高中英语课文译文

高中英语必修二课文翻译是如下：

1、cultural：cultural是一个英语单词，形容词，作形容词时意思是“文化的；教养的”。

2、valuable：valuable是一个英语单词，形容词、名词，作形容词时译为“有价值的；贵重的；可估价的”，作名词时译为“贵重物品”。

3、vase：vase，英文单词，主要用作名词，意为“瓶；花瓶”。

4、amber：琥珀；琥珀色。

5、logically：英语单词，主要用作副词，作副词时译为“逻辑上；合乎逻辑”。

the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.

Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.

Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.

Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you apartment. So why has English changed over time?

Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.

It was base more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.

These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.

In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to. English began to be spoken in both countries.

Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.

At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education.

English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.

Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.

第二单元 世界上的

英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。

以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓(flat)里来看看，好吗?” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓(apartment)去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢?事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。 最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。 现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗?这只能由时间来回答了。 Using Language 标准英语和方言 什么是标准英语?是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗?信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的`电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。

当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.

Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming.

They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.

Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.

Now she is planning our schedule for the trip. I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.

Now I know that the proper way is always her way. I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?”

I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.

She gave me a determined look -- the kind that said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it.

When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister well.

Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in. Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.

From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province.

Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.

第三单元

游记Reading 沿湄公河而下的旅程 第一部分梦想与计划 我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆(山地车)。

去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家(境内)叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿?”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。 我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发?什么时候回来?”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从5, 000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。

我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。 在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽了，变暖了，河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。 Using Language 夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分山中一宿 虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗?我们看上去就像那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。

然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成T恤衫和短裤。 一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，(于是)，我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了。(夜晚)非常安静——几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。 我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！

THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUN

Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.

Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!

The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.

It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.

As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.

Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern

USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres.

People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve.

And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture!

If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit.

If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!

主题公园——是娱乐，又不仅仅是娱乐

你想要参观哪一个主题公园呢？（世界上）有各种各样的主题公园，不同的公园有不同的主题，但几乎囊括了一切：

食物、文化、科学、卡通、电影及历史。有一些主题公园因为有最大或者最长的过山车而闻名，有些则展示了文化中那些著名的声音和视觉景象。不论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！

你最熟悉的主题公园很可能就是迪斯尼乐园吧。世界上好几个地方都有迪斯尼乐园。无论你是在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你最喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物，迪斯尼会把你带入一个魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变成现实。

当你在游乐园漫步时，你可能会在游行队伍中或者街上看到白雪公主或米老鼠。当然，迪斯尼还有很多颇具刺激性的游乐设施，比如巨大的吊船和可怕的自由落体（设施）。有所有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。如果你想尽情娱乐，而且有更多的收获，那就来迪斯尼乐园吧！

位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉中的多莱坞，是世界上最独特的主题公园之一。

多莱坞展示并欢庆美国东南地区的传统文化。尽管这里也有供搭乘的游乐设施，但是公园最具吸引力的还是它的文化。著名的乡村音乐乐团全年都会在露天或室内的剧院演出。美国各地的人们来到这里，是为了观看木匠或其他工匠们用老式的方法制作木制品、玻璃制品和铁制品。

还可以到糖果店品尝一下糖果，这些糖果和150年前美国南方人制作的一模一样。或者乘一乘蒸汽火车，这可是在美国东南部依然运转的唯一一辆蒸汽火车。

你甚至可以在世界上最大的秃鹰保护区欣赏到美丽的秃鹰。多莱坞为那些喜欢乘坐搭乘设施的人提供了最好的老式木质过山车之一——雷暴云砧。它因为在最小的空间内拥有最长的长度而闻名于世。来多莱坞尽情了解所有的美国东南地区的历史文化吧！

如果你想体验远古时代并且感受英国骑士、贵妇、王子和王后的高贵举止，那么英国的卡默洛特公园对你而言就再适合不过了。园内所有景区都是按照亚瑟王和圆桌骑士生活的时代复制的。在有的地方，你还能和大魔术师梅林一起观看魔术表演。

如果你想观看剑术或马上格斗，格斗区是一个值得去的好地方。如果你在那表现好的话，亚瑟王可能会挑选你参加大型的格斗联赛。

你喜欢动物吗？那就来农场区参观吧。在这里你可以了解到古英格兰人是如何打理他们的农场以及照看他们的动物的。想进入古英格兰的梦幻世界吗？那就来卡默洛特公园吧。

Unit 5 FIRST AID FOR BURNS烧伤的急救

The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。The functions of your skin are also very complex:皮肤的功能十分复杂。it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water;皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。 Causes of burns烧伤的原因：

You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火）、阳光、电和化学物品。 Types of burns烧伤的种类：

There are three types of burns.烧伤有三类。Burns are called first, second or third degree burns,

depending on which layers of the skin are burned.根据皮肤烧伤的`层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。

◎ First degree burns: These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.

·一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。

◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.

·二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。

◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.

·三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤，受伤者必须立即送往医院。

Characteristics of burns烧伤的特性： First degree burns一度烧伤：

◎ dry, red and mildly swollen干燥、发红、微肿 ◎ mildly painful微痛

◎ turn white when pressed受压时变白 Second degree burns二度烧伤

◎ rough, red and swollen粗糙、发红、肿胀 ◎ blisters起水泡

◎ watery surface表层渗液 ◎ extremely painful极其疼痛 Third degree burns三度烧伤：

◎ black and white and charred黑、白和焦炭色相间

◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen肿胀，可看到皮下组织

◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area. 若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，或者在创面四周有疼感 First aid treatment急救处理：

1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.

1、除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉（必要时可用剪刀帮助）。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。

2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns. 2、马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。（凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼痛，还可以减轻肿胀程度）。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。

3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.

3、对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。

4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.

4、轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。 5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

5、用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。

6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face,

the victim should sit up.

6、如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部，尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。

7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

7、如果属于二度或三度烧伤，就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。

10.必修五Unit 5 HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD 英雄青年获奖记

Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.17岁的青年约翰·詹森昨晚在里弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上领奖，因为他在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，为邻居实施了紧急救援。

John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。

John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. (那天)约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫，When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene.他和父亲赶紧冲出去，发现一名男子从现场逃跑，They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife.而三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被人连捅了数刀。She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.她躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。Her hands had almost been cut off.她的双手几乎被砍断了。

It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.他立即向附近的一些人要绷带，当他们都找不到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。

约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，不过，我所做的都是以前别人教会我做的事。”

John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。”

Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.约翰和其他九位救生员在昨晚领奖时，还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会。