月野小兔纸
AA值 指聚餐会帐时各人平摊出钱或各人算各人的帐的做法。 ABC A、B、C是拉丁字母中的前三个,用来指一般常识或浅显的道理(有时也用作书名)。 AB制 剧团排演某剧时,其中的同一主要角色由两个演员担任,演出时如A角不能上场则由B角上场,这种安排叫做AB制。 Ac 【Alternating current】交流电 a/c 【Account】帐户 AD 【annno Domini】公元 a.m. 【ante merldiem】上午 ASCII 【American National Standard Code for Information Interchange】美国国家信息交换标准代码。 BA 【Bachelor of Arts】 BBC 【British Broadeasting Corporation】英国广播公司 BC 【Before Christ】公元前 BCom 【Bachelor of Commerce】商学士 BD 【Bachelor of Dirinity】神学士 BL 【bachelor of Law】法学士 BP机 【beeper】无线传呼机。也叫寻呼机。 BSc 【Bachelor of Science】理学士 C【circa(about)】关于、大约 C 【Centigrade】摄氏(温标) CA 【Chartered Accountant】会计师 CAD 【computer aided design】计算机辅助设计。 CD 【compact disc】激光唱片。 cp 【Compare】比较 CPU 【central processing unit】计算机的中央处理器。 CT 【computerized tomography】⑴X射线电子计算机断层扫描;⑵X射线电子计算机断层扫描仪。 DC 【Direct Current】直流电 DCL 【Dorctor of Civil Law】罗马法博士 DD 【Doctor of Divinity】神学博士 DLitt 【Doctor of Litorature】文学博士 DNA 【deoxyribonucleic acid】脱氧核糖核酸。 DOS 【disk operation system】磁盘操作系统。 DPh,DPhil 【Doctor of Philosophy】哲学博士 DSc 【Doctor of Science】理学博士 DVD 【digital video disk】数字式激光视盘。 eg 【exempli gratia(for example)】例如 et seq 【et sequentia(and what follows)】以及下列等等 F 【Fahrenheit】华氏(温标) FAX 【facsimile】传真系统。 GB 【Great Britain】大不列颠 GMT 【Greenwich Mean Time】格林威治标准时间 HM 【Her/His Majesty】陛下 hp 【horse-power】马力 【health points】生命值 HQ 【Headquaters】总部 ie 【id est(that is)】即 Internet 国际互联网络。 IQ 【Intelligence Quotient】智商 ISO 【International Organization for Standardization】国家标准化组织。 km/h 【kilometres per hour】公里/小时 KTV 【卡拉OK Television】演艺或餐饮场所的卡拉OK包厢。 LD 【laser disc】激光视盘。 LLB 【Bachelor of Laws】法学士 LLD 【Doctor of Lows】法学博士 MA 【Master of Arts】文学硕士 MB 【Bachelor of Medicine】医学士 MP 【Member of Parliament】议员 【Magic Points】魔法值 mph 【miles per hour】英里/小时 MS 【Manuscrip;pl MSS】手稿;原稿 MTV 【Music Television】音乐电视,即用电视画面配合歌曲的演唱,以达到较好的视听效果。 Mus Bac 【Bachelor of Music】音乐学士 Mus Doc 【Doctor of Music】音乐学博士 NATO 【North Attantic Treaty Organization】北大西洋公约组织 No 【Number;pl Nos】第…… NT 【New Testament】《新约全书》 N型半导体 【N,negative,表示负的意思】电子型半导体,主要靠电子导电的半导体。 OA 【office automation】办公自动化。 OM 【Order of Merit】一等功 OT 【Old Testanent】《旧约全书》 PbD 【Doctor of Philosophy】哲学博士 pm 【post meridien(afternoon)】下午 PO 【Post Office】邮局 P型半导体 【P,positive,表示正的意思】空穴型半导体,主要靠空穴导电的半导体。 pH值 【pouvoir hydrogène(法文)】氢离子浓度指数。 pro tem 【pro tempore(for the time being)】目前 PS 【postscript】附言,附录,跋 P-N结 在同一半导体材料中,使其中一部分成为P型导电区域,另一部分成为N型导电区域,这两个区域的交界面叫做P-N结。P-N结具有单向导电性。 RAM 【Random Access Memory】随机存取存储器。 ROM 【Read-Only Memery】只读存储器。 SOS 国际曾通用的船舶、飞机等的呼救信号,也用于一般的求救或求助。 SOS儿童村 一种收养孤儿的专门慈善机构。 St 【Saint】圣 TNT 【trinotrototuol(an explosive)】梯恩梯(炸药) TV 【television】电视。也用在电视台的台标中。 T恤衫 【T Shirt】一种短袖针织上衣,因略呈T形,故称。 UFO 【unidentified flying object】不明飞行物。 UK 【United Kingdom】联合王国 UNO 【United Nations Organization】联合国组织 USA 【United States of America】美利坚合众国 USSR 【Union of Soviet Socialist Republics】苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟 VCD 【video compact disc】激光视盘。BF = Boy Friend ?VIP = Very Important Person
美食风中沙鸥
杀伤力最强的核武器是——氢弹。
20世纪最变态的武器之氢弹
人类史上最变态的武器 H-bomb,是一个组合英文单词,即:氢弹。词头H,本为hydrogen的缩写,不过我们可以理解为High,我们把H-bomb解释为“很嗨的炸弹”——氢弹的确是可以让我们都变得都“很嗨很嗨”的炸弹。
赫鲁晓夫团队制造出了一个迄今为止威力最大的人造爆炸装置——1亿吨TNT当量氢弹,这颗炸弹的名字和它的威力一样可怕——它被称为为“赫鲁晓夫炸弹”。
然而,当设计者们计算出爆炸威力的半径为1000公里时,感到为难了:离新地岛750公里即有城市和人口稠密居住区。他们直接请示赫鲁晓夫后决定把装药量减少一半,为5000万吨当量。专家测算,假如这样一颗超级氢弹被投在像纽约这样的大城市,城市也会立刻化为灰烬。即使躲在很深的地铁下面也难以幸免。因为地铁的所有出入口都将被烈焰熔化。离爆炸中心700公里以内的城市也在劫难逃。爆炸实验最后决定在新地岛试验场进行。试验场占据了整个新地岛,面积为8.26万平方公里。
薄荷kokoro
VIP (very important person) 重要人物,有钱人或高层人士OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织利用词的第一个字母代表一个词组的缩略词,就叫做首字母缩略词。一个典型例子是BBC,指British Broadcasting Corporation(英国广播公司)。早在罗马帝国时期,罗马远征军旗帜上的四个拉丁文字母子SRQR就可算作一个首字母缩略词,它代表Senatus Populusque Romanus (The Senate and the Roman People, 意思是"为元老院院和罗马人民而战")。但是首字缩略词的盛行,却是现代生活的产物。从结构来看,首字经平缩略词可以用字母整个词,如:IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织UN ← United Nations 联合国OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间字母也可以代表词的一部分,如:TV ← television 电视CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计IT ← information technology 现代信息技术MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用,如:E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵从应用来看,首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域,这里不能一一提及,仅举几个方面的例子来说明。应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸m ← metre 公尺cm ← centimetre 厘米g ← gram 克F ← fluorine 氟U ← uranium 铀专有名词也多有缩写,以新闻通讯社为例:AP ← Associated Press 美联社UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社(意大利)MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词:C/O ← care of 烦……转交P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片VIP ← very important person 大人物外来语也可以有首字母缩略词:RSVP ← (法语)Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复KGB ← (俄语)Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃,原苏联的国家安全委员会NHK ← (日语)Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词,在英语的书面语中已必不可少:e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现,如:G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳(英国戏剧家,1856-1950)L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊(美国第三十六任总统)1 CFR(cost and freight) 成本加运费价 2 T/T(telegraphic transfer) 电汇 3 D/P(document against payment) 付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance) 承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin) 一般原产地证 6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences) 普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons) 纸箱 8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces) 只、个、支等 9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars) 美元 10 DOZ/DZ(dozen) 一打 11 PKG(package) 一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT(weight) 重量 13 G.W.(gross weight) 毛重 14 N.W.(net weight) 净重 15 C/D (customs declaration) 报关单 16 EA(each) 每个,各 17 W (with) 具有 18 w/o(without) 没有 19 FAC(facsimile) 传真 20 IMP(import) 进口 21 EXP(export) 出口 22 MAX (maximum) 最大的、最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum) 最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium) 中等,中级的 25 M/V(merchant vessel) 商船 26 S.S(steamship) 船运 27 MT或M/T(metric ton) 公吨 28 DOC (document) 文件、单据 29 INT(international) 国际的 30 P/L (packing list) 装箱单、明细表 31 INV (invoice) 发票 32 PCT (percent) 百分比 33 REF (reference) 参考、查价 34 EMS (express mail special) 特快传递 35 STL.(style) 式样、款式、类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex) 电传 37 RMB(renminbi) 人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks) 装船标记 39 PR或PRC(price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase) 购买、购货 41 S/C(sales contract) 销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit) 信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading) 提单 44 FOB (free on board) 离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight) 成本、保险加运费价
紫枫2007
9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打 11 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT(weight)重量 13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 14 N.W.(net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA(each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o(without)没有 19 FAC(facsimile)传真 20 IMP(import)进口 21 EXP(export)出口 ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理 VIP (Very Important Person) 要人 VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网 ARPG(Action Role Play Game,动作角色扮演游戏) AVG(Adventure Game,冒险类游戏) DAN(Dance,跳舞类游戏,包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等) DC(Dreamcast,世嘉64位游戏机) ETC(etc,其它类游戏,包括模拟飞行) FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆) FPG(First Person Game,第一人称游戏) FTG(Fighting Game,格斗类游戏) GB(GameBoy,任天堂4位手提游戏机) GBC(GameBoy Color,任天堂手提16色游戏机) GG(GameGear,世嘉彩色手提游戏机) FC(Famicom,任天堂8位游戏机) fps(frames per second,帧/秒) FR(Frames Rate,游戏运行帧数) MAC(Macintosh,苹果电脑) N64(Nintendo64,任天堂64位游戏机) SFC(Super Famicom,超级任天堂16位游戏机) SLG(Simulation Game,模拟类游戏)SPG(SportsGames,运动类游戏) SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games,战略角色扮演游戏) STG(Shoot Game,射击类游戏) SS(Sega Saturn,世嘉土星32位游戏机) PC(Personal Computer,个人计算机) PS(PlayStation,索尼32位游戏机) PS(PocketStation,索尼手提游戏机) RAC(Race,赛车类游戏) RTS(RealTime Strategies,实时战略) RPG(Role Play Game,角色扮演游戏) TAB(Table Chess,桌棋类游戏) 外贸中常见英文缩略词 1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表 31 INV (invoice)发票 32 PCT (percent)百分比 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 44 FOB (free on board)离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 补充: CR=credit贷方,债主 DR=debt借贷方 (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。) Exp=Expense花费,费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 VC=variable cost变动费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。) A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。) PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折 The most common Latin words, abbreviations, and initialisms still in use are: A.D. (anno Domini), "in the year of the Lord". a.m. (ante meridiem), "before midday". c. & ca. (circa), "around (about, approximately)". cf. (confer) means "bring together" and hence "compare" (confer is the imperative of the Latin verb conferre) Example: "These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques (cf. Wilson, 1999 and Ansmann, 1992)." C.V. or CV (curriculum vitae), meaning "course of life". A document containing a summary or listing of relevant job experience and education. The exact usage of the term varies between British English and American English. cwt. (centum weight), "Hundredweight": [1] N.B. this uses a mixture of Latin and English abbreviation. D.D. (Divinitatis Doctor), "Doctor of Divinity": D.Lit. (Doctor Litterarum), "Doctor of Literature": D.M. (Doctor Medicinae), "Doctor of Medicine": D.V. (Deo volente), "God willing". DG, D.G. or DEI GRA (Dei gratia), "by the grace of God".[1] A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins. ead. (eadem): see id. below. et al. (et alii) means "and others", or "and co-workers".[1] It can also stand for et alia, "and other things". Example: "These results agree with the ones published by Pelon et al. (2002)." etc. (et cetera) (archaic abbreviations include &c. and &/c.) means "and the others", "and other things", "and the rest". Example: "I need to go to the store and buy some pie, milk, cheese, etc." e.g. (exempli gratia) means "for example", "for instance". Example: "The use of a sensor to measure the solar radiation, e.g. a sunphotometer, is necessary in this technique." fl. or flor. (floruit) means the period of time during which a person, school, movement or even species was active or flourishing (literally, "he/she/it flourished"). F D or FID DEF (fidei defensor), "defender of the faith". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins. ibid. (ibidem) means "in the same place (book, etc.)"[1], and is used in citations. It should not be confused with the following abbreviation. It is better pronounced ibídem, with stress on the second -i- (as it was in Latin). id. (idem) means "the same (man)".[1] It is used to avoid repeating the name of an author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) Note that if we are quoting an authoress we should use the corresponding feminine form, i.e. ead. (eadem), "the same (woman)" (eadem is pronounced with stress on the first e-). i.a. ("inter alia") means "among other things". Example: "Ernest Hemingway- author (i.a. 'The Sun Also Rises')" i.e. (id est) means "that is" or "in other words". Example: "For reasons not fully understood there is only a minor PSI contribution to the variable fluorescence emission of chloroplasts (Dau, 1994), i.e. the PSI fluorescence appears to be independent from the state of its reaction centre (Butler, 1978)." lb. (libra) means "scales", used to indicate the pound (mass). M.O. (modus operandi) means "method of operating". N.B. (nota bene) means "note well". Some people use "Note" for the same purpose.[1] Usually written with majuscule letters. Example: "N.B.: All the measurements have an accuracy of 5% as they were calibrated according to the procedure described by Jackson (1989)." nem. con. (nemine contradicente) means "with no-one speaking against". This does NOT mean "unanimously", but simply that nobody voted against - in other words, there may have been abstentions. p.a. (per annum) means "through a year", and is used in the sense of "yearly".[1] per cent. (per centum), "Per hundred": p.m. (post meridiem), "after midday". p.m.a. (post mortem auctoris) means "after the author's death". p.p. & per pro. (per procurationem), "through the agency of". PRN (pro re nata), "as needed" in relation to medication. pro tem. (pro tempore), "for the time being", temporarily, in place of.[1] P.S. (post scriptum) means "after what has been written"; it is used to indicate additions to a text after the signature. Q.D. (quaque die), "every day", used on medications to indicate when to take. Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum) means "which was to be demonstrated".[1] Cited in many texts at the end of a mathematical proof. q.v. (quod vide) means "which see".[1] Used after a term or phrase that should be looked up elsewhere in the current document or book. For more than one term or phrase, the plural is quae vide (qq.v.). Re (in re) means "in the matter of", or "concerning". Often used to prefix the subject of replies to memoranda and latterly, emails. REG (regina), "queen". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins minted when the reigning monarch is a queen. Rex, "king" (not an abbreviation) is used when the reigning monarch is a king. R.I.P. (requiescat in pace), "may he/she rest in peace": a short prayer for a dead person. It can also mean requiescant (plural) in pace, i.e. "may they" etc. sc. (scilicet) means "that is to say".[1][2] Sometimes abbreviated scil. It has mostly been replaced by "i.e." Example: "I was three sheets to the wind last night, sc. I was extremely intoxicated." s.o.s. ("si opus sit"), "if there is need", "if occasion require", "if necessary".[4] viz (videlicet) means "namely".[1] There is no full stop after viz because the -z shows the abbreviation. Some people use "i.e." for the same purpose. However, the use of i.e. can be wrong, as viz should be used, as in the following example, to precede a complete list when the group has already been named collectively. Example: "The noble gases, viz helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton and radon, show a non-expected behaviour when exposed to this new element." vs or v. (versus) means "against" (sometimes is not abbreviated). Example: "From Figure 1 that shows force (in newtons) vs. mass (in kilograms) we can derive the acceleration of the body." IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会 CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体 EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体 OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织 UN ← United Nations 联合国 OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船 GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间 字母也可以代表词的一部分,如: TV ← television 电视 CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘 CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计 IT ← information technology 现代信息技术 MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视 IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话 GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部 TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核 有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用,如: E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件 H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹 V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日 GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵 从应用来看,首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域,这里不能一一提及,仅举几个方面的例子来说明。 应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。 PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯 FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢 DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕 DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 m ← metre 公尺 cm ← centimetre 厘米 g ← gram 克 F ← fluorine 氟 U ← uranium 铀 专有名词也多有缩写,以新闻通讯社为例: AP ← Associated Press 美联社 UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社 AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社 DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社 USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处 ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社(意大利) MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词: C/O ← care of 烦……转交 P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言 S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡 LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片 VIP ← very important person 大人物 外来语也可以有首字母缩略词: RSVP ← (法语)Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复 KGB ← (俄语)Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃,原苏联的国家安全委员会 NHK ← (日语)Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司 特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词,在英语的书面语中已必不可少: e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上 i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等 viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见 有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现,如: G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳(英国戏剧家,1856-1950) L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊(美国第三十六任总统) VIP (very important person) 重要人物,有钱人或高层人士 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织 利用词的第一个字母代表一个词组的缩略词,就叫做首字母缩略词。一个典型例子是BBC,指British Broadcasting Corporation(英国广播公司)。早在罗马帝国时期,罗马远征军旗帜上的四个拉丁文字母子SRQR就可算作一个首字母缩略词,它代表Senatus Populusque Romanus (The Senate and the Roman People, 意思是"为元老院院和罗马人民而战")。但是首字缩略词的盛行,却是现代生活的产物。 从结构来看,首字经平缩略词可以用字母整个词,如: IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会 CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体 EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体 OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织 UN ← United Nations 联合国 OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船 GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间 字母也可以代表词的一部分,如: TV ← television 电视 CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘 CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计 IT ← information technology 现代信息技术 MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视 IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话 GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部 TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核 有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用,如: E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件 H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹 V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日 GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵 从应用来看,首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域,这里不能一一提及,仅举几个方面的例子来说明。 应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。 PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯 FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢 DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕 DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 m ← metre 公尺 cm ← centimetre 厘米 g ← gram 克 F ← fluorine 氟 U ← uranium 铀 专有名词也多有缩写,以新闻通讯社为例: AP ← Associated Press 美联社 UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社 AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社 DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社 USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处 ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社(意大利) MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词: C/O ← care of 烦……转交 P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言 S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡 LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片 VIP ← very important person 大人物 外来语也可以有首字母缩略词: RSVP ← (法语)Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复 KGB ← (俄语)Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃,原苏联的国家安全委员会 NHK ← (日语)Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司 特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词,在英语的书面语中已必不可少: e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上 i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等 viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见 有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现,如: G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳(英国戏剧家,1856-1950) L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊(美国第三十六任总统) 1 CFR(cost and freight) 成本加运费价 2 T/T(telegraphic transfer) 电汇 3 D/P(document against payment) 付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance) 承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin) 一般原产地证 6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences) 普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons) 纸箱 8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces) 只、个、支等 9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars) 美元 10 DOZ/DZ(dozen) 一打 11 PKG(package) 一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT(weight) 重量 13 G.W.(gross weight) 毛重 14 N.W.(net weight) 净重 15 C/D (customs declaration) 报关单 16 EA(each) 每个,各 17 W (with) 具有 18 w/o(without) 没有 19 FAC(facsimile) 传真 20 IMP(import) 进口 21 EXP(export) 出口 22 MAX (maximum) 最大的、最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum) 最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium) 中等,中级的 25 M/V(merchant vessel) 商船 26 S.S(steamship) 船运 27 MT或M/T(metric ton) 公吨 28 DOC (document) 文件、单据 29 INT(international) 国际的 30 P/L (packing list) 装箱单、明细表 31 INV (invoice) 发票 32 PCT (percent) 百分比 33 REF (reference) 参考、查价 34 EMS (express mail special) 特快传递 35 STL.(style) 式样、款式、类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex) 电传 37 RMB(renminbi) 人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks) 装船标记 39 PR或PRC(price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase) 购买、购货 41 S/C(sales contract) 销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit) 信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading) 提单 44 FOB (free on board) 离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight) 成本、保险加运费价
我想我是海啊
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织 IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会 CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体 EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体 OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织 VCD 【video compact disc】激光视盘。
上班好远
IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织UN ← United Nations 联合国OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间字母也可以代表词的一部分,如:TV ← television 电视CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计IT ← information technology 现代信息技术MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用,如:E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵从应用来看,首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域,这里不能一一提及,仅举几个方面的例子来说明。应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸m ← metre 公尺cm ← centimetre 厘米g ← gram 克F ← fluorine 氟U ← uranium 铀专有名词也多有缩写,以新闻通讯社为例:AP ← Associated Press 美联社UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社(意大利)MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词:C/O ← care of 烦……转交P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片VIP ← very important person 大人物外来语也可以有首字母缩略词:RSVP ← (法语)Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复KGB ← (俄语)Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃,原苏联的国家安全委员会NHK ← (日语)Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词,在英语的书面语中已必不可少:e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现,如:G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳(英国戏剧家,1856-1950)L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊(美国第三十六任总统)
优质英语培训问答知识库