动名词英文

动名词动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。Living in digs means having one room in someone's house.寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。

英文语法拉杂谈--动名词 作者:kohtp 谈谈动名词（GERUND)你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？在还没谈动名词之前，让我们先看看下面的句子：1.The girl is singing a song.2.The girl singing now is my sister.3.Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(PresentContinuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(PresentParticiple)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧 :-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈吧，OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！你看，sing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。怎么，好玩吧？因此记住，不要以为一个动词加上ing后都是现在进行式呀！动名词可分为两大类：一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some,any, all, no 等等。举例如下：1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)2.We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) inthe bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint)从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund)看看下面的句子：Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher.上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。好，今天就谈到这里，更多关于动名词的事下回再谈。如果诸位不怕头晕的，请再来试试，嘿嘿！谈谈动名词(Gerund)(二）动名词的功能与用法一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(SubjectComplement):1.1作主语1. Listening to music gives me pleasure.(主语Listening ）2. Running is good exercise. （主语running)3. Walking to school is a good idea.(主语walking)1.2 作主语的补语1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping)2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing)1.3主语置于句尾1.3.1 用 It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).1.3.2用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型 1. It is no use learning theory without practice. 2. It is no fun being lost in rain.1.3.3用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型 1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型 1. There is no joking about such matters. 2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)如何？感到头晕了吗？不怕的再来吧。再见。谈谈动名词(Gerund)(三)二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object)2.1作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面）1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing)2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.(宾语quarrelling)3. You should practice speaking English more.(宾语speaking)注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有： dislike 厌恶 admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承认 enjoy 享受 escape避免deny 否认postpone 延迟 resent 怨恨mind 介意 miss 错过risk 冒风险 finish 完成avoid 避免delay 耽误 consider 认为 fancy 想象 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象 resist 抵制suggest 建议 …… 还有短语类： keep (on)继续 don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃 put off 延迟leave off 停止burst out 闯出……再请注意：有一些动词除了可接动名词外，也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下： 1. I prefer livingin an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living) 2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live)像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有： allow deserveneglect attempt fearomit begin hate permitbother intendcease likerecommendcontinuelove start stop forgetregret propose trycontinueremember need…… 其实如hate, love, like之类动词，接动名词和接不定词的句子，意思是会有些不同的，这就留给大家去研究吧，hihi……2.2作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)3. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)注意：在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?2.3 作"名词+介词"的宾语请看下列的句子：1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾语speaking)2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语studying)这一类"名词+介词"的还有：danger offear ofobjection todelight to habit of opportunity for /ofexcuse for experience inlove inreason for ……好了，好了，看到这里，你是不是需要一点风油呢？呵呵！Gerund还没谈完呢，再会吧。谈谈动名词(Gerund)（四）三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的主语之外，属于动名词的"主语"，也就称为"逻辑主语"，一般位于动名词的前面。3.1在动名词前加"物主代词（如：my, his...)"或"名词所有格(如：Mary's,Dog's...)"1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming）2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主语Tom,动名词escaping)3.2作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名词所有格"1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)2. He insisted on Mary's staying there.(逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)注意：作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时，则用通格（of the):1.I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimatefriends. （逻辑主语news)3.3在下列情况中，不能使用所有格：3.3.1 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:1. I remember all of them saying it .3.3.2数词、名词化形容词（如 the three, the old...)作逻辑主语时： 1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believeit.3.3.3结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语，或受从句或短语修饰时： 1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talkinga little louder?真是烦死人了！还好，"动名词"最难的一关要算是"逻辑主语"了。如果你闯过后，接下来的就轻松得多了。哈哈……谈谈动名词(Gerund)（五）四、动名词的语态4.1被动式(being + v-ed)当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.2. They couldn't stand being treated(被对待) like that.4.2完成式 (having + v-ed)动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.4.3完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)1.I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.2.Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)rudely.4.4在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动语态来表示被动的意思。1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水）.2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回答).五、作定语 （Attribute）动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。1. sleeping car 卧车2. walking stick 手杖3. printing shop 印务馆4. reading room 阅读室5. swimming pool泳池6. washing machine洗衣机7. dining room饭厅六、在英文正式语体里，动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后，以替代副词/状语的子句(Adverbial Clauses)例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring thefollowing number:... 2.In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring thefollowing number:...第二个句子的"In case of "动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 "Incase" 副词子句。下列都是这类例子：1.In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )2.Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted.(despite)3.For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)4.The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)5.In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)6.Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )7.The girl left without saying a word. (without)8.The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)9.The children got tired from learning too much.(from)10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England.(after)11. Before going to bed, I opened the window.(before)12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)关于动名词终于谈完了，呜呼噫嘻……

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化.解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词.特征：动词原形+ing构成,具有名词,动词一些特征 [编辑本段]一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等.1、作主语Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术.Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣.Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦.动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末.这种用法在习惯句型中常用.如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用.It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间.It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难.It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好.There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑.动名词作主语的几种类型 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分.在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论. 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况： 1. 直接位于句首做主语.例如： Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语. 动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后.例如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等. 注意：important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构. 3. 用于“There be”结构中.例如： There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来. 4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中.例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking. 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语).动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语.例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 6.例词shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语.在意义上相近.但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作.比较： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.

1.动名词是兼有动词和名词性质的非限定动词，不随主语的人称和数而变化，由原形动词＋ing构成。2.动名词有动词特征，可以有宾语或被副词修饰。Mostoftheboysarefondofwatchingfootballgames.大多数男孩喜欢看足球比赛。（footballgames是动名词watching的宾语。）Heinsistedonleavingimmediately.他坚持立刻离开。（immediately是修饰动名词的副词。）3.动名词的否定式由not＋动名词构成。Tryingwithoutsuccessisbetterthannottrying.试验不成功总比不试验好。4.动名词的被动形式由being＋过去分词构成。Hedoesn'tlikebeingdisturbedwhilereading.他不喜欢在读书时被打扰。5.动名词的完成形式由having＋过去分词构成，它发生的时间先于主要动词发生的时间。Shedidn'tmentionhavingmetyou.她没有提到见到了你。6.动名词可被所有格，如my，Tom's等修饰。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?你介意我打开窗户吗？7.动名词可以由冠词或this，some等修饰。TheyusuallydosomeshoppingonSundays.他们星期天通常去购物。Toomuchsmokingdoesharmtohishealth.吸烟过多伤害他的健康。Aknockingatthewindowfrightenedme.敲窗户的声音吓了我一跳。8.动名词可以有复数形式，但这样就变成了纯粹的名词，不能带有宾语，补语或修饰语。【参见分词，不定式】Hersayingsanddoingsareverystrangethesedays.最近她的言行很古怪。‹动名词(gerund)向上动名词在句中的作用›

动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。