画布大小
由仁慈所引发的仁慈.称为正义.伦理学、政治学的基本范畴。在伦理学中，通常指人们按一定道德标准所应当作的事，也指一种道德评价，即公正。“正义”一词，在中国最早见于《荀子》：“不学问，无正义，以富利为隆，是俗人者也。”正义观念萌于原始人的平等观，形成于私有财产出现后的社会。不同的社会或阶级的人们对“正义”有着不同的解释：古希腊哲学家柏拉图认为，人们按自己的等级做应当做的事就是正义；基督教伦理学家则认为，肉体应当归顺于灵魂就是正义。马克思主义伦理学认为，正义与否的客观标准主要在于其行为是否符合社会发展的要求与广大群众的利益。[另外意思] 在汉语里，正义即公正的道理，与公平、公道、正直、正当等相联。在西方语言中，“正义”一词源出于拉丁语justitia,由拉丁语中“jus ”演化而来。“jus”是个多意词，有公正、公平、正直、法、权利等多种含义。法文中的“droit”、德文中的“recht”、意大利文中的“diritto”等，都兼有正义、法、权利的含义。在英文中，justice一词，具有正义、正当、公平、公正等意思。文字辞海解释：对政治、法律、道德等领域中的是非、善恶作出的肯定判断。作为道德范畴，与“公正”同义，主要指符合一定社会道德规范的行为。人们的行为是否符合历史发展规律和最大多数人民的根本利益，是判断人们行为是否符合正义的客观标准。 何为正义？柏拉图认为：“各尽其职就是正义”，乌尔比安认为：“正义就是给每个人以应有权利的稳定的永恒的意义”，凯尔森认为：“正义是一种主观的价值判断”。在这个概念上，学者们有着不同的理解，我们的概念中，正义即公平、公正。正义是法源之一，更是法的追求与归宿。既然正义是一种主观的价值判断，一种行为、状态是否正义就涉及到三个要素：人、社会和与人直接相关的事物。人是正义反映的主体，也是评价正义的主体；社会的形成归于人的产生和结合，社会对人的分工、分配起着重要作用，个人得不到与他人平等的地位、待遇，往往归结于社会的不正义（公平）；而与人直接相关的事物，如地位、资格、自由等，其多寡优劣主导着人们的评价。在远古最原始的社会形成时，有了原始的劳动成果的分配，人们就开始了关于正义的讨论。至于何种行为与状态是正义的，用不同的标准、角度和站在不同的立场上，其观察和得出的结论往往是不同的。美国学者罗尔斯提出了正义的两个原则，其一，是每个人对于其他人所拥有的最广泛的基本的自由体系相容的类似自由体制都应有一种平等权利；其二，是社会的和经济的不平等应这样安排，使它们（1）被合理地期望适合于每一个人的利益；而且（2）依存于地位和职务向所有人开放。罗尔斯还指出了可表示如下的更一般的正义观：“所有社会价值--自由和机会、收入和财富、自尊和基础--都要平等的分配，除非对其中一种价值或所有价值的一种不平等分配合乎每一个人的利益。”将法律的观念从正义中解脱出来是有困难的。在媒体和一般人眼里，正义和法律的概念不断的被交叉混同，而且纯粹法学反对将法和正义相等同，主张将二者当作两个不同的问题来处理。而我个人更倾向与使二者融合，我并不赞成过分清晰的区别这两个概念。法律抛弃正义，便丧失其规范社会关系的作用；同样，正义脱离法律，就丧失了载体，仅仅只能成为“价值判断”，没有实际用途。我非常推崇凯尔森的观点，即正义作为一种主观价值判断也许为法律科学所排斥，但如果将正义理解为“合法性”，那么法律科学中就应当包括正义概念。人们评价一部法律是否符合正义标准（合法性）时，往往是立足于这部法律是否能将社会关系调整得令所有社会成员都满意，但事实上，能够满足每个社会成员需要的法律是不可能存在的，可以说：每个人的需要不一致，需要间的相互冲突也难以避免，那些合乎正义的法律所调整的社会关系、社会秩序能达到的也只能是大多数社会成员的认可和满意。还应当提及的便是自然法学派提出的绝对正义的概念，自然法学派主张法的二元论，认为法应分为实在法和自然法，在不完善的实在法之上，存在着完善的，绝对正义的自然法。但理性的人应当知道：这种绝对正义是不可能存在的，如同世界是可知的，人有无穷的认知能力，而世界永远不可能被完全认识，借用凯尔森的话“正义是一个人的认识所不能接近的理想。”法律需要接受方方面面的考验，在人们寻求法律帮助时，在法律制裁罪犯时，公平是否得到维护，正义是否得到匡扶，这是法律正义性（合法性）认定的标尺，也是法律生存的土壤，法律立足正义，才能使正义的概念在法律的基础上得到升华。 正义是社会制度得以建立的前提。
女儿我爱你
Justice Is The Winner(正义必胜)5人短剧。搞笑的匪徒,搞笑的绑架案，不错的剧本。人物 Bunny Cheng: Bunny ChenEliza Lin: DaughterCeline Tu: Reporter et AsideSano Hsieh: Small gangster(小流氓)Trent Cheng: Big gangster(大流氓)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------SCENE IA mother is doing exercise in the living room when the phone is ringing. And her daughter is in the school now.Mom: Hello~Caller: (A boy is crying.) Ha! Your kid is here. Do you hear his voice? If you want to save your kid, prepare the ransom.Mom: Are you crazy? I don’t have a son!!! Don’t try to cheat me. Stupid guy!The mother is very angry and hung up the phone. But later… the phone is ringing again…Mom: Hello~Caller: Hello~ Are you busy now?Mom: (I recognize the voice.) You are a fraud, right? Do you want to trick me again? Is it fun? Don’t do such a boring thing, O.K.? I won’t believe you.Caller: Really? Listen to this.(A girl is crying on the phone, ”mom, help me~ help me~)Mom: Oh~ you are a good actor. This time is better but I still won’t fall into your trap to rob me of my money! If you call again, I will call the cop. Do you understand? (Hang up the phone more angrier.)But the voice sounds like her daughter’s and the mom is not disturbed. She decides to go to the elementary school to see her daughter. The mom got there…Mom: Eliza~Eliza: Mom~ why you are here? Are you missing me? Do you come here to pick me up?Mom: Ya~ are you happy in the school? Let’s go home. I want to tell you something on the way home.Mom tells Eliza about the phone scam and wants her to be careful from now on.SCENE IIBecause the mother didn’t believe the two gangsters really kidnapped her kid, the gangsters were furious. So they decided to kidnap her daughter this time.The gangsters have found the school her daughter studies in, and observed for many days. Today is the day they plan to kidnap the child.The big gangster always focuses on what he’s doing but the small gangster is usually absent-minded.Big gangster: Hey! Concentrate!! (The big gangster hit the small gangster’s head)Small gangster: Ouch! O.K. O.K.At this moment, the girl appears.Small gangster: (Check the picture.) Hey!! Buddy!! Look! Is that her?Big gangster: Ha! Ha! Ha! It’s hunting time.Small gangster: I’m so excited!! Oh~ what a beautiful girl. Just like a fairy. My sweetheart… Buddy do you know? I feel that I get butterflies in my stomach!Big gangster: (Hitting the small gangster’s head again.) Hey! Wake up!! Stop day-dreaming. Let’s make a move! Small gangster: Oh~ my baby~ I’m coming!!Big gangster: Hey!! Lady!! Can you do me a favor?Eliza: Sure! What can I do for you?Small gangster: (Murmuring) This beautiful lady has a beautiful heart.Big gangster: Sorry. Ignore what he said.Eliza: Never mind!Big gangster: Thanks! I want to go to Tunghai University. Do you know how can I get there?Eliza: Oh… you should go straight until the traffic light, then turn right until you see a convenience store at the corner and turn left. Keep going straight and you would see the university.Big gangster: Go straight until the first traffic light, turn right and we will see a supermarket at the end of the street. And…Eliza: No! No! No! Go straight until the traffic light, then turn right until you see a convenience store at the corner and turn left. Keep going straight and you would see the university.Small gangster: Go straight until the first traffic light, then turn left and go straight to the end of the street, then we can see the university.Eliza: Oh, my! No! Wrong again! You two are really a stupid guy.Big gangster: It’s too complex. I can’t remember all the directions. I’m a foreigner. And I have an important presentation there. Could you go with us, guide us there? Please~Eliza was confused. But she is a kind person and she likes to help people.Eliza: Umm… let me think… okay!! Let’s go!Small gangster: How kind of you!! My little girl.Big gangster: Sorry. Just ignore him. Thank for your help.Eliza goes with the gangsters.In the gangsters’ car, the small gangster suddenly shows a sharp knife. And shouts, “Don’t move!” Eliza is shocked and starts screaming.Eliza: What are you doing?Small gangster: I’m kidnapping you!Eliza: Oh~ I am so scared.Small gangster: (Talk to the big gangster.) Did you hear that, she is scared?Big gangster: Ya~ we are professional.Eliza: Not funny! I’m hungry. I want to go home! I want to go home!Small gangster: Shut up. Don’t be so noisy!Eliza keeps crying.Small gangster: You! Get out of the car!Big gangster: (Hit the small gangster angrily!) Idiot! I have a stupid partner. (Disappointed)Eliza: I agree! (Nod head.)Big gangster: Don’t cry baby, I give you a lollipop.Eliza: Thank you. How kind of you.
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