句子成分课件英语

1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）…… It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired. (三) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）(六) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well. (七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 参 考 答 案(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school ③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语

1、句子成分的名称及划分符号名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 （1）主语。主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。 he likes watching tv.他喜欢看电视。 （2）谓语。谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类：1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。we study for the people.我们为人民学习。2)复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式 i can speak a little english.我可以说一点英语。 （3）表语。表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 my sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 （4）宾语。宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。we like english.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。he gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： we make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 （5）定语。在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 he is a new student.他是个新生。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。the bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。 （6）状语。修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 he lives in london。 2、英语句子成分口诀： （1）主谓宾定状补，句子成分要清楚。句子主干主谓宾，枝叶部分定状补。定语用在主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。还有助词的地得，帮助区分定状补。 （2）组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

句子主要有下面这些成分：1}主语（Subject)——是一句话的中心，整句话都谈它的情况：My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。Her room is on the fifthfloor.她的房间在 5 楼。2) 谓语(Predicate)——是主语的主要情况，可表示动作，也可表示状态: She works in ahospital她在一家医院工作。（动作）She knows a little English,她懂一点英语。（状态）3) 宾语(Object)——表示动作的承受者，也可表示动作的结果： Everybody likes her.人人都喜欢她。（动作承受者）She is writing a letter now,她在写信。（动作的结果）4) 表语（Predicative)——和系动词一道构成谓语：She is a conscientious girl她是一个工作认真的姑娘。5) 定语(Attribute)——修饰名词、代词等：Her hospital isn’t verybig.她的医院不大。（修饰名词）But everyone in the hospital works hard.但医院里人人工作都很努力。 (修饰代词）6) 状语(Adverbial)——修饰动词、形容词或副词：She goes to work very early.她每天很早上班。（修饰动词，very修饰副 词）She feels very happy,她感到很快乐。（修饰形容词）此外还有同位语（Appositive)、插入语（Parenthesis)及呼语（Vocative): This is my sister Mary.这是我妹妹玛丽。（作my sister的同位语） Mary is a good girl, they say.他们说玛丽是个好姑娘。（作插入语）Sit down, Mary.玛丽，请坐。（作呼语）

语法书上讲解的很详细，大体来讲，就是句子分为主语、谓语、宾语。建议你去新东方网站上查一下，那里有英语语法专门的讲解视频，讲解得很好，很明白也很详细，相信会对你有很大帮助的。