Bubble0104
==完全手工版==A state safety environment is currently characterized by overcoming the threat of a global military confrontation of bipolar groups. 当前，一国安全环境的特征，是克服两极化集团之间的全球军事对峙所带来的威胁。Furthermore, the possibility of a threat, crisis or low intensity conflict that could lead to a joint combination of more dangerous threats is of growing concern. 不仅如此，滋生威胁、危机或低强度冲突的可能性，以及由此导致的更危险的复合型的威胁，正在令人担扰地增长着。The safety environment is further characterized by a large number of different threats coming from different directions and geographical locations. 安全环境可进一步描述为受到来自不同方向和地理位置的大量不同威胁的影响。Outside acting threats can be combined with threats inside the state. 国外的威胁可能会与国内的威胁相结合。An open economy provides the SR with the opportunity for wider political and economical cooperation within the European area. 开放的经济体系为斯洛伐克共和国提供了在欧洲地区内与别国进行更广泛的政治、经济合作的机会。The SR gradually strengthens democratic groups, improves the functioning mechanisms of the legal state, creates conditions to form a civil society, and adopts systematic measures for the completion of a fundamental reform and transformation of its social, economical and environmental sectors. 斯洛伐克共和国在逐步巩固其民主团体，改善其法治国家的司法运行机制，创造构建文明社会的条件，并采取有计划有步骤的措施以完成对社会、经济和环境的根本改革和转变。It is a substantial part of an international community and an active subject of international relations. 这是国际社会的一个非常重要的组成部分，同时也是国际关系中一个生动的主题。Being attached to the basic principles and values embodied in the Washington agreement and being prepared to contribute to the stability and security in crisis and conflict situations, the SR fulfilled its efforts by joining NATO. 作为对华盛顿协议基本原则和价值的认同和遵守，并时刻准备在危机时对稳定和安全作出贡献，斯洛伐克共和国加入了北约。The safety environment in Middle Europe is stabilized but it seems to be still more and more affected by outside factors that are out of individual states ‘control and that are not respectful of international liabilities and responsibilities. 中欧的安全环境目前虽然稳定了，但似乎仍然是越来越多地受到外部因素的影响；这些因素单一国家无法控制，而且从不尊重所谓的国际责任和义务。Resulting from a whole world trend of economic, financial, cultural and information globalization, these factors lead to a rise of non-military safety threats having an asymmetrical character quite often. 在世界经济、金融、文化和信息全球化大趋势下，这些因素增加了非军事层面的安全威胁并常常显出某种不对称性。Dependency on the preservation of a needed safety standard of the state and on effective common activities of an international community against sources of threats is increasing not only when solving accute but also chronic crises within an international framework.只有继续维护国家必须的安全标准，并不断依靠国际社会的有效行动来共同对抗各种威胁的根源，才能在国际框架下，不断化解各种突发性或者长期性的危机。 补充：楼上说我抄袭，很可笑，翻译之间本就有类似之处，LZ自己看吧。
徐珊珊11
目前是一个国家安全环境的特点克服了威胁全球军事对峙的精神障碍的团体。此外,可能性的一种威胁,危机或低强度的冲突,这样可能导致一个联合更危险的威胁是结合的日益严重的问题。安全环境的进一步的数量特征不同的一大威胁来自不同方向和地理区域。外演戏可结合丝氨酸的威胁更广泛的政治和经济在欧洲地区合作。strenghtens的SR逐渐民主影响机理,提高了群体的法律状态,造成的公民社会条件,形成了一个系统的措施,并采用采用系统的措施一份完整的基本改革和转型的社会,经济和环境领域。它的相当一部分俺国际社会与国际关系的一个活跃的主体。被informationglobalization,这些因素导致的安全威胁的崛起、非军事拥有一种不对称的角色经常是这样的。保存的依赖一个需要安全标准的州和有效的常见的活动正常运作
几丁不二
United States Department of JusticeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchDepartment of JusticeDepartment of JusticeAgency overviewFormed June 22, 1870July 1, 1870Jurisdiction Federal government of the United StatesHeadquarters Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice BuildingWashington, D.C.Employees 112,500+ (2005)Annual Budget $43.5 billion (2007)Agency Executives Michael Mukasey, Attorney General Mark Filip, Deputy Attorney GeneralWebsitewww.usdoj.govRobert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, Washington, D.C. For animal rights group, see Justice Department (JD)The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans (see 28 U.S.C. § 501). The DOJ is administered by the United States Attorney General (see 28 U.S.C. § 503), one of the original members of the cabinet.Contents[hide] * 1 Duties * 2 History * 3 Headquarters * 4 Organization o 4.1 Leadership offices o 4.2 Divisions o 4.3 Law enforcement agencies o 4.4 Offices o 4.5 Other offices and programs * 5 Controversy and Criticism * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 External links[edit] Duties 1. Responsible for investigating and prosecuting violations of federal laws. 2. Represents the United States in all legal matters, including cases before the Supreme Court. 3. Enforces all immigration laws, provides information, and processes applications for citizenship 4. Maintains the federal prison system, halfway houses, and community programs[edit] HistoryThe Attorney General was initially a one-person, part-time job, established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, but this grew with the bureaucracy. At one time the Attorney General gave legal advice to the U.S. Congress as well as the President, but this had stopped by 1819 on account of the workload involved.In 1867, the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, led by Congressman William Lawrence, conducted an inquiry into the creation of a "law department" headed by the Attorney General and composed of the various department solicitors and United States Attorneys. On February 19, 1868, Lawrence introduced a bill in Congress to create the Department of Justice. This first bill was unsuccessful, however, as Lawrence could not devote enough time to ensure its passage owing to his occupation with the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.A second bill was introduced to Congress by Rhode Island Representative Thomas Jenckes on February 25, 1870, and both the Senate and House passed the bill. President Ulysses S. Grant then signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870. The Department of Justice officially began operations on July 1, 1870.The bill, called the "Act to Establish the Department of Justice", did little to change the Attorney General's responsibilities, and his salary and tenure remained the same. The law did create a new office, that of Solicitor General, to supervise and conduct government litigation in the Supreme Court of the United States.With the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act in 1870, the Federal government in the U.S. began to take on some law enforcement responsibilities, with the Department of Justice tasked to carry out these duties.[1]In 1872, control of federal prisons was transferred to the new department, from the Department of Interior. New facilities were built, including the penitentiary at Leavenworth in 1895, and a facility for women located in West Virginia, at Alderson was established in 1924.[2][edit] HeadquartersThe U.S. Department of Justice building was completed in 1935 from a design by Milton Bennett Medary. Upon Medary's death in 1929, the other partners of his Philadelphia firm Zantzinger, Borie and Medary took over the project. On a lot bordered by Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues and Ninth and Tenth Streets, Northwest, it holds over one million square feet of space. The sculptor C. Paul Jennewein served as overall design consultant for the entire building, contributing more than 50 separate sculptural elements inside and outside.Various efforts, none entirely successful, have been made to determine the meaning of the Latin motto appearing on the Department of Justice seal, Qui Pro Domina Justitia Sequitur. It is not even known exactly when the original version of the DOJ seal itself was adopted, or when the motto first appeared on the seal. The most authoritative opinion of the DOJ suggests that the motto refers to the Attorney General (and thus to the Department of Justice) "who prosecutes on behalf of justice (or the Lady Justice)".The building was renamed in honor of former Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy in 2001. It is sometimes referred to as "Main Justice."[3][edit] Organization[edit] Leadership offices * Office of the Attorney General * Office of the Deputy Attorney General * Office of the Associate Attorney General * Office of the Solicitor General[edit] Divisions * Antitrust Division * Civil Division * Civil Rights Division * Criminal Division * Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD) * Justice Management Division (JMD) * National Security Division (NSD) * Tax Division[edit] Law enforcement agenciesSeveral federal law enforcement agencies are administered by the Department of Justice: * Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) * Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) * Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) * Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) o National Institute of Corrections * United States Marshals Service (USMS) * Office of the Inspector General (OIG)[edit] Offices * Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) * Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys (EOUSA) * Executive Office of the United States Trustee (EOUST) * Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management * Office of the Chief Information Officer * Office of Dispute Resolution * Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT) * Office of Information and Privacy * Office of Intelligence Policy and Review (OIPR) * Office of Intergovernmental and Public Liaison * Office of Justice Programs (OJP) o Bureau of Justice Assistance o Bureau of Justice Statistics o Community Capacity Development Office o National Institute of Justice o Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention o Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking Office (SMART) o Office for Victims of Crime * Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education * Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) * Office of Legal Policy (OLP) * Office of Legislative Affairs * Office of the Ombudsperson * Office of the Pardon Attorney * Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) * Office of Public Affairs * Office on Sexual Violence and Crimes against Children * Office of Tribal Justice * Office on Violence Against Women * Professional Responsibility Advisory Office (PRAO) * United States Attorneys Offices * United States Trustees Offices * Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) * Community Relations Service[edit] Other offices and programs * Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States * INTERPOL, U.S. National Central Bureau * National Drug Intelligence Center * United States Parole Commission * Obscenity Prosecution Task ForceIn March 2003, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service was abolished and its functions transferred to the United States Department of Homeland Security. The Executive Office for Immigration Review and the Board of Immigration Appeals which review decisions made by government officials under Immigration and Nationality law remain under jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Similarly the Office of Domestic Preparedness left the Justice Department for the Department of Homeland Security, but only for executive purposes. The Office of Domestic Preparedness is still centralized within the Department of Justice, since its personnel are still officially employed within the Department of Justice.Also in 2003, the Department of Justice created the website LifeAndLiberty.gov which supported the PATRIOT ACT.[4] LifeAndLiberty.gov currently promotes reenacting the PROTECT AMERICA ACT before it expires. This web site has received criticism from government watchdog groups.[5][edit] Controversy and CriticismSeveral current and former assistant U.S. attorneys are known to have engaged in a wide variety of criminal conduct including association with prostitution rings[6], sexual battery[7] , sexual abuse of children[8], failures to make mandatory conflict of interest disclosures[9]. A separate Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) within the DOJ is responsible for investigating attorney employees of the DOJ who have been accused of misconduct or criminal activity with respect to their professional functions as DOJ attorneys.Former U.S. Attorney General John D. Ashcroft acknowledged challenges facing the Department of Justice: "In the real world of limited resources, we know that we can only detect, investigate and prosecute a small percentage of those officials who are corrupt."[10] "I remain convinced that there is no more important area in the fight against corruption than the challenge for us within the law enforcement and justice sectors to keep our own houses clean."[11]美国司法部维基百科，自由的百科全书跳转到: 导航, 搜索美国司法部Department of Justice美国司法部机构概要成立于 1870年6月22日1870年7月1日隶属于 美国联邦政府总部 华盛顿特区雇员 112,500+（2005年）年度预算 435亿美元（2007年）首长 迈克尔·穆凯西，总检察长马克·夫利普，副检察长网站美国司法部是美国政府的一个部，其部长享有阁员地位。美国司法部的任务是保障法律的施行，维护美国政府的法律利益和保障法律对美国所有公民都是平等的。其部门长官不称部长，而为美国总检察长（U.S. Attorney General）。现任总检察长为迈克尔·穆凯西（Michael B. Mukasey），任命案于2007年11月8日获得美国参议院同意，隔日宣誓就职[编辑] 历史1789年美国设立了总检察长这个职务，一开始的时候这是一个非全日性的职务，其任务是为美国国会和总统提供法律咨询。但随着美国官僚机构的扩大，这个职务的工作量也不断增大，1819年时他已无法继续充当国会和政府的法律顾问了。1870年6月22日，美国国会决定建立一个司法部。这个部门于1870年7月1日正式开始工作。这个部门的建立对总检察官的任务、薪金和地位都没有改变，在联邦总检察长下，另外设置联邦总律师（Solicitor General），其任务是在法律纠纷中在美国最高法院代表美国政府，不过，在比较重要的法律案当中，仍旧由联邦总检察长出席审判。[编辑] 部门 * 反垄断局 * Asset Forfeiture Program * 司法统计局 （BJS） * 烟酒枪械炸药局 （ATF） * 民事局 * 民权局 * Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) * Community Relations Service * 刑事局 * 麻醉品管制局 (DEA) o Diversion Control Program * 环境和自然资源局 * 移民审查执行办公室 * 美国律师执行办公室 * 美国受托管理人执行办公室 * 联邦调查局 (FBI) * 联邦监狱管理局 o 国家刑罚协会 * 美国国外赔偿清算委员会 * 国际刑警组织 -- 美国国家中央局 * 司法管理局 * 国家毒品情报中心 * 总检察官助理办公室 * 总检察官办公室 * Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management * 副总检察官办公室 * 调解纠纷办公室 * Office of Information and Privacy * 总监察长办公室 * Office of Intelligence Policy and Review * 政府间事务办公室 * 法务计划局 o American Indian and Alaska Native Affairs Desk o Bureau of Justice Assistance o Community Dispute Resolution o Corrections Program Office o Drug Courts Program Office o Executive Office for Weed and Seed o 国家刑事司法文献处 (National Criminal Justice Reference Service) o 国家司法研究所 o Office for Domestic Preparedness o 青少年司法和防止未成年人犯罪办公室 o 犯罪被害人办公室 o 妇女受害办公室 * Office of Legal Counsel * Office of Legal Policy * 法制办公厅 * 监察员办公室 * Office of the Pardon Attorney * Office of Professional Responsibility * 公共事务办公室 * 首席检查官办公室 * Office of Tribal Justice * 税务局 * 美国联邦政府律师 U.S. Attorneys * 美国法警 United States Marshals Service * 美国囚犯假释委员会 U.S. Parole Commission * U.S. Trustee Program
ABCDG，43668
Jurors Get Firsthand Look at Justice System陪审员眼中的美国司法体系If you're an American citizen, one of your fundamental civic duties is to serve, when called, as a juror in a civil or criminal trial. I was oddly pleased to get a notice in my mailbox summoning me for jury duty. I actually looked forward to sitting with 11 other New Yorkers, all chosen as randomly as I was, to hear evidence about a crime and to play an active role in the justice system.I arrived early at the New York State Court building with my photo ID and a day's worth of reading material, and took a seat on a wooden bench in a vast, dimly-lit hall with perhaps 200 other potential jurors.Assembling an impartial jury is an essential element of the criminal trial process. Before we were selected to hear a case, the prosecutor, the defense attorney and the judge all questioned each of us in the courtroom, to see if we harbored prejudices that might keep us from fairly judging the defendant. They asked us such questions as "Have your ever been a victim of a crime?" "Are you more or less likely to believe a police officer than any other citizen who testifies?" "Could we assume innocence until guilt was proved beyond a reasonable doubt?After a full day of this, I was selected for a burglary case. With 11 fellow jurors (and two alternates) I raised my right hand and swore an oath to be fair. We were a diverse group of people, including black, white, Latino, professional, working-class, native born and new Americans, and we ranged in age from about 25 to nearly 70 years old. After we'd taken our seats in the section of the courtroom known as the jury box, the judge instructed us not to talk about the case -- even among ourselves -- until all the evidence had been given, and not to discuss the trial with anyone outside, either. We each had to make up our own mind.The defendant, a 35-year-old man with a long ponytail, sitting before us in a suit and tie, had been charged with the burglary of a drugstore.We listened to evidence in his case for two days. The defendant himself didn't testify -- it was up to the State prosecutor to provide the proof.Witnesses were examined by the prosecution, then cross-examined by the defense. We were shown the store's security videotapes and the written warning the store says it gave the defendant -- after an earlier shoplifting incident -- that he was barred from shopping at any of the company's chain of drug stores. That letter meant the man's second attempted theft involved a more serious criminal trespass.As the trial drew to a close, the prosecutor and the defense attorney gave us their closing arguments. Then the judge explained the law to us and how it applied to this case, and sent us to the jury room to deliberate. In order to find the defendant guilty or not guilty, we would all have to agree on a verdict.My fellow jurors and I had become friendly during the first couple of days of the trial, but as we deliberated we sometimes differed sharply over details of the case. We asked that portions of the testimony -- which had been carefully transcribed by a court reporter -- be read back to us. After four hours of intense argument and discussion, we all agreed to find the defendant guilty of burglary.I was impressed by how seriously the jurors took their jobs. Even though we were all anxious to finish with the trial and get back to our lives, we all seemed to have the same sense of duty to be certain - beyond a reasonable doubt - that our verdict was justified by the evidence in the case.I was not alone in sensing the enormity of the responsibility we had been given. I made certain to look directly at the face of the defendant when the verdict was read. I wanted to see with my own eyes whatever emotion he was feeling, and to accept responsibility for the choice I had made and what it would mean for his life. Then, just one week after it started, the trial was over, the jury was thanked, then dismissed, and we were out on the Manhattan streets saying goodbye and hailing cabs.This is Adam Phillips in New York.注释：oddly [5Rdli] adv. 奇怪地summon [5sQmEn] vt. 〈法〉传唤，传唤到庭randomly [5rAndEmli] adv. 随便地impartial [im5pB:FEl] adj. 公平的，无私的prosecutor [5prRsikju:tE(r)] n. 原告；起诉人defendant [di5fendEnt] n. 被告innocence [5inEsEns] n. 无罪burglary [5bE:^lEri] v. 入室行窃fellow [5felEu] adj. 同道的alternate [C:l5tE:nit] adj. 轮流的，预备的ponytail [5pEuniteil] n. 马尾辫（一种发型）drugstore [drQ^5stC:] n. <美> 药房，杂货店shoplifting [5FCp7liftiN] n. 入店行窃trespass [5trespEs] n. 过失，罪过deliberate [di5libEreit] v. 商讨verdict [5vE:dikt] n.（陪审团的）判决testimony [5testimEni] n. 证词（尤指在法庭所作的）transcribe [trAns5kraib] v. 转录
