还没来得及就英文

只答第一个，1.could是can的过去式。2.could更委婉表“可以”。

其基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具体用法如下：1) 用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型， 在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。A) 若主句是一般将来时态，从句是一般现在时。若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”； 若主句是否定形式翻译成“用不了多久就”。It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal. 两周之后一切才能恢复正常。B) 这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”，若主句是否定形式翻译成“没过多久就”。如：It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。注意：当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until有时可以互换。It was an hour before/until the police arrived.2)before与情态动词can/could连用这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”，如：Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。3)before 用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才”We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。4)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到……就”如：We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。5)主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”，这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before如：We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang. 我们刚到学校铃声就响了。 6）用在含有before的主从复合句中用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如：Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.7) before有时还有“宁愿”的意思I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。

都可以的I had hardly got home when it rained

before sb could do sth ,sb V-ed 我还没来得及跟他解释原因，他就冲出了教室。Before I could explain the reason to him, he rushed out of the classroom.她还没来得及说谢谢，他就从棚顶溜下去，迅速消失在黑暗中。Before she could thank him, he got down from the shed roof and ran off through the darkness.当他还没来得及安排，就得到电报说他父亲已经去世了，并将所有的财产留给了他儿子。Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son.

根据具体语境。大多时候是“一……就”的翻译