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古典主义:以典型的历史事件表现当代的思想主题,提倡典雅崇高的题材,强调理性而轻视情感Classicism: contemporary themes in typical historical events, advocate elegant noble theme, emphasizing the rational and emotional neglect浪漫主义 :反映客观现实上侧重从主观内心世界出发,常用热情奔放的语言、瑰丽的想象和夸张的手法来塑造形象。Romantic: focus reflect the objective reality, starting from the subjective inner world, often passionate language, rich imagination and exaggeration to shape the image.象征主义:以感情为基础对新内容的探索,不是以理智或客观的观察为基础,而是超越外表的直觉的内在力量和想象。Symbolism: the exploration of new content with the affection based, not onrational or objective based on the observation, but beyond the appearance of the internal strength and imagination.印象主义:强调绘画中的光感,以视觉影象作为描绘对象。多描绘现实中的人物和自然风景。Impressionism: emphasis on painting in the light, seeing as depicted object.Many characters portrayed in reality and the natural landscape.后印象主义:认为绘画不能单纯去模仿客观世界,而应该更多地表现画家对客观事物的主观感受。主张不要面对实物,而凭记忆作画,提倡综合和象征的美学原则。Post Impressionism: that painting is not simply to imitate the objective world,but should be more performance artists to the subjective experience of objective things. Won't face the real, and paint from memory, the promotion of integrated and symbolic aesthetic principle.后现代主义:主要以艺术的大众性反对艺术的精英性.主张艺术各门类,艺术与生活之间界限的消失.Postmodernism: mainly popular art opposed artistic elite. That art of all categories, the boundaries between art and life disappear.表现主义:采用极不和谐的构图,加上色彩和线条的强烈对比来描写病态社会的黑暗和丑恶,反映人民孤独、惶恐的精神状态。Expressionism: the extremely not harmonious composition, coupled with the strong contrast of color and lines to describe the dark and ugly sick society,reflecting the people's loneliness, fear and mental state.抽象主义:强调形式至上,忽视内容的一种非写实主义绘画风格.以直觉和想象力为创作的出发点Abstract: emphasis on form first, a non realistic painting style ignoring the content. By intuition and imagination for the creation of the starting point达达主义:.否定理性和传统文明,提倡无目的,无理想的生活和文艺,提倡自动性和偶然性。Dada:. Negate rationality and traditional civilization, advocate no purpose, no ideal life and art, advocating automatic and contingency.超现实主义:主张放弃逻辑,而呈现人的深层心理中的形象世界,认为只有这种超越现实的“无意识”世界。才能摆脱一切束缚。Surrealism: abandoning logic, and show people's deep psychology in theimage world, that only the reality beyond the "unconscious" world. In order to get rid of all the shackles.
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罗曼蒂克,英文romantic,又称为浪漫,辞典上的解释是:富有诗意,充满幻想。 英文romantic (浪漫的,激情的,也就是罗曼蒂克)和romance(恋爱史、故事、浪漫)的词根都是Rome,就是罗马。Romance还有罗曼语系的意思。中世纪基督教欧洲(特别是生性拘谨的德国人、英国人,也就是盎格鲁-萨克逊族人)认为罗马和罗曼语系的人(例如西班牙人、意大利人等)具有一种异教、异域、异国情调的味道,而且他们似乎生性多情、放荡、多愁善感。听听西班牙语的音乐、看看他们的舞蹈和民俗(比如斗牛)就知道了。因此,romantic,原意是“罗马人的”,后来便引申出“浪漫、多情、爱情、激情”等等的意思来。德语roman还有“小说”的意思,即“虚构的、不真实的故事”之意。罗曼蒂克的感情形式:罗曼蒂克爱情的精髓在于:视被爱对象为宝贵知己而自己又难于占有对方,因而便采用如诗赋,歌曲,武工或任何可以想象出来的取悦方法,来获得对方的注目与爱情。人们之所以认为情人有巨大价值,在很大程度上,是因为对方难于被自己占有。最初,罗曼蒂克爱情并不施之于那些能与其发生合法或非法性关系的妇女,而是针对那些因无法逾越的道德和传统习俗障碍无法与其结合的贵妇。因为这障碍,具有了诗情画意,柏拉图式的感情,维持了爱情的美感。结果,人们狂热地表达爱恋,而又抑制了亲昵之欲。渐渐地这种观念为许多人接受,他们认为,纯洁高尚的欢乐只能存在于没有掺杂任何性因素的,专心致志的默祷之中。一个男人如果深恋和尊敬某个女子,他将感到无法将她同性活动联系起来,他的爱情将会采取富有诗意和想象的形式,很自然地充满了象征主义的色彩。
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