斗兽场英文

意大利语：Colosseo、英语：Colosseum

斗兽场这种建筑形态起源于古希腊时期的剧场，当时的剧场都傍山而建，呈半圆形，观众席就在山坡上层层升起。但是到了古罗马时期，例如埃庇道努剧场（Epidauros Theater，约公元前330年，设计师：皮力克雷托斯Polykleitos the Younger）.

人们开始利用拱券结构将观众席架起来，并将两个半圆形的剧场对接起来，因此形成了所谓的圆形剧场（amphitheatrum），并且不再需要靠山而建了。

而罗马斗兽场就是罗马帝国内规模最大的一个椭圆形角斗场，它长轴187米，短轴155米，周长527米，中央为表演区，长轴86米，短轴54米，地面铺上地板，外面围着层层看台。看台约有60排，分为五个区，最下面前排是贵宾（如元老、长官、祭司等）区，第二层供贵族使用，第三区是给富人使用的，第四区由普通公民使用，最后一区则是给底层妇女使用，全部是站席。在观众席上还有用悬索吊挂的天篷，这是用来遮阳的；而且天篷向中间倾斜，便于通风。这些天篷由站在最上层柱廊的水手们像控制风帆那样操控。

The Roman Colosseum

斗兽场的看台用三层混凝土制的筒形拱上，每层80个拱，形成三圈不同高度的环形券廊（即拱券支撑起来的走廊），最上层则是50米高的实墙。

看台逐层向后退，形成阶梯式坡度。每层的80个拱形成了80个开口，最上面两层则有80个窗洞，观众们入场时就按照自己座位的编号，首先找到自己应从哪个底层拱门入场，然后再沿着楼梯找到自己所在的区域，最后找到自己的位子。整个斗兽场最多可容纳9万人，却因入场设计周到而不会出现拥堵混乱，这种入场的设计即使是今天的大型体育场依然沿用。

斗兽场表演区地底下隐藏着很多洞口和管道，这里可以储存道具和牲畜，以及角斗士，表演开始时再将他们吊起到地面上。斗兽场甚至可以利用输水道引水。248年在斗兽场就曾这样将水引入表演区，形成一个湖，表演海战的场面，来庆祝罗马建成1000年。

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The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the center of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering.It has been estimated that about 500,000 people and over a million wild animals died in the Colosseum games.Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined due to damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and its breakthrough achievements in earthquake engineering. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre.The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.

斗兽场:古时罗马等国家实行的一种人人/人兽/兽兽相互打斗的场所,其目的在于让人们在看到暴力时感觉到快乐

The ColosseumThe Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the center of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering.Colosseo is a station on Line B of the Rome Metro. It was opened on 10 February 1955 and is located, as its name suggests, in the Monti rione on via del Colosseo near the Colosseum. The station is currently involved in the works preparing for the Metro's Line C.Its atrium houses mosaics from the Artemetro Roma Prize. They are by Pietro Dorazio (Italy), Kenneth Noland (USA) and Emil Schumacher (Germany)[1]. Its main exit is in front of the Colosseum, to the right of the arch of Constantine, whilst its other exit is on largo Agnesi towards San Pietro in Vincoli.