雪野在宁
英语动词的几种形式及区分方法:一 现在分词的构成1一般在词尾加ing。 如:study—studying. see—seeing.sing—singing.play--playing2以不发音e结尾词,去掉e,再加ing,如:write—writing.take—taking.3以ie结尾的词变ie为y,再加ing,如:tie—tying.lie—lying.4双写情况 run—running put—putting stop—stopping get--getting plan—planning swim—swimming begin—beginning dig—digging prefer—preferring.二 过去式和过去分词的构成 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: 1:一般动词加ed. finish—finished; call—called. 2:以e接尾的动词加d. like—liked; agree—agreed. 3:以辅音字母加y接尾的词,先将y变为i.再加ed. study---studied; try---tried. 4:双写情况。 stop—stopped. prefer—preferred.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: 1:AAA型。 cut—cut—cut. put—put—put. set—set—set. let—let—let. read—read—read.2;ABB型。 get—got—got. buy—bought-bought. have/has—had—had. keep—kept--kept3:ABC型。 go—went—gone. do/does—did—done. am/is—was—been. are-were—been. eat—ate—eaten. give—gave—given. see—saw—seen. sing-sang—sung. write—wrote-written. drink-drank—drunk.4:ABA型。 come—came—come. run—ran—run. become--became--become.注意:特殊的动词 lay---laid---laid—laying.放,搁;下(蛋)。 lie---lay---lain---lying.躺;位于(in,to,on)。 lie---lied---lied---lying.说谎。 hang—hanged—hanged .绞死,吊死 hang—hung---hung .悬挂;逗留,徘徊三 第三人称单数形式的构成 哪些词属于第三人称单数: 1 he she it作主语时;He gets up early every day. 2 不定代词作主语时;I hope everything goes well. 3 动词不定时作主语时:To play in the street is dangerous. 4 动名词作主语时;Getting up early is good for your health. 5单个的人或物作主语时; Our math teacher is tall. My little dog looks like a cat.动词第三人称单数形式的构成: 1一般动词后加s,如like—likes; play—plays. 2以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i;再加es,如study—studies,cry—cries. 3以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的单词,后加es,如watch—watches;go—goes. 4不规则形式,如have—has,be—is.希望能采纳!
小琳仔仔
一、变内部元音
foot-feet
man-men
mouse-mice
tooth-teeth
woman-women
二、词尾加-en
child-children
ox-oxen
三、形式不变,即单复数同型(通形名词)
deer-deer
fish-fish
means-means
series-series
sheep-sheep
四、加-es(是加-s的'特殊情况)
match-matches
tomato-tomatoes
五、去y改i加-es或去f改v加-es(亦为加-s的特殊情况)
leaf-leaves
六、外来词的不规则变形
ovum-ova
locus-loci
basis-bases
(不少外来词有两种复数形式)
focus-foci/focuses
cactus-cacti/cactuses
fungus-fungi/funguses
规则 变形 :
1)一般情况下(大多数)词尾加s:
book→ books
pen → pens
bag → bags
teacher→ teachers
parent→ parents
tree→ trees
2)名词以s, x, sh, ch结尾时,(为了发音清晰)加es:
kiss→kisses
tax→ taxes(税)
brush→ brushes
lass→lasses(小姑娘)
box→ boxes
wish→ wishes
peach→ peaches
match→ matches
3)以o结尾的名词有些加es,有些加s:
tomato→ tomatoes
potato→ potatoes
echo→ echoes(回音)
hero→ heroes(英雄)
Negro→ Negroes(黑人)
veto→ vetoes(否决)
但以两个o或者两个元音字母结尾时只加s(如果再加es,则有ooe三个元音连在一起,不太好念。英语中很少允许三个元音字母在一起):
bamboos(竹)
radios
zoos
cuckoos(布谷鸟)
kangaroos(袋鼠)
studios(画室)
embryos(胚胎)
有些以o结尾的外来词只加s:
photos(照片)
solos(独唱 )
pianos(钢琴 )
kilos(千克 )
memos(备忘录)
Filipions(菲律宾人)
Eskimos(爱斯基摩人)
有些加s或者es都可以:
motto(e)s(座佑铭)
cargo(e)s(货物)
volcano(e)s(火山)
buffalo(e)s(水牛)
banjo(e)s(班卓琴)
tornado(e)s(龙卷风)
4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,改y为i,再加es(便于发音清晰):
city→ cities
country→ countries
county→ counties(县)
注意:“元音+y”结尾时不能改y,直接加s,因为如果改y为i, 整个词形和发音会产生很大影响:
√boy → boys
√toy → toys
√guy → guys
×box → bois
5)以f或者fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v再加es(为了发音清晰):
wife→ wives
self→ selves
loaf→ loaves (面包片)
wolf→ wolves (狼)
thief→ thieves
knife→ knives
shelf→ shelves (书架)
half→ halves
leaf→ leaves
但是,“两个元音字母+f”结尾时只加s(不能再变f为浊音v再加es,那样听起来会太硬):
roof → roofs(屋顶)
proof → proofs(证据)
chief → chiefs(首领)
hoof → hoofs(马蹄)
个别词两种形式都可以:
scarf→ scarfs, scarves(围巾)
dwarf→ dwarfs, dwarves(矮人)
handkerchief→ handkerchiefs, handkerchieves(手巾)