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Obedience is the first duty of a soldier军人以服从命令为天职。 Observation is the best teacher.观察是最好的老师。 Offense is the best defense.进攻是最好的防御。 Old friends and old wines are best.陈酒味醇,老友情深。 Old sin makes new shame.一失足成千古恨。 Once a man and twice a child.一次老,两次小。 Once a thief, always a thief.偷盗一次,做贼一世。 Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝。 One cannot put back the clock.时钟不能倒转。 One eyewitness is better than ten hearsays.百闻不如一见。 One false move may lose the game.一着不慎,满盘皆输。 One good turn deserves another.行善积德。 One hour today is worth two tomorrow.争分夺秒效率高。 One man‘s fault is other man‘s lesson.前车之鉴。 One never loses anything by politeness.讲礼貌不吃亏。 One swallow does not make a summ一燕不成夏。 One‘s words reflect one‘s thinking.言为心声。 Out of debt, out of danger.无债一身轻。 Out of office, out of danger.无官一身轻。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心为静。 Patience is the best remedy.忍耐是良药。 Penny wise, pound foolish.贪小便宜吃大亏。 Plain dealing is praised more than practiced.正大光明者,说到的多,做到的少。 Please the eye and plague the heart. 贪图一时快活,必然留下隐祸。 Pleasure comes through toil.苦尽甘来。 Pour water into a sieve.竹篮子打水一场空。 Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 Praise is not pudding.恭维话不能当饭吃。 Praise makes good men better, and bad men worse.好人越夸越好,坏人越夸越糟。 Prefer loss to unjust gain.宁可吃亏,不贪便宜。 Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗。 Pride goes before, and shame comes after.骄傲使人落后。 Promise is debt.一诺千金。 Proverbs are the daughters of daily experience.谚语是日常经验的结晶。 Pull the chestnut out of fire.火中取栗。 Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置。 Put your shoulder to the wheel.鼎力相助。 Reading enriches the mind.开卷有益。 Reading is to the mind while exercise to the body.读书健脑,运动强身。 Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.要人尊敬,必须自重。 Rome is not built in a day冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。 Saying is one thing and doing another.言行不一。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 Seek the truth from facts.实事求是。 Send a wise man on an errand, and say nothing to him.智者当差,不用交代。 Set a thief to catch a thief.以贼捉贼。 Short accounts make long friends.好朋友勤算账。 Something is better than nothing.聊胜于无。 Soon learn, soon forgotten.学得快,忘得快。 Soon ripe, soon rotten.熟得快,烂得快。 Speech is silver, silence is gold.能言是银,沉默是金。 Still water run deep.静水常深。 Strike the iron while it is hot.趁热打铁。 Success belongs to the persevering.坚持就是胜利。 Take things as they come.既来之,则安之。 Talking mends no holes. 空谈无补。 Talk of the devil and he will appear.说曹操,曹操就到。 Tall trees catch much wind.树大招风。 Teach others by your example.躬亲示范。 The best hearts are always the bravest.无私者无畏。 The best man stumbles.伟人也有犯错时。 The cat shuts its eyes when stealing.掩耳盗铃。 The danger past and God forgotten.过河拆桥。 The darkest hour is nearest the dawn.黎明前的黑暗。 The darkest place is under the candlestick.烛台底下最暗。 The devil knows many things because he is old.老马识途。 The devil sometimes speaks the truth魔鬼有时也会说真话。 The die is cast.木已成舟。 The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 The end justifies the means.只要目的正当,可以不择手段。 The end makes all equal.死亡面前,人人平等。 The eye is bigger than the belly.贪多嚼不烂。 The farthest way about is the nearest way home.抄近路反而绕远路。 The finest diamond must be cut.玉不琢,不成器。 The fire is the test of gold, adversity of strong man.烈火验真金,艰难磨意志。 The first step is the only difficulty.迈出第一步是最艰难的。 The fox knew too much, that‘s how he lost his tail.机关算尽太聪明,反误了卿卿 性命。 The fox preys farthest from home.兔子不吃窝边草。 The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean.坐井观天。 The grass is greener on the other side.这山望着那山高。 The greatest talkers are always least doers.语言的巨人总是行动的矮子。 The higher up, the greater the fall.爬得高,摔得惨。 The leopard cannot change its spots.本性难移。 The more noble, the more humble.人越高尚,越谦虚。 The more wit, the less courage. 初生牛犊不怕虎。 The outsider sees the most of the game.旁观者清。 The pen is mightier than the sword.笔能杀人。 The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑百步。 There are spots in the sun.太阳也有黑点。 There are two sides to every question.问题皆有两面。 There is a skeleton in the cupboard.家家有本难念的经。 There is kindness to be found everywhere.人间处处有温情。 There is no general rule without some exception.任何法规均有例外。 There is no medicine against death.没有长生不老药。 There is no place like home.金窝银窝不如咱的狗窝。 There is no royal road to learning.书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。 The style is the man.字如其人。 The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts.人言可畏。 The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.水能载舟,亦能覆舟。 The wise man knows he knows nothing, the fool thinks he knows all.清者自清,浊者自浊。 The wolf has a winning game when the shepherds quarrel. 螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后The world is a ladder for some to go up and others to go down.世界如阶梯,有人上有人下。 The world is but a little place, after all.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 Think twice before you do.三思而后行。 Things at the worst will mend.否极泰来。 Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。 Time cures all things.时间是医治一切创伤的良药。 Time flies.光阴似箭。 Time is money.时间就是金钱。 Time lost cannot be won again.时光流逝,不可复得。 Time past cannot be called back again.时间不能倒流。 Time tries all.路遥知马力,日久见人心。 Tit for tat is fair play.人不犯我,我不犯人;人若犯我,我必犯人。 To err is human.人非圣贤,孰能无过。To know everything is to know nothing.什么都知道,一如什么都不知道。 To know oneself is true progress.人贵有自知之明。 Tomorrow never comes.我生待明日,万事成蹉跎。 Too much familiarity breeds contempt.过分熟悉会使人互不服气。 Too much knowledge makes the head bald.学问太多催人老。 Too much liberty spills all.自由放任,一事无成。 Too much praise is a burden.过多夸奖,反成负担。 To save time is to lengthen life.节约时间就是延长生命。 Touch pitch, and you will be defiled.常在河边走,哪有不湿鞋。 Troubles never come singly.福无双至,祸不单行。 Truth never grows old.真理永存。 Turn over a new leaf.洗心革面,改过自新。 Two dogs strive for a bone, and a third runs away with it. 鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利。Two heads are better than one.一个好汉三个帮。 Two of a trade seldom agree.同行是冤家。 Two wrongs do not make a right.别人错了,不等于你对了。 Unity is strength.团结就是力量。 Unpleasant advice is a good medicine.忠言逆耳利于行。 Until all is over one‘s ambition never dies.不到黄河心不死。 Venture a small fish to catch a great one.吃小亏占大便宜。 Virtue is fairer far than beauty.美德远远胜过美貌。 Walls have ears.小心隔墙有耳。 Wash your dirty linen at home.家丑不可外扬。 Water dropping day by day wears the hardest rock away.滴水穿石。 Wealth is nothing without health.失去健康,钱再多也没用。 We know not what is good until we have lost it.好东西,失去了才明白。 Well begun is half done.好的开始,是成功的一半。 We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.井干方知水可贵。 We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault.欲求完美无缺的朋友必然成为孤家寡人。 We should never remember the benefits we have offered nor forget the favor received. 自己的好事别去提,别人的恩惠要铭记。 Whatever you do, do with all your might.不管做什么,都要一心一意 What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.儿时所学,终生难忘。What‘s done cannot be undone.生米煮成熟饭了。 What‘s lost is lost.失者不可复得。What we do willingly is easy.愿者不难。When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入国问禁,入乡随俗。When everybody‘s somebody then nobody‘s anybody.人人都伟大,世间没豪杰。When sorrow is asleep, wake it not.伤心旧事别重提。When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions. 新仇旧恨,齐上心头。 When the fox preaches, take care of your geese.黄鼠狼给鸡拜年,没安好心。 When wine is in truth, wit is out.酒后吐真言。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 Where there is smoke, there is fire.事出有因。 While the priest climbs a post, the devil climbs ten.道高一尺,魔高一丈。 Who chatters to you, will chatter of you.搬弄口舌者必是小人。 Whom the gods love die young.好人不长命。 Wise man have their mouths in their hearts, fools have their hearts in their mouths.智者嘴在心里,愚者心在嘴里。 Work makes the workman.勤工出巧匠。 Wet behind the ears.乳臭未干。You cannot burn the candle at both ends.蜡烛不能两头点,精力不可过分耗。 You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼与熊掌,不可得兼。 You can take a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink. 强扭的瓜不甜。 You may know by a handful the whole sack.由一斑可知全貌。 You never know what you can till you try.是驴子是马,拉出来遛遛 500句,够么?

同工同酬英语

289 评论(9)

爱思晴儿

1、短语:如果是书本上或者老师点出来的短语、固定搭配都要背,而且知道怎么用;2、英标:初一的时候讲音标的时候,每个元音对应的字母组合、每个辅音对应的辅音字母要背;3、介词:基本介词都要记住,基本用法记忆下来,如果是特殊用法已经比较用法都要认真学习区分;4、弄清楚各种词性,以及它们的基本位置;5、从句认真学习;6、时态认真理解,时态的区分要弄清楚;7、每天学习的单词必须背诵下来;8、如有时间,每天读课文、对话等至少20分钟。

295 评论(13)

louisbellen

这里有500条 常用的英语谚语 算是很全了吧。。这是链接:希望对你有用。。:)

162 评论(14)

小轩3636

He sits no sure that sits too high.高处不胜寒。 He that respects not is not respected.欲受人敬,要先敬人。So said, so done.说到做到。言出必行。Haste makes waste.忙乱易错。欲速则不达。Better be envied than pitied.宁被人妒,不受人怜。Although the sun shine, leave not your cloak at home.未雨绸缪。So the world wags.这就是人生。One can not be in two places at once.一心不可二用。No weal without woe.福兮祸所伏, 祸兮福所倚。Little chips light great fires.星星之火,可以燎原。Like knows like.惺惺相惜。It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.狡兔三窟。Dreams are lies.梦不足信。Do not teach fish to swim.不要班门弄斧。A light heart live long.心情开朗寿命长。不恼不愁,活到白头。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.日吃苹果一只,身体健康不求医。Poverty is stranger to industry.勤劳之人不受穷。Deliberate in counsel, prompt in action. 考虑要仔细,行动要迅速.One sin opens the door for another. ---German 犯了一次罪恶就会犯另一次罪。One man's meat is another man's poison.萝卜青菜,各有所爱。We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. 井干方知水珍贵Less is more. 简单就是美 A blessing in disguise. 因祸得福Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日 Sharpening your axe will not delay your job of cutting wood. 磨刀不误砍柴功。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实 Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半Time flies never to be recalled.光阴一去不复返 When in Rome, do as Roman do.入乡随俗He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑得最美Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道还治其人之身Look before you leap.三思而后行Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠顶一个诸葛亮。A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始善终A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友。First come, first served. 先来先招待。Where there is s will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。No pains,no gains.不劳则无获Time and tide wait for no man.时不待人Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁It's never too late to mend.亡羊补牢There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕East or west,home is best. 走东串西,还是家里好Equal pay for equal work.同工同酬Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败 Reading makes a full man. 读书使人完善 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成攻之母Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧All roads lead to Roma. 条条大道通罗马Don′t judge a person by the clothes he wears. 不能以貌取人Don′t count your chickens before they are hatched. 切莫过于乐观Learn to walk before you run. 循序渐进It′s easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮As you make your bed,so you must lie in it. 自食其果All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西并非都是金子Many hands make light work. 人多力量大Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事只要肯登攀Time is money. 时间就是金钱。Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。Many hands make light work. 人多力量大。Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要,全都失掉。Better master one than engage with ten.会十事不如精一事。Silly child is soon taught. 要想孩子好,教育要趁早。More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。Easier said than done. 说起来容易,做起来难。The first step is the hardest. 万事开头难。Who knows most says least. 懂的最多的人,说的最少。Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事今日毕。Diligence is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。It's never too late to learn. 活到老,学到老。Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳 Wash your dirty linen at home. 家丑不可外扬 Waste not, want not. 俭则不匮 Weak things united become strong. 一根筷子易折断,十根筷子硬如铁 Wealth is best known by 人穷方知钱可贵 We can't judge a person by what he says but by what he does. 判断一个人,不听言语看行动 We only live once, but if we work it right, once is enough. 年华没虚度,一生也足矣。 What is done by night appears by day. 若要人不知,除非已莫为When a man is going down-hill, everyone will give him a push. 墙倒众人推When children stand quiet, they have done some harm. 孩子不吭声,一定闯了祸 When one will not, two cannot quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响 When poverty comes in at the door, love flies out at the window. 贫穷进门来,爱情越窗飞 When the cat is away, the mice will play.猫儿不在,鼠儿成精 When wine sinks, words swim. 美酒一下肚,话匣关不住 Where there's life there's hope. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 Will is power. 意志就是力量 Wise men are silent; fools talk. 智者沉默寡言,愚者滔滔不绝 Wise men change their minds; fools never do. 智者通权达变,愚者刚愎自用 Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it. 智者热爱真理,愚者回避真理 Words are but wind, but seeing is believing. 耳听为虚,眼见为实

313 评论(14)

凯凯妞妞

英语语法介绍:词类和句子成分

导语:在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。下面我讲解英语语法中的词类和句子成分,欢迎参考!

能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。

英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。

现分别叙述如下:

(一)名词

名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如:

foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂 Newton牛顿

law 法律 freedom自由 peace 和平

英语名词可分为两大类:

1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:

teacher 教师 market市场 rice 大米

magazine杂志 sound 声音 production生产

2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须

大写。例如:

Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯

New York 纽约 United Nations联合国

名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如:

shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆

toy→toys 玩具 leaf→leaves树叶

英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如:

man→men男人 tooth→teeth牙齿 datum→data数据

有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则,请参阅有关的英语语法书。

(二)冠词

冠词(article)放在名词之前,帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。

不定冠词为a/an,用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前,an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如:

a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会

a double room一个双人间 a useful book 一本有用的书

an exhibition一次展览 an honest man一个诚实的人

冠词只有一个,既the,表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。例如:

the TV programs 那些电视节目 the house那座房子

the Olympic Games奥运会

(三)代词

代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括:

1、人称代词,如:I, you, they, it等;

2、物主代词,如:my, his, their, our, mine, hers等;

3、反身代词,如:myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等;

4、相互代词,如:each other, one another等;

5、指示代词,如:this, that, these, those, such, same等;

6、疑问代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, what等;

7、关系代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, that等;

8、不定代词,如:some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等;

(四)数词

数词(numeral)是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。前者称为基数词,例如:one(一),twenty

(二十),thirty-five(三十五),one hundred and ninety-five(一百九十五)等;后者称为序数词,例如:first(第一),twentieth(第二十),fifty-first(第五十一等。

(五)形容词

形容词(adjective)是用来修饰名词,表示名词属性的词。例如:yellow(黄色的),wonderful(惊人的),strong(强大的)。形容词一般放在它所修饰的名词之前,例如:busy streets(繁华的街道),public relations(公共关系),young men(年轻人)等。

形容词的比较等级可分为三种,既原级、比较级和最高级。原级,既未变化的形容词原形,例如:great, big, difficult等;比较级,既形容词+后缀-er或more+形容词,例如:greater, bigger, more difficult等;最高级,既形容词+后缀-est或most+形容词,例如:greatest, biggest, most difficult等。

(六)副词

副词可分为四种,包括:

1、普通副词,例如:together(一起),well(好),carefully(仔细地)等;

2、疑问副词,例如:when(何时),where(何地),how(如何),why(为什么)等;

3、连接副词,例如:therefor(因此),then(然后),however(然而),otherwise(否则)等;

4、关系副词,例如:where, when, why等。

副词的比较等级的构成和形容词一样。

(七)动词

动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词,例如:sign(签字),support(支持),have(有),exist(存在)等。

动词根据起意义和作用可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。

实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语,例如:explain(解释),stay(停留),have(有)等。系动词作谓语时,后面需接表语。常见英语系动词有:be(是),seem(似乎),look(看起来),become(变成),appear(显得),get(变得),feel(感到),turn(变成),remain(仍然是)等。

情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气和情感。情态动词只能和原行动词一起构成谓语动词。英语情态动词主要有can(能够),may(可以,也许),must(必须)及其过去形式could, might等。

助动词常和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及用于否定和疑问等结构中。英语助动词主要有shall, will, have, be, should, would, do等。

实义动词还可根据是否需要宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词(transitive verb)后面要跟宾语,意义才完整。例如:

You muxt consider the matter carefully.

你一定要仔细考虑这件事。(the matter是及物动词consider的宾语)

Have you received the letter?

你受到了那封信吗?(the letter是及物动词receive的宾语)

不及物动词(intransitive verb)本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语,例如:

The old man walked very slowly.

这老人走的很慢。(walked是不及物动词)

He didn't sleep well last night.

他昨晚睡的不好。(sleep是不及物动词)

动词有四中基本形式,即动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。例如:

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词

live lived lived living

build built built building

have had had having

动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则和不规则两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词,在原形动词后面加词尾-ed或-d构成。不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的,如eat, ate, eaten。这些动词数量虽不多,但都是比较常用的,必须熟记。

现在分词在动词原形后面加-ing构成。关于动词原形加-ed和-ing的方法和读音以及不规则动词的变化,请参阅相关词典或语法书。

(八)介词

介词(preposition)又叫前置词,放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面,表示它后面的词与句子中其它成分之间的关系。

介词在句中一般不重读,也不能单独作句子成分。

介词根据其构成,可分为简单介词,如:in, at, for, since等;复合介词,如:into(进入), as for(至于), out of(出自);二重介词,如:until after(直至...之后), from among(从...当中);短语介词,如:according to(根据), because of(因为), in front of(在...之前), in the event of(如果);分词介词,如:regarding(关于), considering(考虑到), including(包括)。

介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语(prepositional phrase)。

(九)连词

连词(conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词是虚词,在句中一般不重读,也不能在句中单独作句子成分。

根据连词本身的含义及其所连接的成分的性质,可分为并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词是连接并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的连词,例如:and(和), or(或者、否则), but(但是), for(因为), not only...but also(不仅...而且), neither...nor(即不...也不)。从属连词是连接主从复合句的主句和从句的连词,例如:that, if(如果), whether(是否), when(当...时候), although(虽然), because(因为), so that(结果)。

从连词本身的结构形式看,又可分为:简单连词,如:but, because, if;关联连词,如:not only...but also, as...as(和...一样);分词连词,如:supposing(假如), provided(倘若);短语连词,如:as if(好象), as soon as(一旦...就), in order that(以便)。

(十)感叹词

感叹词(interjection)是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的词,例如:oh, well, why, hello等。

上述十大词类中,名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、数词等都有实义,故称为实词(notioal word);而介词、冠词、连词、感叹词等没有实义,故称为虚词(form word)。

不少词可以属于几个词类,例如:smoke(名词) (烟尘),(动词) (吸烟);own(形容词) (自己的),(动词) (拥有);just(副词) (刚才),(形容词) (正义的);key(名词) (钥匙),(形容词) (主要的),等。

由不同词类的单词,按照一定的'语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子。一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分(members of the sentence)。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。现分述如下:

(一)主语

主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。例如:

Walls have ears.

隔墙有耳。(名词做主语)

He will take you to the hospital.

他会带你去医院。(代词做主语)

Three plus four equals seven.

三加四等于七。(数词做主语)

To see is to believe.

眼见为实。(动词不定式做主语)

Smoking is not allowed in public places.

公共场所不允许吸烟。(动名词做主语)

Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.

他们来不来取决与天气。(从句做主语)

(二)谓语动词

谓语动词(predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的句子成分。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。例如:

Action speaks louder than words.

百说不如一干。

The chance may never come again.

这样的机会恐怕不会再来。

Tom was very sick at heart.

汤姆心里非常难过。

Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.

自1994年以来,玛丽一直在那家服装店工作。

(三)表语

表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的,它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、副词以及表语从句等。例如:

My father is a professor.

我父亲是一位教授。(名词作表语)

Who's that? It's me.

是谁呀?是我。(代词作表语)

Everything here is dear to her.

这里的一切她都感到亲切。(形容词作表语)

The match became very exciting.

比赛变得很紧张。(分词作表语)

The story of my life may be of help to others.

我的生活经历对别人可能有帮助。(介词短语作表语)

Three times five is fifteen.

三乘五等于十五。(数词作表语)

His plan is to seek work in the city.

他的计划是在城里找工作。(动词不等式作表语)

My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.

我最初的想法是你应当掩饰你的感情。(从句作表语)

(四)宾语

宾语(object)表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。不定式也可作及物动词的宾语。例如:

she covered her face with her hands.

她用双手蒙住脸。(名词短语作宾语)

We haven't seen her for a long time.

我们好长时间没看到她了。(代词作宾语)

Do you mind opening the window?

打开窗户你介意吗?(动名词作宾语)

Give me four please.

请给我四个。(数词作宾语)

He wants to dream a nice dream.

他想做一个好梦。(动词不定式短语作宾语)

We need to know what others are doing.

我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。(从句作宾语)

I lived in Japan in 1986.

我1986 年住在日本。(名词和数词作介词的宾语)

(五)定语

定语(attribute)是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。例如:

They are woman workers.

她们是女工。(名词作定语)

Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.

汤姆的父亲直到昨天才给家里写信。(所有格名词作定语)

Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.

应当实行同工同酬。(形容词作定语)

The play has three acts.

这出戏有三幕。(数词作定语)

This is her first trip to Europe.

这是她首次欧洲之行。(代词、数词和介词短语作定语)

China is a developing country.

中国是一个发展中国家。(分词作定语)

You haven't kept your promise to write us often.

你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。(动词不定式短语作定语)

My cat has a good nose for milk.

我的猫对牛奶嗅觉灵敏。(介词短语作定语)

Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.

想去西藏的人须在此签名。(从句作定语)

(六)状语

状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。例如:

These products are selling quickly.

这些产品现在十分畅销。(副词作状语)

He is knee deep in snow.

他踩在齐膝深的雪里。(名词作状语)

The best fish swim near the bottom.

好鱼居水底。(有价值的东西不能轻易得到。)(介词短语作状语)

She sat there doing nothing.

她坐在那里无所事事。(分词短语作状语)

We'll send a car over to fetch you.

我们将派一辆车去接你。(动词不定式短语作状语)

She was slow to make up her mind.

她迟迟不能下决心。(动词不定式短语作状语)

Strike while the iron is hot.

趁热打铁。(从句作状语)

There is no such a word in English so far as I know.

据我所知,英语里没有这样一个词。(从句作状语)

(七)宾语补足语和主语补足语

英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语(object complement),才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语(subject complement)。可以担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。例如:

They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。(名词短语作宾语补足语)

He made me ashamed of myself. 他使我感到惭愧。(形容词短语作宾语补足语)

We found everything there in good order. 我们发现那里的一切井井有条。(介词短语作宾语补足语)

I should advise you not to miss the chance. 我劝你不要错过机会。(不定式短语作宾语补足语)

I could feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。(分词短语作宾语补足语)

Some goods are left unsold. 有些货物剩下未出售。(分词做主语补足语)

She was elected director of public relations. 她被选为公关部主任。(名词短语做主语补足语)

词类与句子成分既有区别又有联系。词类是孤立的单词的分类;而句子成分则指单词、词组、短语或从句在句中的作用。句子的各种成分总是由属于一定词类的单词(或词组、短语、从句)来担当的。因此在词类和句子成分之间存在着某种对应关系。

动词中的实义动词和系动词可以担当谓语。动词不定式、分词和动名词形式不能独立担当谓语。介词是虚词的一种,不能独立担当句子成分,但介词加上其后的宾语所构成的介词短语,可在句中担当多种成分。

285 评论(9)

t苹果多多t

形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词.动词的现在进行时态还可表示主动用法,过去时还可表示被动用法.英语中你我他的顺序是:you,he and I

336 评论(15)

xyz小鱼子

英语句子基本语法一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分(members of the sentence)。英语的句子 成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。现分述如下: (一)主语 主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。 可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。例如: Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。(_______做主语) To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(_______做主语) Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。(_______做主语) Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决与天气。 (_______做主语) (二)谓语动词 谓语动词(predicate verb)是说明主语的_____或_____的句子成分。动词中的实义动词和系动词可 以担当谓语。动词不定式、分词和动名词形式不能独立担当谓语。 谓语动词的位置一般在_____之后。谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词 的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 例如: Tom was very sick at heart。 汤姆心里非常难过。 The chance may never come again. 这样的机会恐怕不会再来。 Mary has been working at the shop since 2000.自 2000 年以来,玛丽一直在那家店工作。 (三)表语 做谓语的 be 动词后面的所有成分都是表语 表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的,它的位置在_____作表语的有名词、 代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、副词以及表语从句等。例如: My father is a professor. 我父亲是一位教授。(_____作表语) Who's that? It's me. 是谁呀?是我。(_____作表语) Everything here is dear to her。这里的一切她都感到亲切。(______作表语) The story of my life may be of help to others. 我的生活经历对别人可能有帮助。(_____作表语) His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是在城里找工作。(__________作表语) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 我最初的想法是你应当掩饰你的感情。 (_____ 作表语) (四)宾语 宾语(object)表示动作的对象,是动作的______。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会 跟宾语。介词是虚词的一种,不能独立担当句子成分,但介词加上其后的宾语所构成的介词短语,可在 句中担当多种成分。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。不定式也可作及物动词的宾语。例如: she covered her face with her hands. 她用双手蒙住脸。(_____短语作宾语) We haven't seenher for a long time. 我们好长时间没看到她了。(_____作宾语) Do you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗?(_____作宾语) Give me four please. 请给我四个。(_____作宾语) He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做一个好梦。(___________作宾语) We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。(_____作宾语) I lived in Japan in 1986. 我 1986 年住在日本。(__________作介词的宾语) (五)定语 定语(attribute)是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之12 英语句子基本语法 By Elaine Zheng 做最好的自己! 英语句子基本语法 做最好的自己! !前;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、 不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。例如: They are woman workers. 她们是女工。(_____作定语) Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 汤姆的父亲直到昨天才给家里写信。 (______作定语) Equal pay for equal work should be introduced. 应当实行同工同酬。(______作定语) The play has three acts。 这出戏有三幕。(______作定语) This is her first trip to Europe. 这是她首次欧洲之行。(______、______和______作定语) China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。(______作定语) You haven't kept your promise to write us often. 你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。(______短语 作定语) Those who want to go to Tibet sign their names here. 想去西藏的人在此签名。(______作定语) (六)状语 状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定 式、状语从句等。例如: These products are selling quickly. 这些产品现在十分畅销。(______作状语) The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼居水底(有价值的东西不能轻易得到。)(______作状语) She sat there doing nothing. 她坐在那里无所事事。(______作状语) Teaching English, I learnt a lot.(______作状语) Faced with the problem, he never gave up. (______作状语) We'll send a car over to fetch you. 我们将派一辆车去接你。(______作状语) (七)宾语补足语和主语补足语 英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语(object complement),才能使句子 的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原 宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语(subject complement)。可以担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词 短语、动词不定式、分词等。例如: He made me ashamed of myself。 他使我感到惭愧。(______作宾语补足语) We found everything there in good order. 我们发现那里的一切井井有条。(______作宾语补足语) I should advise you not to miss the chance. 我劝你不要错过机会。(______作宾语补足语) I could feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。(______作宾语补足语) 二、英语中的简单句和复合句 (一)简单句 一 简单句 1、概述 只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。 I am a student.我是一个学生。 She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。 2、简单句的基本句型 英语简单句可分为五种基本句型,其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这 五个基本句式:主谓结构;主系表结构;主谓宾结构;主谓双宾结构;主谓宾补结构 1. I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2. Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3. I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。23 英语句子基本语法 By Elaine Zheng 做最好的自己! 英语句子基本语法 做最好的自己! !4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5. We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。 主语 谓语 动词 1.主+谓+表 五种句型2.主+谓 3.主+谓+宾 4.主+谓+间宾 +直宾 5.主+谓+宾语 +宾补 (1)主谓结构(S + V) 在此句式中,V 是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。 He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He works at this factory .(他在这个工厂工作) He will come tomorrow.(他明天来) 及物动词和不及物动词之秘诀 秘 诀 一 ______________________________________________________________________ (例如:look 是典型的不及物动词,后面是不能接宾语的,但是如果加上适当的介词就可以跟宾语如 look at the blackboard 、look for the child 、look after his mother 等等) 。 秘诀二、 秘诀二 ___________________________________________________________________ 秘诀三、 秘诀三 ___________________________________________________________________。 “解读 状语之四 解读”状语之 解读 状语之四 秘诀一、 ___________________________________________________________________。 秘诀二、 ___________________________________________________________________ 秘诀三、 ___________________________________________________________________。 秘诀四、 ___________________________________________________________________ (2)主系表结构(S + V + P ) 在此句式中,V 是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste, , , , , , , smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit第3/7页still,become,turn 等。 , , , , , , 动词类: 一 be 动词类: ____________________________________________ 表示变化类: 二 表示变化类: ____________________________________________ 感官动词类: 三 感官动词类 ____________________________________________ 四 表示延续性的动词 : ____________________________________________ 五终止系动词表示主语已终止动作 ____________________________________________, ,34 英语句子基本语法 By Elaine Zheng 做最好的自己! 英语句子基本语法 做最好的自己! !He seems interested in the book 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。 (turn out 表终止性结果) 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成 SVO 句式。 句式。 注意 He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 Please turn the sentence into English.请把这个句于译成英语。 (3)主谓宾结构(S + V + O ) )主谓宾结构( 在此句式中,V 是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。 I saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story?你读过这个故事吗? They built a house last year.他们去年建了一所房子。 You should look after your children well.你应该好好照看你的孩子 (4)主谓双宾结构(S + V + IO + DO) )主谓双宾结构( ) 一人一物做宾语就是双宾语在此句式中, 是带有双宾语的及物动词。 V 常见的须带双宾语的动词有 give, 一人一物做宾语就是双宾语 , ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get 等。如 , , , , , , , , , give(给某人……), give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. bring(带给某人……), bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. tell(告诉某人……), tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. send(送给某人……), send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. leave(留给某人……), leave sb. sth. = leave sth. to sb. pass(递给某人……), pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. write(给某人写……), write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. take(给某人拿……), take s sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. show(给某人看……), show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. teach(教给某人……), teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. get(给某人弄到……), get sb. sth. =get sth. to sb. lend(借给某人……), lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. pay(支付给某人……), pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. hand(递给某人……) , hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb. have(给某人拥有……), have sb. sth. = have sth. for sb. buy(给某人买……), buy sb. sth. = buy sth.for sb. read(给某人读……), read sb. sth. = read sth for sb cook(给某人烹饪……), cook sb. sth. = cook sth for sb make (给某人做……), make sb. sth. = make sth第4/7页for sb (5)主谓宾补结构(S + V + O + C) )主谓宾补结构( ) 在此句式中,V 是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、 不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 They made the girl angry.他们使这个女孩生气了。 They found her happy that day.他们发现那天她很高兴。 I saw him in.我见他在家。 They saw a foot mark in the sand.他们在沙地上发现了一个脚印。 They named the boy Charlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。45 英语句子基本语法 By Elaine Zheng 做最好的自己! 英语句子基本语法 做最好的自己! !(二)并列句 1、概述 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各 个简单句彼此独立,互不依从,但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。 并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号,也可不用逗号(但 however、therefore、otherwise 等并列连词前后都常有逗号) 。常见的并列句结构是:简单句+并列连 词+简单句。这种简单句常被叫做分句。 I help him and he helps me.我帮助他,他帮助我。 (并列连词是 and) This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names. 这是我们的第一堂课,因此我不知道大家 的名字。(并列连词 so 前有逗号) She likes bread and milk, but she doesn't like eggs at all. 她喜欢面包和牛奶,但她一点也不喜欢 鸡蛋。 (并列连词是 but) (并列连词是 or) Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点,否则你就会迟到。 2、并列连词 并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义,分为如下几类: (1)表示连接,常用的有__________________________等。 (2)表示转折,常用的有__________________________等。 (3)表示选择,常用的有____________________________________等。 (4)表示原因,只有______一个词。 (5)表示结果,常用的有__________________。 (6)并列复合句 除 以 上 简单 的 并列 句 之外 , 还 有一 种 较复 杂 的并 列 句 ,叫 做 并列 复 合句 (compound complex sentence),即其中的一个分句可包含一个以上从句。 I sucked a finger, but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup. 我吮吸了手指,但是我放进嘴里的指头不是我在杯子里蘸了一下的那个指头。 (二)复合句 1、概述 复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(main clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(subordinate clause)构 成。主句是全句的主体,通常_________存在;从句则只用作句子的一个成分,________。 After the students were all in the library, the teacher brought out three books.在学生全都进入图书 馆后,老师拿出三本书来。 (主句是“the teacher brought out three books”,从第5/7页句是“After the students were all in the library ”。 ) We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.我们还认为会有更多的人愿意乘 飞机旅行。 (主句是“We also believe”,从句是“that many more people will prefer to travel by air”。 ) 2、从句的基本概念及其结构 从句_________一个句子,虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从 句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是:________________。 When I came home,my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。 , He said that he would come. 他说他要来 Whether the game will be played depends on the weather. 比赛是否举行将视天气而定。 3、关联词(connective)56 英语句子基本语法 By Elaine Zheng 做最好的自己! 英语句子基本语法 做最好的自己! !引导从句的关联词共有下列 5 类: (1) 从属连词: _____(无词义), ____(在…前), _____(在…之后), _____(假如、是否), _____ (是否), ______(既然、自从), _____(因为),_____只要), _____(当时…候), ______(结果) (2)疑问代词:________________________等。 (3)疑问副词:________________________ (4)关系代词:________________________ (5)关系副词:________________________ 4、关联词在从句中的功用举例 We can't travel through the forest by road because there aren't any roads! 我们不能从陆路穿过森 林,因为这儿根本没有路可走! (关联词是从属连词 because,引导_____________) I think that it's wrong to eat monkeys, so I don't.我认为吃猴子是不对的,所以我不吃。 (关联词是从属连词 that,引导_____________,在从句中不作成分) He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。 (关联词是关系代词 who,引导_____________,在从句中作主语) Although it was expensive, we decided to buy the computer.虽然价钱昂贵,我们还是决定把计算机 买下来。 (关联词是从属连词 although,引导_____________) Would you please let me know when you have a match?你们有比赛的时候,请告诉我好吗?(关联 词是疑问副词 when,引导_____________,在从句中作状语) ( What we need is more time. 我 们 需 要 的 是 更 多 的 时 间 。 关 联 词 是 疑 问 代 词 what , 引 导 _____________,在从句中作宾语) 5、从句的功用和种类 从句在复合句中,可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等,因此,可分为六类:即主语从句、 表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 The dam, which is the biggest in the world , is 3,830 metres long.这座水坝是世界上最大的一座,长 3830 米。 (含有 which 引导的定语从句) Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke第6/7页out on the llth floor.当 11 层楼起 火的时候,大楼内有 500 人在工作。 (含有 when 引导的时间状语从句) The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page. 由主编决定哪 篇报导最重要,应安排在头版。 (含有 which 引导的宾语从句) Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。 (含有 whether 引导的主 语从句) That is where he was born. 这就是他出生的地方。 (含有 where 引导的表语从句) We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到了我们球队己经获胜的消息。 (含有 that 引导的 同位语从句) 教学反馈复习: 教学反馈复习: 英语的句子成分有八种:_________________________________________________________。 二、英语中句型 英语中句型 (一)________ 一 五个基本句式:1____________2_____________3____________4_____________5___________ (二)________ (三)________6

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