韧度英语

钢的延展性要比铝强

钢的硬度比铝高。

Mechanical Properties of Metals 金属的力学性质Mechanical properties are the characteristic responses of a material to applied forces. Knowledge of mechanical properties of materials is essential in order to construct a mechanically sound structure such as a bridge on the river. 力学性质指的是材料面对作用力时表现出来的特征。而研究力学性质其本质上就是为了建造可靠的机械结构——例如河面上的桥。Mechanical properties can be determined by conducting experimental tests on the material samples. Some important mechanical properties of materials are: strength (in tension, compression, shear, bending and torsion), stiffness (strength), ductility, impact strength, hardness and toughness. 力学性质可以由对材料样本进行实验检验的方法测试出来。一些关键的机械特性包括强度（包括承受拉应力，压应力，剪应力，弯曲力和扭力），刚度（强度），延展性，冲击强度，硬度以及韧度1. Strength 强度The Strength of a material may be defined as the ability of the material to sustain loads without undue distortion or failure. Material should be adequately strong when subjected to tension, compression, shear, bending or torsion as per the intended use. For example, the crankshaft of an automobile should have sufficient torsion strength.�材料的强度基本是被定义为材料在发生变形或失效之前所能承受的负荷大小。根据材料各自用途不同，其必须具有足够的抗拉、抗压、抗剪、抗弯或是抗扭强度。例如汽车上的曲轴就必须具有足够的扭转强度。2. Stiffness 刚度Stiffness is the ability of a material or shape to resist elastic deflection. For identical shapes, the stiffness is proportional to the modulus of elasticity. A material which deforms less under a given load is stiffer than one which deforms more. 刚度衡量的是材料抗弹性形变的能力。对于同样形状的材料，刚度与弹性模量是成比例的。相同负荷下变形较小的材料具有比变形大的材料更高的强度。3. Ductility 延展性Ductility refers to the capacity of a material to undergo deformation under tension without rupture as in a wire drawing operation.�延展性指的是材料在承受拉应力时发生变形而不断裂的能力，就像在拔丝一样。 4. Impact Strength 冲击强度Impact strength is the strength of a material when subjected to high rates of loading, usually in bending, tension or torsion. The amount of energy required to fracture the material by a single blow is measured by means of a Charpy impact test. 冲击强度是指材料在承受高速率的负荷时的强度，通常是弯曲应力，拉应力或者是扭力。单次冲击破坏材料所需的能量通过却贝摆锤冲击测试的方法测得。5. Hardness 硬度Hardness is the resistance of a material to plastic deformation usually by indentation. However, the term may refer to stiffness or refer to resistance to scratching, abrasion or cutting. Tests, such as Vickers, Briell and Rockwell, are generally employed to measure hardness.硬度通常指的是材料在遭受压入时产生的塑性变形。此外，这个词还可能指代刚度或是材料的抗刮伤、抗磨损、抗剪切的能力。维氏硬度，布氏硬度和洛氏硬度测试等测试方法通常被用来测量硬度。6. Toughness 韧度Toughness refers to the ability of a material to withstand bending or the application of shear stresses without fracture. By this definition, copper is extremely tough but cast iron is not. 韧度是指材料在承受弯曲应力或剪切应力时不发生破裂的能力。从这个意义上来讲，铜是韧性最好的而铸铁是最差的Materials Sustain Loads On Tension Materials Sustain Loads On Shear Materials Sustain Loads on bending Materials Sustain Loads on torsion后面的应该是图旁边配的说明,没翻......