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I had no choice but_____his adviceA follow Bto follow Cfollowing Dfollowedbut后都接不定式吗答案:B翻译:除了听从他的建议我别无选择解析:but 当除了讲时,后面接动词不定式,但如果前面有do 的任意形式(did doing done),则but后直接加动词原形。Please remain____;the car is turning around a sharp turnAseating Bseated C to seat Dto be seatedAB有什么区别答案:B翻译:请保持坐着,车正在急速转弯解析:seat的用法比较特殊.当动词时有两种用法:1.be seated. 例:they are seated there. 他们坐在那.2.seat oneself. 例:they seat themselves there. 他们坐在那.remain 这里是系动词,相当于第一种用法。A 是现在分词,表示主动,seated 是过去分词 表示被动。____off the light,he left the classroomAturning Bturned Chaving turned D to turnAC有什么区别答案:C翻译:在关闭了灯之后,他离开了教室。解析:C是现在分词的完成式,两层意思:1、表示主动。2、表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。从句子分析。关灯在离开之前发生,所以选择CA 是现在分词,只是表示主动,有事也可表示正在进行。
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下面包括的还有过去分词done 一、1.不定式:表示“将来”和“(具体时间或方式下的)某一次动作”;Can you imagine the building to be built next year?(将要)I like to read after the teacher. (方式:after the teacher)2.现在分词:可表示“正在、主动、习惯、在先”四种情况之一;He was seen crying in the next room.(seen的时候crying正在发生)While reading,he sometimes made some notes. (he主动reading)I love reading English aloud.(习惯、爱好、 经常)Finishing all his work,he had a drink. (先finish,后drink)3.过去分词:仅表示“被动”或“完成”。 Moved deeply by what he said,we can't say a word.(被动)When the sun has risen,they began to cheer all the way.(完成) 二、作宾语:1.习惯在后面接上动词不定式作宾语的动词常见如:want,wish,hope,desire,ask,offer,agree,care, choose, expect, manage, pretend,intend,attempt,decide,learn,determine及tell/show/teach sb how to do2.习惯在后面接动名词作宾语的动词常见的如:1).admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,finish,forgive,imagine,include,keep,mention, mind,miss,practise,resis,risk,suggest2).give up,put off,set about/off, insist on,persist in,stick to,see to,look forward to,on the way to,can't help/bear/stand,it's no use/good3.后接to和接ing形式意义不同的常见动词如:1)remember/forget接to do 表示动作“没有”发生或“将要”发生;接doing表示动作“已经”发生。The letter is still in my pocket.I forget to have it posted.信仍在我口袋里,我忘记把它寄出去了。I forgot writing to him last month.So I write him again.我忘了上月曾给他写过信。所以又给他写了封信。2)regret doing是为做过的事而感到后悔; regret to do 为不能做某事而遗憾。I regretted telling him everything. 我后悔把一切都跟他说了。I regret to say that I can't go with you. 不能和你一起走,真遗憾!3)stop/go on后接doing 表示“停止”或“继续”的是“同一件事”或某事“本身”;后接to do 表示“停下甲事开始干乙事”或“继续干上了另一件事”。After finish maths,he went on to do physics exercises.在做完数学(A事)后,他又继续做物理练习(B事)。When the teacher came in,the students stopped singing.教师进来后,学生们停止了唱歌(停止singing 动作本身)。When the teacher came in,they stopped to sing.老师进来后,他们(停下原来干的事情)开始唱歌。4)try to do=try one's best 尽力地干某事 try doing sth=have a try试着干某事5)mean to do sth意欲干某事,想干某事 mean doing意思是6) like/love/hate to do 具体某次行为 like/love/hate doing 经常,习惯三、作定、状语时,to do表示“将”;doing表示“主动”;done表示“被”。Given more time,I'll do it better.(后面主语I是被given)Giving him another chance,they waited for him to win.(they主动“给”他)He found himself followed by a stranger.(他被跟踪)He came in,following a student. (他主动跟在学生后面)This is the bridge built in 1980.(过去被修建)This is the bridge being built by the workers.(正在被)This is the bridge to be built next month.(下月将被修建) 注意:having (been) done这种形式,只宜作状语;不宜作定语。四、作宾语的补足语:后面的补语和前面的宾语之间有动宾或主谓关系。1.感官动词的宾补省去to:I hear someone sing/singing in the next room.这类动词常见的有:see,look at,glare at,stare at,glance at,watch,notice,observe; hear,listen to;feel等。2.使役动词的宾补省去to:常见这类动词有三个:make,let,have表示“使,让,叫”The boss made him get up at six in the morning.3.help的用法比较灵活,下面说法都是对的:help do,help to do,help sb do,help sb to do,help sb with sth.注意:一般动词之间再接动词时,应将后面一个改为非谓语形式;在现代英语口语中能直接跟动词原形的也就这么几个:help do,see go,hear sing.4.其它意义的动词作补语一般应加to:The manager got his secretary to have the letter typed as soon as he finished.经理一写完信,就叫密书拿去打印。再如:tell sb to do,order sb to do,ask sb to do等都是如此。提示:1)宾补用do 或to do可表示“过去完成、将来和经常”,而用doing表示主句动词的动作发生时, 补语的动作也在同时发生;2)不管不定式有没有带to,在改为被动语态后,其主语的补语(原宾补)一律用to do;原来是doing的,仍然用-ing形式。五、常见句式略要:1.疑问词+to do,one's+doingHe didn't know what to do.Do you mind my opening the windows?2.too...to句型,“太过于...以致以不能...”not too 弱化语气,“不太...”3.形容词+enough to do “足可以”,“很. ..以致以可以”4.So+形容词+as to do 相当于so...that “如此...以致”5.It is/was +形容词+(for/of sb)+to do sth“对某人来说...是...的”It is important for us to learn how to use computers.对我们来说学会使用电脑是很重要的。6.It is no use/no good+动名词 “干... 是没有用处的”It is no good talking without doing.光说不做是毫无用处的。7.当事物作主语,表示被动时,need/want/require后面可以接两种形式:The wall wants to be painted again.这堵墙需要再次粉刷了。注意:后接doing形式时要用主动式;同时出现,以to be done为优。8.介词的宾语不用过去分词。(-ing形式叫动名词)He rushed out without being noticed.(动名词短语的被动式作宾语)They are interested in playing chess. (表示主动动作)注意:but作介词时,可由不定式(to)do 作宾语。The bear could do nothing but lie down and sleep.(“除...之外”)分三种情况:but前有do的各种形式且作谓语,but后不用to;but前虽有do的各 种形式, 但并不作谓语,but后面的to可有可无;but前无do,but后to不可省。9.Be worth (while) doing的-ing形式只用主动式不用被动式。The movie is worth seeing again.这部影片值得(被)再看一次。(不用being seen)但be worthy后面接to be done或of being done均有被动式。10.Not应放在非谓语动词的前面。Having not received his answer, I wrote him again.(错误:not应放在分词having的前面。)You hadn't better go in such a hurry.(错误:not应该放在go前;有to do的,not放to前。)11.-ing表“主动”,与事有关;-ed (过去分词)表“被动”,与人有关。He is moved by the moving story.(he和moved 搭配,“故事”用moving修饰)。The tiring boy made his mother tired. 搅人的孩子使他母亲很累。(孩子“主动”使人疲劳;母亲“被”孩子搅得疲劳。)Her puzzing/puzzled face caused us to be puzzled.她疑惑的脸色使我们也很疑惑。( puzzling face 让我们疑惑的脸色(她主动);puzzled face她自己疑惑(她被)12.动名词可以有复合结构:one's doingDo you mind my smoking here?你在意我在这儿抽烟吗? 13.连词之后可用分词,其主、被动状况取决于与主句主语的关系。If heated,ice can be turned into water.主句主语ice被加热(heated)。While reading,he had a good idea.主句主语he主动reading(读书)。14.结果状语可用动词不定式或者分词。非谓语前有only修饰时,都可用逗号与主句隔开;不加only时,-ing形式多加逗号隔开。He hurried to school to find everyone had gone.He hurried to school, finding that everyone had gone.He hurried to school,only finding/only to find...他匆忙赶到学校,结果发现大家都走了。15.独立主格结构中非谓语动词的运用。独立主格的形式:两个句子无连词,有逗号,各有其主(语)时,要把其中的一个句子的谓语改为非谓语形式,相当于另一个句子的状语。It(主语1) being(非谓语) hot, (主语2省了you)let's go swimming.His eyes(主语1) glaring,he(主语2) stood very still.Her hair(主语1)cut(过去分词表被动),she(主语2)looks more pretty.The boy came in,book in hand. 这男孩手里拿着书进来了。(第一主语“孩子”,第二逻辑主语“书”;前面是完整的主句,后面是独立主格结构,把谓语动词was去掉;第二逻辑句相当于with a book in his hand 作状语修饰前面主句。)15.非谓语动词在不同的句子结构中,可能表达不同的意义。have sb do让人去做某事 have sth done 请人去做某事(某事被做) have sb/sth doing听任/放任某人/ 事不管(继续他的动作或状态)used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do/for sth被用来做某事be used to doing/get used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事六、几个应注意的问题:1.不及物动词不能有先行词;如果先行词后面是不及物动词,或者先行词不是该动词的宾语,则应添加适当的介词。I had no person to read to.我没有听众。(read虽可作及物动词,但“读”的内容(宾语)应该是“文章”而不是“人”)类似的再如:paper to write on, pen to write with,room to live in等等。2.及物动词应带宾语。及物动词无宾语或带双宾语的动词只带了一个宾语,都应将这个动词改为被动式或过去分词。Hunted everywhere,the wolves had no place to be hidden.到处都在追杀,狼无处可藏。(hunt,hide 在这都作及物动词理解,都无宾语)I found many villagers __at the back of the classroom.A.seated B.seating C.sitting D.to sit down我发现许多村民坐在教室的后面。seat作及物动词用,是正规用法;这里后面无宾语,故用过去分词。如果用主动式的ing形式, 需在后面加上宾语,如seating themselves3.ing 形式(动名词和现在分词)的专用功能及交叉功能。1)专用功能: 作主语和宾语成分的-ing叫动名词(不叫分词);作状语成分的-ing形式叫现在分词(不叫动名词)。2)交叉功能:动名词和现在分词都能作定语和表语。区别是:动名词表示“目的、用途”;分词表示“动作”。a sleeping boy(孩子正在睡觉:动作)a sleeping car(用来睡觉的车:用途)a burning stick(分词),a swimming pool(动名词)She is washing(动作:分词;主语是人=进行时)Her job is washing(判断:动名词;主语是事)4.选用过去分词或现在分词,依据其与逻辑主语之间的关系是主动还是被动而定。不管其成分是状语、表语、定语,还是补语。5.ing形式和to do的基本区别是:ing表示“经常”;to do表示“将”或具体时间或方式下的某次动作;如:I like reading;I like reading this afternoon.ing表示“主动”;-ed表示“被动”。总之,非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重点项目,也是大总分学生学习的一个难点。总体上的区分要把握八个字:看你要表达的是“主动被动过去将来”。
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动名词加-ing形式如下总结你可以参考一下: 1)stop to do 表示“停下来(正在做的事情)开始做别的事情”,stop为不及物动词,不定式to do在句中作状语,表示停下来的目的。 stop doing表示“停止干某事(即正在做的事)”,stop为及物动词,doing作stop的宾语,表示所停止的事情。试比较: ①Every half an hour my uncle would stop to have a smoke. 每半小时我叔叔就会停下来抽支烟。(不能说…stop having…) ②Why are you still playing games here?Stop to work!你们为什么还在这儿玩?停下来去干活!(不能说 Stop working!) ③As soon as Bob saw me, he stopped talking to his girl friend and came over. 鲍勃一看到我就停止和他女友说话,走了过来。(不能说…stopped to talk…) ④It's really high time for you to stop smoking. 你确实该戒烟了。(不能说…stop to smoke. ) 2)remember to do表示“记住要做某事”,不定式作宾语,指要做的事情。remember doing表示“记得做过某事”,doing作宾语,指以前做过的事情。 试比较: ①Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 记住离开房间时要关灯。(灯还没关,是个未来的动作,不能说Remember turning off…) ② I must remember to tell him about her. 我得记住把她的情况告诉他。 (还没告诉,未来动作,不能说…remember telling…) ③ I remember turning off the lights when I left the room. 我记得我离开房间时把灯熄了。(灯已熄,指过去的动作,不能说 I remember to turn off…) ④I remember telling him about her that day. 我记得那天告诉过他她的情况。(已告诉,指过去动作,不能说I remember to tell…) 3)forget to do表示“忘记做某事”,不定式作宾语,指要做的事情。 forget doing表示“忘了做过某事”,动词-ing形式作宾语,指过去所做过的事情。 试比较: ①I'm sorry I forgot to post your letter. 对不起,我忘了给你寄信了。(信没发,post动作没发生,不能说…forgot posting…) 4)try to do,意思是作一番努力,试图做某件困难的事。try doing表示试试做某件事情,看看会发生什么情况。试比较: ①I once tried to learn Japanese. 我曾试着学会日语。(表示一种企图,但没学会。) ②It is unwise for people to try repairing their own electrical appliances. 5)like to do与like doing的区别不大,前者表一次性动作,而后者表经常性、习惯性动作。 只接动名词(v-ing)作宾语的动词及固定结构:advise, appreciate, enjoy, delay, escape, finish, keep, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest, excuse, miss, avoid, complete, permit, prove等。Put off, spend some time in, keep(on), feel like, be busy, give off, be worth, be used to, can’t help, waste time(in), have difficulty in, what/how about, have a good time in, look forward to, devote to, pay attention to, stick to, insist on. 只接不定式(to do)的动词,如:afford,agree,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,be determined,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,resolve(决心),threaten,wish,arrange,undertake(答应),volunteer (志愿),learn,etc.
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