听雨轩808
英语写作中的过渡词
汉语文章的组织靠的是意合，即句子与句子之间的联系靠的是句子意义的本身，句子的连接很少使用太多的连接词;而英语文章的组织靠的是形合，句子的连接离不开过渡词。下面是我为大家搜索整理的关于英语写作中的过渡词，供参考阅读，希望对你有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们应届毕业生培训网!
过渡词是一种关系指引词，其作用是连接上下文，使文章保持连贯、自然、通顺。过渡词可以用于句子与句子之间的连接，还可以用于段落与段落之间的连接。当句子进入语段、语段进入语篇时，往往需要用一些连接手段把句子和句子、语段和语段，有时甚至是段落与段落连接起来，使它们之间建立起各种各样的语义关系，并使整个语篇在意义上具有连贯性。根据章振邦的划分，英语的衔接手段主要分为三大类：过渡词衔接、词汇纽带和语法照应。我们在此主要讨论过渡词连接。
过渡词的使用是保证段落或文章连贯的重要手段之一，同时也是英语写作中应注意的一个关键问题。本德(Bander)曾在其著作《美国英语修辞》(American English Rhetoric)中高度概括了写作中使用过渡词的重要性，认为“有两个技巧比学任何其它的更能增强英语写作技能：其一是使用过渡连接词;其二是使用从属关系”。
夸克(Quirk)等人把过渡词分为13大类：(1)列举类;(2)强势类;(3) 对等类;(4) 转折类;(5) 总结类;(6) 同位类;(7)结果类;(8)推论类;(9)重述类;(10)替换类;(11)对立类;(12)让步类;(13)时间转换类。蔡基刚将过渡词分为11类：举例、比较、对照、让步、原因、结果、强调、递进、结论、时间和空间。
我们立足于教学，从方便实用的角度出发，综合以上学者的成果，将过渡词按语义划分为以下最常见的几种类型：(一)表示添加信息：and， also， too， furthermore，besides， moreover， in addition， what is more等;( 二) 表示因果关系：because， for， for this reason， because of， since， as a result， thus，therefore， so， consequently， of course， accordingly等;( 三) 表示文章意义的转折或对比：although， however， on the contrary， still， but，otherwise， despite， nevertheless， though， in fact， on the other hand， asa matter of fact等;(四)表示文章中事件发生的时空顺序：first，second， third， after that， meanwhile， then， before， next， formerly， later，finally， in the end， at last等;( 五) 表示列举：firstly， secondly， forone thing…for another， first of all， to begin with， then， last等;(六)表示举例、解释：for example， for instance， that is， namely， to illustrate等;(七)表示总结：in short， to sum up， in conclusion， briefly， on thewhole， to conclude， to summarize等。下面我们逐一进行说明。
(一)表示添加，进一步说明或强调的过渡词
常用词：besides 此外，furthermore 此外，additionally 此外，inaddition 此外，in particular 特别地，moreover 此外，what is more 另外。例如：
① Now it’s time to become concerned with the future of ours. Inparticular， we must pay enough attention to the problem ofpollution.
② As this society looks to education highly， there is a sense ofdignity and pride in receiving a college education. In addition/Furthermore/Besides/What is more， I believe with a collegeeducation I can serve my fellow men and my country better.
(二)表示原因、理由和结果的过渡词
accordingly 于是，as a result 因此，because of 由于，consequently因此，due to 由于，thanks to 幸亏，for this reason 由于这个原因，hence因此，in this way 这样，therefore 因此，thus 因此。例如：
① Because of/Due to science， we now live safer， morecomfortable and convenient lives.
② Our standard of living today is much higher than it was before.
As a result， more and more people can afford their own housesand cars.
③ He was told to speak briefly; accordingly， he cut short hisremarks.
④ It is important to have good plans if we want to be successful.
In this way/So/For this reason/Because of this/Therefore/Asa result/Consequently， it is most important to have a goodbeginning whenever we want to accomplish something.
(三)表示比较或对比的过渡词
equally important 同样重要地，similarly 同样地，despite 纵使，in spite of 纵使，likewise 同样重要地，nevertheless 不过，conversely 相反地，on the contrary 相反地，on the other hand 另一方面。例如：
① Despite/In spite of all the heartaches and the difficulties， acollege education is still our best passport to success.
② If we lacked freedoms， people could not say what they felt.
On the other hand/Conversely， if we lacked laws， then societywould be disorderly and violent.
③ Jones’ case was dismissed. Similarly， so were the chargesagainst Smith.
④ Congress can pass a law and the President may signit. Never theless， the Supreme Cour t can declare i tunconstitutional.
(四)表示文章中事件发生的时空顺序
afterward 以后，at present 目前，at the same time 同时，currently 目前，in the meantime 同时，meanwhile 同时，lately 最近，recently 最近，since then... 之后，soon 不久，soon after 不久之后，today 现在。例如：
① At present/Currently/Today/Recently/Lately， more andmore people are realizing the importance of protecting ourenvironment.
② Meanwhile/In the meantime/At the same time， students shouldhave more free time for reading what they like to read.
③ Since then， people have become more and more interested inlearning English.
(五)表示列举的过渡词
First of all 首先;In the first place， …Second， ... Finally 首先……，第二……，第三……;Firstly， …Secondly， ...Thirdly 第一……，第二……，第三……;At the very beginning， …Then， …
Finally，… 首先……其次……最后……;To begin with， …Next， …
Finally，… 首先……其次……最后……。
例如：
Our standard of living today is much higher than it wasbefore. But this does not mean that the spiritual quality of our liveshas also improved. What should we do?
First/First of all/In the first place， we must understand thatmoney can’t buy happiness. Don’t be a slave to it. Second， weshould spend time with friends and family. And third， we should findtime to listen to the birds sing， and see the beautiful scenery.
(六)常用表示举例解释的过渡词
常用的'表示举例的过渡词语有：for example 举例，namely(等于“that is”)即，这就是说，for instance 举例，a case in point恰当的例子。例如：
① The means of production， namely， factories， mines and landshould be improved.
② A lot of people here， like Tom for example， would rather stay athome watching TV.
③ A case in point is the water control project along the YangtzeRiver.
(七)表示总结、结论的过渡词
As has been noted 如前所述，As I have said 如我所述，In brief简言之，In conclusion 总之，In short 简言之，In summary 总之，Tosum up 总之，To conclude 总之，Eventually 最后，In my opinion 以我看来，From this point of view 从这个观点来看，On account of this， wecan find that… 由此我们可以发现……，On the whole 总起来说，Atlarge 总体上而，Personally 我个人认为……，Thus， this is the reasonwhy we must… 因此，这就是我们为什么必须……。例如：
① In conclusion， let us encourage the exchange of ideas andopinions by means of debates.
② In short/In brief/To sum up/In summary， I think that time hascome for the introduction of strict measures to protect ourenvironment.
③ As has been noted/As I have said， country life is morebeneficial than city life.
过渡词使上下文的连接自然、紧凑，使文章整体具有结构上的粘着性和意义上的连贯性。虽然过渡词的使用并不是文章连贯的唯一手段，但确实是一种十分重要和有效的手段。这部分需要学生平时通过大量的句子练习掌握好各种纷繁的过渡词的使用，为自己的写作锦上添花。
此外还有一些形容词短语、同位语从句等表达因果关系的结构和陈述套语有时也可作为过渡词使用。如：
… Attribute to … (原因) [形容词短语](原因)… which in turn (结果)
Account for … (原因)
(结果) lie in the fact that (原因)
(结果) result from (原因)
It is precisely because… (原因) that (结果)… [强调结构](原因) be responsible for (结果)
It’s well known to us that ...
As is known to us， ...
This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
From the graph (table， chart) listed above， it can be seen that ...
例如：
① They give rise to unfair competition， which in turn throwsoriginal businesses into a commercial panic.
② As is well known to us， it is important for the students to knowthe world outside campus.
③ The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays. the society ischanging and developing rapidly. and the campus is no longeran “ivory tower”. As college students. we must get in touch withthe world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adaptourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.
诸如此类的结构还有很多，比如表达数量、优点、缺点、重要、必要、困难、方便、可能、措施、变化、事实、现状、比较、看法、结论，如As the proverb says… 正如谚语所言，Everybodyknows that… 每个人都知道，Generally speaking， … 一般说来，It isknown to us that… 众所周知，It is true that… 的确，Many people aremuch interested in the question that… 许多人都对……感兴趣，Thereis no doubt that… 毫无疑问，等等。总之，过渡词纷繁复杂，只有在学习中慢慢摸索，慢慢积累，才能切实地提高英语写作水平。
英语写作句型
1、词与词之间的转换
1).形容词转换为名词
This painting is very valuable.
This painting is of great value.
2).动词转换为名词
Our hometown has changed a lot these years.
Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years.
2、词与从句的转换
As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on
Tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.
3、非谓语动词与从句之间的转换
1).动名词和从句的转换
When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.
On hearing his arrival, please give me an e-mail.
2).分词和从句的转换
A.现在分词与从句的转换
As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.
Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.
B.过去分词与从句的转换
Once it is seen, it will never be forgotten.
Once seen, it will never be forgotten
3).不定式与从句的转换
He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly.
To make himself heard clearly, he spoke louder.
4、独立主格与从句的转换
If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.
Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.(逻辑主语+现在分词)
If everything is considered, his plan seems to be more workable.
Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.
(逻辑主语+过去分词)
When this was done, we went home.
This done, we went home.
Given good luck, I will earn more money than all of you.
Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you.
Because there was nothing to do, we played games.
There being nothing to do, we played games.(being不可省略)
1).简单句与复合句的转换
The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.
2).一般句式与强调句的转换
I graduatedfromthe university last summer.
It was last summer that I graduatedfromthe university.
3).条件句与祈使句的转换
If you go through the gate, you will find the entrance to Bear Country.
Go through the gate, and you will find the entrance to Bear Country.
4).宾语从句与状语从句的转换
I won't believe what he says.
No matter what he says, I won't believe him.
6、“二态”之间的转换
1).时态的转换
The bell is ringing now.
There goes the bell.
2).主动语态变为被动语态
People suggested that the meeting be put off.
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
7、其他形式的转换
1).正常语序与倒装语序的转换
Though I'm weak I will make the effort.
Weak as I am, I will make the effort.
They will never give up the struggle for success
Never will they give up the struggle for success.
2).陈述语气与虚拟语气的转换
The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.
But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.
帅气小王子…
1.表“对....有好处”用be of benefit/be beneficial/be rewarding替换be good/ be helpful.Taking regular exercise can be of great benefit.2.表“相信”→用be fully/ firmly convinced替换believe.We are firmly convinced that we'll live up to your expectations.3.表“应该”→用be supposed to替换should.As high school students, we are supposed to be neatly dressed when at school.4.表“感谢”→用appreciate替换thank... for.I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand,5.表“因为”→用due to替换because of.Due to poor management , the factory is deeply in debt.6.表“成功”→用make it替换succeed.She shouted at the top of her voice,"I've made it!”7.表“重要”→用matter/ count替换be important.What matters most in learning English is enough practise.8.表“即将来临”→用around the corner/at hand替换coming soon.With the summer vacation around the corner, we get excited.9.表“擅长;精通”→用have a good command of替换be good at.All the students are expected to have a good command of a foreign language.10.表“不得不”用can not help but do替换have to do.She couldn't help but wonder how she could handle the situation.11.表“全神贯注于”用be absorbed in替换be lost in.She was totally absorbed in her book.12.表“非常”用more than替换very.If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than pleased to give you a hand.13.表“帮助”用do sb. a favour替换help.Would you please do me a favour to turn down the radio?14.表“大多数”→用the majority of替换most.The majority of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.15.表“对....感兴趣”→用appeal to 替换be interested in.If anything, swimming will appeal to me most strongly,16.表‘疲惫”→用be wom out/ feel exhausted替换be tired.We've been having so many visitors today that we feel exhausted.17.表“照顾”→用attend to替换look after.She hung up hurriedly and attended to the baby.Meanwhile, the meal got burnt.18.表“只要”→用on condition that替换as long as.You can go out on condition that you get it finished.19.表“对..满意”→用express one' s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with.They expressed their satisfaction with their lives.20.表“努力做..."→用spare no effort to do/make great efforts to do/take pains to do替换try one's best to do.To be competitive on the world market, we must spare no effort to improve the quality of our products.
爱吃牛蛙的鱼
英语衔接词汇、过渡词汇有以下：
一、表逻辑上的先后顺序
(expressions enumerating or stressing facts)
1) 首先first，firstly，in the first place，in the first instance，to begin with
2) 其次secondly，in the second place
3) 最后，最重要的是at last，finally，last，lastly，most importantly
4) 最后但并非最不重要的(一点)是，最后要说的是last but not least
二、表递进关系
(addition expressions)
1) (副词)也;而且，还also，too，besides
2) (并列连接词)而且and
3) 此外in addition to，apart from
4) 此外furthermore，what’s more
5) 不仅……而且……not only…but also…
6) 既……又……，也both…and…，as well as
三、表转折或比较关系
(expressions of contrast or comparison)
1) (并列连接词)但是but
2) (副词)然而(and)yet，while，whereas
3) (副词)然而nevertheless，however
4) (从属连接词)尽管，虽然though，although
5) 相反，正相反，恰恰相反to the contrary，on the contrary，quite the contrary
6) 与……形成对比，与……截然不同in contrast with/to
7) 相反(but)rather
8) 反而，代替，而不是instead，instead of
9) 毕竟after all
10) 同样地equally，likewise，similarly
四、表例证关系
(exemplification expressions)
1) 也就是说namely，that is，that is to say
2) 例如for example，for instance
3) 举例来说to illustrate
4) 例如such as
5) 以……为例(来说)take…as an example
五、表因果关系
(cause and effect expressions)
1) (后接表原因的从句)因为because
2) (后接表原因的并列分句)因为for
3) 因为……because of…，,owing to…，on account of…
4) 因为这个那个，这些那些原因for this(that，these，those)reason(s)
5) (从句1)为了……in order that
6) (副词)因此，所以thus，hence，therefore
7) 那么then
8) 结果(是)as a result;so that(后接表结果的从句)
9) 因此，结果(是)consequently
10) 因此，相应地(就)accordingly
六、表观点
(viewpoint expressions)
1) 在我看来in my opinion，in my view
2) 我本人认为，我个人的看法是personally，as far as Im concerned
3) 我认为I think(that从句)，as a rule
4) 一般来说generally(speaking)，in general
5) 坦率地说frankly speaking，to be frank
七、表强调
(expressions stressing facts or adding force)
1) 显而易见obviously，apparently，clearly，certainly
2) 肯定地，当然surely，to be sure，of course
3) 事实上，实际上，真正地actually，as a matter of fact，indeed
4) 自然地naturally
5) 毫无疑问no doubt，undoubtedly
八、表时间关系
(expressions of time references)
1) 首先first
2) 起初at first
3) 然后，后来，在那之后，随后then，later，after that，afterwards，consequently
4) 同时，与此同时at the same time，in the meantime，meanwhile
5) 最后finally，at last
6) 最终，最后eventually，ultimately
7) 就在那以后(不久)just then，shortly after that，immediately after that
8) 不久，很快before long，soon
9) 从那以后from then on
10) 从现在起from now on
11) 暂时，暂且for the time being
12) 在以后/未来的日子里in the days to come
13) 在下星期/月in the coming week/month
九、表空间位置
(space expressions)
1) 在……的左/右边on the left/right of...
2) 在……(的)旁边besides…
3) 在……的前边in front of
4) 在……(内部的)前面in the front of
5) 在……的`顶部at the top of
6) 在……的底部at the bottom of
7) 在……里面;在室内inside…，indoors
8) 在……外面;在室外outside，outdoors
9) 在附近nearby
10) 在……附近，在……隔壁，靠近……next to
十、表总结
(summary expressions)
1) 简而言之allin all，in brief，in short
2) 总的说来，总之in conclusion，to sum up，to conclude，to summarize
3) 总之，一句话in a word，in one word
4) 长话短说，简而言之to make/cut a long story short
5) 最后(要讲的是)finally，ultimately
6) 从根本上来讲essentially
英语文章及结尾常用过渡词
A. 文章及段落起始过渡词语
1. To begin with
2. Generally speaking
3. First of all
4. In the first place
B. 文章及结尾常用的过渡词语
1. Therefore
2. Thus
3. This way
4. In conclusion
5. To sum up
6. In a word
7. In brief
8. As a matter of fact
C. 常见的表示先后顺序的过渡词语
1. First,… Second, … Next, … Finally, …
2. Afterwards, …
3. Meanwhile, …
4. Then, …
5. Firstly,… Secondly, … Eventually, …
6. At last
7. Immediately
8. suddenly
9. soon
D. 常见的对称关系的过渡词语
1. For one thing, … for another thing, …
2.On one hand, … on the other hand, …
E. 常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语
1. For this reason
2. As a result
3. because of
4. Due to
5. Thanks to
6. Thus
7. In this way
8. Accordingly
9. Therefore
剪刀手七七
1. 表示起始关系first of all, to begin with, above all, according to, as you know, as is known, etc.As we all know, good learning habits lead to efficient study.According to a research, the total number is reduced to less than 1,000 now.2. 表示时间顺序first, then, later, in the end, finally, at last, after that, afterwards, since then, at the same time, suddenly, immediately, right now/ away, at once, from then on, from now on, etc.At the same time, we enjoyed the beauty of nature.3. 表示并列关系and, or, also, as well as, either… or, neither… nor, not only… but also…, not… but…, etc.I think we will have a good time there and I will send you the photos taken there.Also, do let me know if you need more information.4. 表示转折关系but, yet, however, while, on the contrary, etc.However, not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser.5. 表示因果关系because, as, since, for, thanks to, due to, as a result, so, therefore, etc.Therefore, there is no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs.As a result, children become so dependent on their parents that they have no independent thought. 6. 表示条件关系if, unless, as long as, so long as, in case, in case of, etc.I would be very grateful if you can meet him at the airport.As long as we stick to our dreams, we will become a winner sooner or later.7. 表示递进关系what’s more, moreover, besides, worse still, to make matters worse, still less, for one thing… for another, on the one hand… on the other hand, etc.Many of them can hardly look after themselves, still less manage their own life.For one thing, I can earn some money to help my parents. For another, I can gain some experience.8. 表示列举such as, for example, for instance, take… for example, that is to say, as follows, in other words, etc.They are of different shapes, such as diamonds, butterflies and flowers.Teachers will organize some English activities, for instance, English debates and English speech contests so as to help students arouse their interest in English.9. 表示观点in my opinion, in my view, in my point of view, personally, as for me, as far as I am concerned, etc.As far as I am concerned, they stand for love, friendship and unity.10. 表示总结in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, all in all, in general, generally speaking, on the whole, etc.In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it’s the mother of success.All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
