest reveals that he is waiting at the bus stop because he received a letter from Jenny who, having seen him run on television, asks him to visit her. Once he is reunited with Jenny, Forrest discovers she has a young son, of whom Forrest is the father. Jenny tells Forrest she is suffering from a virus (probably HIV, though this is never definitively stated).[1][2][3] Together the three move back to Greenbow, Alabama. Jenny and Forrest finally marry. Jenny dies soon afterward.The film ends with father and son waiting for the school bus on little Forrest's first day of school. Opening the book his son is taking to school, the white feather from the beginning of the movie is seen to fall from within the pages. As the bus pulls away, the white feather is caught on a breeze and drifts skyward.[edit] ThemesThough superficially Gump might not seem to understand all that goes on around him, the viewer gets the sense that he knows enough, the rest being superfluous detail. Roger Ebert offers the example of Jenny telling Forrest, "You don't know what love is."[4]Also explored in the film are the opposing ideas that in life we either follow a set plan, or that we float about randomly like a feather in the wind. Relevant to this idea is the now famous quotation from the film, "life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you're gonna get."It has been noted that while Forrest follows a very conservative lifestyle, Jenny's life is full of countercultural embrace, replete with drug usage and antiwar rallies, and that their eventual marriage might be a kind of tongue-in-cheek reconciliation. However, the nature of Jenny's death has lead others to conclude that the movie is looking down on counterculture lifestyles, considering them to be the wrong type of path to choose.Other commentators believe that the film forecasted the 1994 Republican Revolution and used the image of Forrest Gump to promote traditional, conservative values adhered by Gump's character.[5][edit] Production detailsKen Ralston and his team at Industrial Light & Magic were responsible for the film's visual effects. Using CGI-techniques it was possible to depict Gump meeting now-deceased presidents and shaking their hands.Archival footage was used and with the help of techniques like chroma key, warping, morphing and rotoscoping, Tom Hanks was integrated into it. This feat was honored with an Oscar for Best Visual Effects.The CGI removal of actor Gary Sinise's legs, after his character had them amputated, was achieved by wrapping his legs with a blue fabric, which later facilitated the work of the "roto-paint"-team to paint out his legs from every single frame. At one point, while hoisting himself into his wheelchair, his "missing" legs are used for support.Dick Cavett played himself in the 1970s with make-up applied to make it appear that he was much younger than the commentator was during the filming. Consequently, Cavett is the only well-known figure in the film to actually play himself for the feature, rather than via archive footage.Differences from novelForrest Gump is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom. Both center around the character of Forrest Gump. However, the film primarily focuses on the first eleven chapters of the novel, before skipping ahead to the end of the novel with the founding of Bubba Gump Shrimp and the meeting with Forrest Jr. In addition to skipping some parts of the novel, the film adds several aspects to Forrest's life that do not occur in the novel, such as his needing leg braces as a child and his run across the country.Forrest's core character and personality are also changed from the novel, and it has been reported that Groom was annoyed by the changes.[6] For example, in the book Forrest is crude, curses regularly, joins a band with Jenny, has a prolonged sexual relationship with Jenny, smokes dope, becomes a professional wrestler, and an astronaut. What is impossible in the book is made plausible in the movie.[edit] ReceptionIn Tom Hanks' words, "The film is non-political and thus non-judgmental". Nevertheless, in 1994, CNN's Crossfire debated whether the film had a left- or right-wing bias. Filmmaker Lloyd Kaufman has noted that Gump's successes result from doing what he is told by others, and never showing any initiative of his own, in contrast to Jenny's more forthright and independent character who is shown descending into drugs, prostitution, and death.[7]The film received mostly positive critical reviews at the time of its release, with Roger Ebert saying, "The screenplay by Eric Roth has the complexity of modern fiction....[Hanks'] performance is a breathtaking balancing act between comedy and sadness, in a story rich in big laughs and quiet truths....what a magical movie."[8] The film received notable pans from several major reviewers, however, including The New Yorker and Entertainment Weekly, which said that the movie "reduces the tumult of the last few decades to a virtual-reality theme park: a baby-boomer version of Disney's America."[9] As of June 2008, the film garners a 72% "Fresh" rating from critics on Rotten Tomatoes.[10]However, the film is commonly seen as a polarizing one for audiences, with Entertainment Weekly writing in 2004, "Nearly a decade after it earned gazillions and swept the Oscars, Robert Zemeckis' ode to 20th-century America still represents one of cinema's most clearly drawn lines in the sand. One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates."[11] The film also came in at #76 on AFI's Top-100 American movies of all time list in 2007.[edit] CastActor Role Tom Hanks Forrest Gump Robin Wright Penn Jenny Curran Gary Sinise Lieutenant Dan Taylor Mykelti Williamson Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue Sally Field Forrest's mother Michael Conner Humphreys Young Forrest Gump Hanna R. Hall Young Jenny Curran Haley Joel Osment Forrest Gump Jr. Sam Anderson Principal Hancock Geoffrey Blake Wesley, SDS Organizer David Brisbin Newscaster Peter Dobson Elvis Presley Siobhan Fallon Dorothy Harris, School Bus Driver Osmar Olivo Drill Sergeant Brett Rice High School Football Coach Sonny Shroyer Coach Paul "Bear" Bryant Kurt Russell Voice of Elvis Presley Harold G. Herthum Doctor SoundtrackMain articles: Forrest Gump (soundtrack) and Forrest Gump - Original Motion Picture ScoreThe soundtrack from Forrest Gump had a variety of music from the 50s, 60s, 70s, and early 80s performed by American artists. It went on to sell 12 million copies, and is one of the top selling albums in the United States.1994 Academy Awards (Oscars)Won - Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role — Tom Hanks Won - Best Director — Robert Zemeckis Won - Best Film Editing — Arthur Schmidt Won - Best Picture — Wendy Finerman, Steve Starkey, Steve Tisch Won - Best Visual Effects — Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, Allen Hall Won - Best Adapted Screenplay — Eric Roth Nominated - Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role — Gary Sinise (as Lieutenant Dan Taylor) Nominated - Best Achievement in Art Direction — Rick Carter, Nancy Haigh Nominated - Best Achievement in Cinematography — Don Burgess Nominated - Best Makeup — Daniel C. Striepeke, Hallie D'Amore Nominated - Best Original Score — Alan Silvestri Nominated - Best Sound Mixing — Randy Thom, Tom Johnson, Dennis S. Sands, William B. Kaplan Nominated - Best Sound Editing — Gloria S. Borders, Randy Thom 1995 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films (Saturn Awards)Won - Best Supporting Actor (Film) — Gary Sinise Won - Best Fantasy Film Nominated - Best Actor (Film) — Tom Hanks Nominated - Best Music — Alan Silvestri Nominated - Best Special Effects — Ken Ralston Nominated - Best Writing — Eric Roth 1995 Amanda AwardsWon - Best Film (International) 1995 American Cinema Editors (Eddies)Won - Best Edited Feature Film — Arthur Schmidt 1995 American Comedy AwardsWon - Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) — Tom Hanks 1995 American Society of CinematographersNominated - Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases — Don Burgess 1995 BAFTA Film AwardsWon - Outstanding Achievement in Special Visual Effects — Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, Doug Chiang, Allen Hall Nominated - Best Actor in a Leading Role — Tom Hanks Nominated - Best Actress in a Supporting Role — Sally Field Nominated - Best Film — Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch, Steve Starkey, Robert Zemeckis Nominated - Best Cinematography — Don Burgess Nominated - David Lean Award for Direction — Robert Zemeckis Nominated - Best Editing — Aurthur Schmidt Nominated - Best Adapted Screenplay — Eric Roth 1995 Casting Society of America (Artios)Nominated - Best Casting for Feature Film, Drama — Ellen Lewis 1995 Chicago Film Critics Association AwardsWon - Best Actor — Tom Hanks 1995 Directors Guild of AmericaWon - Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures — Robert Zemeckis, Charles Newirth, Bruce Moriarity, Cherylanne Martin, Dana J. Kuznetzkoff 1995 Golden Globe AwardsWon - Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama — Tom Hanks Won - Best Director - Motion Picture — Robert Zemeckis Won - Best Motion Picture - Drama Nominated - Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture — Gary Sinise Nominated - Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture — Robin Wright Penn Nominated - Best Original Score — Alan Silvestri Nominated - Best Screenplay - Motion Picture — Eric Roth 1995 Heartland Film FestivalWon - Studio Crystal Heart Award — Winston Groom 1995 MTV Movie AwardsNominated - Best Breakthrough Performance — Mykelti Williamson Nominated - Best Male Performance — Tom Hanks Nominated - Best Movie 1995 Motion Picture Sound Editors (Golden Reel Award)Won - Best Sound Editing 1994 National Board of Review of Motion PicturesNominated - Best Actor — Tom Hanks Nominated - Best Supporting Actor — Gary Sinise Nominated - Best Picture 1995 PGA Golden Laurel AwardsWon - Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award — Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch, Steve Starkey, Charles Newirth 1995 People's Choice AwardsWon - Favorite All-Around Motion Picture Won - Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture 1995 Screen Actors Guild AwardsWon - Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role — Tom Hanks Nominated - Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role — Gary Sinise Nominated - Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role — Sally Field & Robin Wright Penn 1995 Writers Guild of America AwardsWon - Best Screenplay Adapted from Another Medium — Eric Roth 1995 Young Artist AwardsWon - Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actor 10 or Younger — Haley Joel Osment Won - Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actress 10 or Younger — Hanna R. Hall Nominated - Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actor Co-Starring — Michael Conner Humphreys [edit] SequelA screenplay based on the original novel's sequel, Gump and Co., was written by Eric Roth in 2001. Due to a legal dispute between Winston Groom and Paramount Pictures over the first movie, the sequel was never put into production. In March 2007, however, it was reported that the dispute has been resolved and that Paramount producers are now taking another look at the screenplay.