英语名词使用规则

名词作定语的基本原则

1、名词作定语原则上用单数，不用复数。如：

a meeting room会议室（不能说a meetings room）；

train station火车站（不能说trains station）。

2、用复数名词作定语的四种情形

（1）有些只有复数形式的名词，则用复数作定语。如：

goods train货车；

clothes shop服装店。

（2）有些习惯上通常要用复数的名词也习惯上用复数。如：

sports car跑车；

savings bank储蓄银行。

（3）当man，woman用于名词前作定语，表示性别时，若被修饰的名词为复数，则man，woman也要用复数。如：

men nurse男护士；

women doctor女医生。

（4）有时复数名词作定语可视为复数名词所有格作定语的省略形式。如：

eight hours sleep八个小时睡眠（hours等于hours'）；

a three weeks training三周训练（weeks等于weeks'）。

扩展资料

根据词汇意义，名词可分为专有名词和普通名词：

1、专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写。如：Mary玛丽， Mr White怀特先生，Beijing北京等等。

2、普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。

根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以分为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：

（1）个体名词表示人或物的个体，如：girl女孩，river河流等；

（2）物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如：water水，meat肉等；

（3）集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family家庭，crowd人群等；

（4）抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如：work工作，happiness幸福等。

参考资料来源：百度百科--定语

参考资料来源：百度百科--名词

名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： 名词 专有名词 不可数名词 普通名词 物质名词 抽象名词 集体名词 可数名词 个体名词 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。 3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜） trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数） These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数） b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如： This factory produces steel. （不可数） We need various steels. （可数） c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如： Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如： four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车） arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划 1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。 2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。 3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。 5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如： John's and Mary's rooms（两间） John and Mary's room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or two's absence 1.8 练习 1. 1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______. a． a． little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages 2. 2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war. a. a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes 3. 3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year. a. a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation 4. 4.Painting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities. a. a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil 5. 5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn't ____ oil here. a. a. much b. lots of b. a great deal of d. many 6.The large houses are being painted, but ______. a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense 7. 7.The room was small and contained far too ______. a. a.much new furniture b. much new furnitures c.many new furniture d. many new furnitures 8. 8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______. a. rooms number b. room number c. room's numbers d. room numbers 9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself. a great many…many b. much…a great deal c. a great deal of…much d. many…a great many 10. 10.She didn't know _____ he had been given. a. a. how many information b. how many informations c. the number of information d. how much information 11. 11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party. a. comrade-in-arms b. comrades-in-arm c. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm 12. 12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month. a. women doctors b. woman doctors c. women doctor d. woman doctor 13. 13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____. a. growns-ups b. growns-up c. grown-up d. grown-ups 14. 14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident. a. stander-by b. standers-by c. stander-bys d. standers-bys 15. 15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp. a. prisoner-of-wars b. prisoners-of-war c. prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war 16. 16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately. a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels 17. 17.Mary's dress is similar in appearance to her ______. a. elder sister b. elder sister's c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress 18. 18.All the people at the conference are ______. a. mathematic teachers b. mathematics teacher c.mathematics teachers d. mathematic's teachers 19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance. a. a. some property b. properties c. some properties d. property 20. 20.Physics _____ with matter and motion. a. a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are 21. 21.He has written several books, but his last works _____ well known among his friends. a. a. have b. have been c. is d. are 22. 22.After he checked up my ______ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days. a. a. father-in-law's c. father's-in-law b. b. father-in-law d. father's-in-law's 23. 23.He told me _____ would come to his birthday party. a. a. many Jack friends c. many Jack's friend b. b. Jack's many friends d. many friends of Jack's 24. 24.I had my hair cut at the _____ around the corner. a. a.barber b. barbers c. barber's d. barbers' 25. 25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at ______. a. a. Peter and Helen's c. Peter and Helen b. b. Peter and Helens d. Peter's and Helen's 26. 26.______ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the sun's energy. a. a. The earth's surface c. The surface of earth b. b. The surface earth d. The earth surface 27. 27.Numerous materials are available to ______. a. a. today of designers c. today's of designers b. b. today's designers d. today designers 28. 28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Don't you know he is an old friend of ______? a. a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brother's d. my brother's friend 29. 29.______ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know. a. a. This John's old friend c. That's Jahn's old friend b. b. This old friend of John d. This old friend of John's 30. 30.______ is too much for a little boy to carry. a. a.A bike's weight c. The weight of a bike b. b.The weights of a bike d. Bile's weight 31. 31.Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday. a. a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of 32. 32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were ______ left. a. a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats 33. 33.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope. a. a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail 34. 34.The Department purchased ______ to improve the working conditions there. a. a. a new equipment c. new equipments b. b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments 35. 35.The boy tried hard but there has been ______ in his work. a. a. little improvement c. many improvements b. b. a little improvement d. few improvements 36. 36.Today's modern TV cameras require ______ light as compared with the earlier models. a. a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little 37. 37.No country can afford to neglect ______. a. a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education 38. 38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of ______. a. a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight 39. 39.______ is only surpassed by that of monkeys' and apes'. a. a. The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs b. b. The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent 40. 40.All ______ must take the graduate Management Admission Test. a. a. business student b. business's students c. business students d. business's student 41. 41.______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself. a. a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b. b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call 42. 42.The ______ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem. a. a. public's chief concern c. chief public concern b. b. public chief concern d. chief concern of public's 43. 43.______ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad. a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were 44. 44.______ can get a better view of the game than the participants. a. a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons 45. 45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who ______ at the scene of the accidents within minutes. a. a. were b. have been c. was d. has been 46. 46.Our livestock ______ not as numerous as they used to be. a. a. is b. are c. be d. been 47. 47.One of the most surprising things is that ______ may come from petroleum. a. a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrow's food b. b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrow's food 48. 48.Scott is an orphan but he received ______. a. a. very good education c. a very good education b. b. very good educations d. many good educations 49. 49.After several day's hardworking, we have made ______ on the design. a. a. much improvement c. many improvement b. b. several improvements d. some improvement 50. 50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday. a. a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoes's shop d. shoe's 51. 51.Eggs, though nourishing, have ______ of fat content. a. a. large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount 52. 52.He has done some ______ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years. a. a. research b. a research c. researches d. the researches 53. 53.Recently, he has lost all his ______. a. a. wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at card b. b. wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards 54. 54.The country's wealth comes chiefly from its many ______. a. a. herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles 55. 55.In Britain the ______ are all painted red. a. a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letters's box 56. 56.Ten years had passed. I found she had ______. a. a. a little white hair c. a few white hair b. b. some white hair d. much white hair 57. 57.All his ______ far from satisfaction a. a. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be 58. 58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, ______ was done. a. a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage 59. 59.He was ______ what to do. a. a. at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wit's end d. at his wits's end 60. 60.Would you like to have a cup of tea and ______ with me? a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow pieces of toasts 61. 61.Accurate ______ covering the fact are not obtainable. a. a. datum b. datums c. data d. datas 62. 62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few ______. a. a. how-are-yous c. how-are-you's b. b. of how-are-you's d. of how are you 63. 63.Albert said he met the girl ______ a. a. at his uncle's Smith room c. at his uncle Smith's room b. b. at Smith's his uncle's room d. at the room of his uncle's Smith's 64. 64.It is four months since I last saw Keats ______. a. a. at Mrt Smith's ,the book seller c. at my aunt's, a book seller b. b. at my aunt's, Mrs Palmer's d. at Mrs Palmer's, the book seller's 65. 65.This room is ______. a. a. the editor's-in-chief's office c. the editor-in-chief's office b. b. the editor-in-chief office d. the editor's-in-chief office 66. 66.My old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works at ______. a. a. a teacher college c. a teacher's college b. b. a teachers's college d. a college of a teacher's 67. 67.The policemen put the criminal ______. a. a. in a iron b. into a iron c. in irons d. into a pair of iron 68. 68.Our teacher gave me ______. a. a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice 69. 69.My mother cut the cloth with ______ scissors. a. a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of 70.My house is within ______ from the railway station. a. a stone's throw b. a throw of a stone c. stone's throw d. the stone's throw 名词练习答案 1 D 15 B 29 D 43 D 57 A 2 D 16 B 30 B 44 B 58 C 3 C 17 B 31 C 45 A 59 D 4 C 18 C 32 C 46 B 60 B 5 A 19 C 33 B 47 D 61 C 6 C 20 B 34 C 48 B 62 B 7 A 21 C 35 A 49 C 63 B 8 D 22 A 36 C 50 B 64 D 9 C 23 D 37 C 51 C 65 B 10 D 24 C 38 B 52 A 66 C 11 C 25 A 39 B 53 D 67 C 12 A 26 A 40 C 54 C 68 D 13 D 27 C 41 D 55 A 69 D 14 B 28 C 42 A 56 D 70 A名词(II)一、 名词的种类名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。1 普通名词 普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据其所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类： A． 个体名词 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。B． 集体名词 （即集合名词）表示由个体组成的集合体。如people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等。C． 物质名词 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。D． 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。 2 专有名词专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）、the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）等。二、名词的性名词按其所表达的物体的自然性别可以分为四类。 1 阴性名词表示女性或雌性动物的名词。如woman（女人）、hostess（女主人）、cow（母牛）等。 2 阳性名词表示男性或雄性动物的名词。如man（男人）、host（男主人）、bull（公牛）等。3 中性名词表示物体和抽象概念的名词。如radio（收音机）、love（爱）、tree（树）、friend（朋友）等。4 通性名词多数英语名词不分性，这类名词特指人类、适用于男性和女性组成的小群体或男性、女性个体。如parents（父母）、couple（夫妇）、children（孩子们）、child（孩子）、person（一个人）等。三、名词的数名词分可数名词和不可数名词1 可数名词个体名词都是可数名词。每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。 A. 单数 表示"一个"的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。如 a book（一本书）、a river（一条河）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。 B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pens（两枝钢笔）、three days（三天）、three cities（三个城市）等。复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。具体见下表。规则名词复数形式的构成词形特点 变为复数形式的构成方法 例 词大多数名词 在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。） cat--catsbag--bagsday--days以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词 在词尾加 -es, 读作[iz]。 class--classesmatch--matches以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词 把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作[iz] city--cities但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s, 读作[z] Germany--Germanys以辅音字母 + o 结尾的名词 一般直接加 -es , 读作[z]; 某些外来词例外，加 -s （如 zero, kilo, tobacco 等） tomato--tomatoesphoto--photospiano--pianos以元音字母 + o 结尾的名词 直接加 -s, 但读作[z] zoo--zoosradio--radios以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词 有的直接加 -s, 读作[z] roof--roofs大多数要将 f 或 fe 变为 v, 再加-es,读作[z] leaf--leaveswife--wives有些词两种形式者可以 handkerchief--handkerchiefs--handkerchieves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点 例 词通过改变词内元音字母 man--men foot--feettooth--teeth mouse--mice（老鼠）通过在词尾加-en ox--oxen（牛） child--children单复数形式相同 a sheep--two sheepa deer--two deer（鹿）a Chinese--two Chinese（中国人）外来词保持其原有的复数形式 crisis--crises（危机） basis--bases（基础）phenomenon--phenomena（现象）复合名词复数形式的构成词的构成特点 变复数的方法 例 词由若干