The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of private and public， academic， business， and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires， fiber-optic cables， wireless connections， and other The Internet carries various information resources and services， such as electronic mail， online chat， file transfer and file sharing， online gaming， and the inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW)Today's InternetAside from the complex physical connections that make up its infrastructure， the Internet is facilitated by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contracts (， peering agreements)， and by technical specifications or protocols that describe how to exchange data over the Indeed， the Internet is defined by its interconnections and routing As of March 31， 2008， 407 billion people use the Internet according to Internet World SInternet protocolsThe complex communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a system of software layers that control various aspects of the While the hardware can often be used to support other software systems， it is the design and the rigorous standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the IThe responsibility for the architectural design of the Internet software systems has been delegated to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)[7] The IETF conducts standard-setting work groups， open to any individual， about the various aspects of Internet Resulting discussions and final standards are published in Request for Comments (RFCs)， freely available on the IETF web The principal methods of networking that enable the Internet are contained in a series of RFCs that constitute the Internet S These standards describe a system known as the Internet Protocol S This is a model architecture that divides methods into a layered system of protocols (RFC 1122， RFC 1123) The layers correspond to the environment or scope in which their services At the top is the space (Application Layer) of the software application， ， a web browser application， and just below it is the Transport Layer which connects applications on different hosts via the network (， client-server model) The underlying network consists of two layers: the Internet Layer which enables computers to connect to one-another via intermediate (transit) networks and thus is the layer that establishes internetworking and the Internet， and lastly， at the bottom， is a software layer that provides connectivity between hosts on the same local link (therefor called Link Layer)， ， a local area network (LAN) or a dial-up This model is also known as the TCP/IP model of While other models have been developed， such as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model， they are not compatible in the details of description， nor The most prominent component of the Internet model is the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides addressing systems for computers on the Internet and facilitates the internetworking of IP Version 4 (IPv4) is the initial version used on the first generation of the today's Internet and is still in dominant It was designed to address up to ~3 billion (109) Internet However， the explosive growth of the Internet has led to IPv4 address A new protocol version， IPv6， was developed which provides vastly larger addressing capabilities and more efficient routing of data IPv6 is currently in commercial deployment phase around the IPv6 is not interoperable with IP It essentially establishes a "parallel" version of the Internet not accessible with IPv4 This means software upgrades are necessary for every networking device that needs to communicate on the IPv6 I Most modern computer operating systems are already converted to operate with both version of the Internet P Network infrastructures， however， are still lagging in this Internet structureThere have been many analyses of the Internet and its For example， it has been determined that the Internet IP routing structure and hypertext links of the World Wide Web are examples of scale-free Similar to the way the commercial Internet providers connect via Internet exchange points， research networks tend to interconnect into large subnetworks such as the following:GEANT GLORIAD The Internet2 Network (formally known as the Abilene Network) JANET (the UK's national research and education network) These in turn are built around relatively smaller See also the list of academic computer network In computer network diagrams， the Internet is often represented by a cloud symbol， into and out of which network communications can The prevalent language for communication on the Internet is E This may be a result of the Internet's origins， as well as English's role as a lingua It may also be related to the poor capability of early computers， largely originating in the United States， to handle characters other than those in the English variant of the Latin After English (30% of Web visitors) the most requested languages on the World Wide Web are Chinese (17%)， Spanish (9%)， Japanese (7%)， French (5%) and German (5%)[8]By region， 40% of the world's Internet users are based in Asia， 26% in Europe， 17% in North America， 10% in Latin America and the Caribbean， 4% in Africa， 3% in the Middle East and 1% in A[6]The Internet's technologies have developed enough in recent years， especially in the use of Unicode， that good facilities are available for development and communication in most widely used However， some glitches such as mojibake (incorrect display of foreign language characters， also known as kryakozyabry) still Internet and the workplaceThe Internet is allowing greater flexibility in working hours and location， especially with the spread of unmetered high-speed connections and Web The Internet viewed on mobile devicesThe Internet can now be accessed virtually anywhere by numerous Mobile phones， datacards， handheld game consoles and cellular routers allow users to connect to the Internet from anywhere there is a cellular network supporting that device's Within the limitations imposed by the small screen and other limited facilities of such a pocket-sized device， all the services of the Internet， including email and web browsing， may be available in this Service providers may restrict the range of these services and charges for data access may be significant， compared to home Common usesE-mailFor more details on this topic， see E-The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the I Even today it can be important to distinguish between Internet and internal e-mail Internet e-mail may travel and be stored unencrypted on many other networks and machines out of both the sender's and the recipient's During this time it is quite possible for the content to be read and even tampered with by third parties， if anyone considers it important Purely internal or intranet mail systems， where the information never leaves the corporate or organization's network， are much more secure， although in any organization there will be IT and other personnel whose job may involve monitoring， and occasionally accessing， the e-mail of other employees not addressed to The World Wide WebMany people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (or just the Web) interchangeably， but， as discussed above， the two terms are not The World Wide Web is a huge set of interlinked documents， images and other resources， linked by hyperlinks and URL These hyperlinks and URLs allow the web servers and other machines that store originals， and cached copies， of these resources to deliver them as required using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) HTTP is only one of the communication protocols used on the IWeb services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and Software products that can access the resources of the Web are correctly termed user In normal use， web browsers， such as Internet Explorer and Firefox， access web pages and allow users to navigate from one to another via Web documents may contain almost any combination of computer data including graphics， sounds， text， video， multimedia and interactive content including games， office applications and scientific Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google， millions of people worldwide have easy， instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online Compared to encyclopedias and traditional libraries， the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and Using the Web， it is also easier than ever before for individuals and organisations to publish ideas and information to an extremely large Anyone can find ways to publish a web page， a blog or build a website for very little initial Publishing and maintaining large， professional websites full of attractive， diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition， Many individuals and some companies and groups use "web logs" or blogs， which are largely used as easily updatable online Some commercial organisations encourage staff to fill them with advice on their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information， and be attracted to the corporation as a One example of this practice is Microsoft， whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular， and have become increasingly Whereas operations such as Angelfire and GeoCities have existed since the early days of the Web， newer offerings from， for example， Facebook and MySpace currently have large These operations often brand themselves as social network services rather than simply as web page Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative， and e-commerce or the sale of products and services directly via the Web continues to In the early days， web pages were usually created as sets of complete and isolated HTML text files stored on a web More recently， websites are more often created using content management system (CMS) or wiki software with， initially， very little Contributors to these systems， who may be paid staff， members of a club or other organisation or members of the public， fill underlying databases with content using editing pages designed for that purpose， while casual visitors view and read this content in its final HTML There may or may not be editorial， approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target Remote accessFurther information: Remote access The Internet allows computer users to connect to other computers and information stores easily， wherever they may be across the They may do this with or without the use of security， authentication and encryption technologies， depending on the This is encouraging new ways of working from home， collaboration and information sharing in many An accountant sitting at home can audit the books of a company based in another country， on a server situated in a third country that is remotely maintained by IT specialists in a These accounts could have been created by home-working bookkeepers， in other remote locations， based on information e-mailed to them from offices all over the Some of these things were possible before the widespread use of the Internet， but the cost of private leased lines would have made many of them infeasible in An office worker away from his desk， perhaps on the other side of the world on a business trip or a holiday， can open a remote desktop session into his normal office PC using a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection via the I This gives the worker complete access to all of his or her normal files and data， including e-mail and other applications， while away from the This concept is also referred to by some network security people as the Virtual Private Nightmare， because it extends the secure perimeter of a corporate network into its employees' homes; this has been the source of some notable security breaches， but also provides security for the
这个太多了，发不全，全部的上我的网站找吧 【摘 要】 人类已进入21世纪，科学技术突飞猛进，经济知识和信息产业初见端倪，特别是信息技术和网络技术的讯速发展和广泛应用，对社会的政治、经济、军事、文化等领域产生越来越深刻。学生成绩管理系统是一个教育单位不可缺少的部分，它的内容对于学校的决策者和管理者来说都至关重要。本论文叙述到的学生成绩管理系统是用IIS+ASP网页编程+ACCESS数据库+SQL查询语言实现的。重点介绍了学生成绩管理系统的实现过程：包括系统分析、 系统调查、功能设计、数据库设计、系统实现、系统测试和调试等。本系统主要功能有教师管理、学生管理、班级管理、学生信息管理、成绩管理、留言管理，包括功能需求描述、数据库设计等内容。 Mankind has entered the 21st century， the rapid development in science and technology， economic knowledge and information industries have especially information technology and network technology to the fast development and wide application of the political， economic， military， cultural， and other fields have become deeper and Student performance management system is an education units indispensable part Its contents for the policy makers and school administrators are of great This paper describes the performance of their students management system is used IIS+ASP website database programming +ACCESS +S QL query language Focus on the students performance management system implementation process include : systems analysis， investigation， functional design， database design， the realization of the system， system testing and The system functions teacher management， student management， class management， student information management， performance management， voice mail management， Description including functional requirements， such as database 【关键字】 ASP 成绩管理 成绩查询 ACCESS 前言 第一章 系统的需求分析 1 成绩管理系统的背景分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 2开发学生成绩管理的必要性----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 3学生成绩管理系统设计的目标的分析----------------------------------------------------------------------6 4学生成绩管理系统的系统需求-------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 5学生成绩管理系统的功能需求分析-------------------------------------------------------------------------6 第二章 系统技术以及运行环境的需求分析 1 ASP技术简介---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 2 ACCESS2003 技术简介---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 3 SQL语句简介----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 4 IIS简介------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 5 运行环境---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 第三章 系统模块的设计 1 学生成绩管理系统的功能分析-----------------------------------------------------------------------------10 2 学生成绩管理系统流程图-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 3 系统功能模块图-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 第四章 系统数据设计 1 系统管理员表-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 2 系统学生表----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 3 成绩管理系统教师-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 4 系统成绩表----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 5 系统留言表----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 6 系统班级表----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 第五章 学生成绩管理系统功能的实现 1 数据库的连接--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 2 成绩管理系统的登录页面-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 2 成绩管理系统的安全性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 3 系统管理员功能简介-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 4 教师功能简介--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 5 学生功能实现简介--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 6 学生成绩管理系统的关键代码-----------------------------------------------------------------------------22 7 系统在调度中经常出现的问题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------23 总结-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 致谢-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 参考文献-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 前言 人类已进入21世纪，科学技术突飞猛进，经济知识和信息产业初见端倪，特别是信息技术和网络技术的讯速发展和广泛应用，对社会的政治、经济、军事、文化等领域产生越来越深刻的影响，也正在改变人们的工作、生活学习、交流方式。信息的获取、处理、交流和应用能力，已经成为人们最重要的能力之一。 在不久的将来知识经济将占世界经济发展的主导地位，国家综合国力和国际竞争能力越来越取决于教育发展、科学技术和知识创新的水平，教育在经济和社会发展过程中将呈现出越来越突出的重要作用。学生成绩管理系统是一个教育单位不可缺少的部分，它的内容对于学校的决策者和管理者来说都至关重要，所以学生成绩管理系统应该能够为用户提供充足的信息和快捷的查询手段。但是一直以来人们使用传统人工的方式管理学生成绩、填写各种表格，这种管理方式存在着许多缺点，如:效率低、保密性差，另外所用其时间长，产生大量的文件和数据，这对于查找、更新和维护都带来了不少的困难。 随着中国加入WTO，意味着我国要在同一个网络平台上参与国际竞争，同世界接轨。这对我们既是一个机遇，也是一个挑战。为此我们必须全面加强全民的信息技术教育，以提高我国的整体素质。科学技术的不断发展和提高，计算机科学技术日渐成熟，其强大的功能人们已有深刻认识，它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。 作为计算机应用的一部分，使用计算机对学生成绩管理系统进行信息管理，有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点，如:检索迅速、查找方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。这些优点能够极大地提高学生成绩系统管理的效率，也是教育单位的科学化、正规化管理，与世界接轨的重要条件，因此，开发一套这样成绩管理软件成为很有必要的事情。 第一章 系统的需求分析 1 成绩管理系统的背景分析 当今时代是飞速发展的信息时代，在各行各业中离不开信息处理，这正是计算机被广泛应用于信息管理系统的环境。计算机的最大好处在于利用它能够进行信息管理。使用计算机进行信息控制，不仅提高了工作效率，而且大大的提高了其安全性。尤其对于复杂的信息管理，计算机能够充分发挥它的优越性。 管理信息系统是进行信息的采集、存储、加工、维护和使用的系统，它是随着管理科学和技术科学的发展而形成的。学生成绩管理系统是一个教育单位不可缺少的部分，它的内容对于学校的决策者和管理者来说都至关重要，所以学生成绩管理系统应该能够为用户提供充足的信息和快捷的查询手段，对学生来说可以轻松的查阅自己在校的成绩以及信息等。但是一直以来人们都是靠传统人工的方式管理学生成绩，这种管理方式存在着许多缺点，如:效率低、保密性差，另外时间一长，将产生大量的文件和数据，这对于查找、更新和维护都带来了不少的困难。 随着科学技术的不断提高，计算机科学日渐成熟，其强大的功能已为人们深刻认识，它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为计算机应用的一部分，使用计算机对学生成绩信息进行管理，有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点例如:检索迅速、查找方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。这些优点能够极大地提高学生成绩管理的效率，也是企业的科学化、正规化管理，与世界接轨的重要条件。因此，开发这样的一套成绩管理系统成为很有必要的事情。 学生成绩管理系统提供了强大的学生成绩管理管理功能，方便系统管理员对学生成绩等信息的添加、修改、删除、查询、留言等操作，同时一样的方面学生对自己各科成绩查询，学习的交流。 2开发学生成绩管理的必要性 在21世纪的科技时代，科学技术突飞猛进，计算机已经不仅是在科技上应用，而且在生活中也是同样得到了广泛在应用。如今，不管是小学、初中、高中、甚至是很多大学生的学生成绩管理基本上是靠人工进行管理，但随着时间的变化，学校规模的扩大，有关学生成绩管理工作和所涉及到的数据量越来越大越来越多，大多数学校不得不靠增加人力、物力、财力来进行学生成绩管理。但是人工管理成绩档案具有效率低、查找麻烦、可靠性不高、保密性低等因素。因此开发出一个不仅仅是适用于大中专院校以及其它高校通用的学生成绩管理系统是必要的。 开发一个学生成绩管理系统，采用计算机对学生成绩进行管理，进一步提高了办学效益和现代化水平。为广大教师和学生提高工作效率，实现学生成绩信息管理工作流程的系统化、规范化和自动化。现在我国的大中专院校的学生成绩档案管理水平普遍都不是很高，有的还停留在全用纸介质基础上，这种管理方式已不能适应时代的发展，社会的需求，因为它浪费了大量的人力物力，也存在着许多不足的因素。在今天信息时代这种传统的管理方法必然会被计算机为基础的信息管理系统所代替。一个高效的学生成绩管理系统可以存储历届的学生成绩档案，不需要大量的人力，只需要几名专门录入员即可操作系统，节省大量人力，可以迅速查到所需信息、高效、安全，学生在能方便的查看自己的成绩。 3学生成绩管理系统设计的目标的分析 管理员能够实现对整个学生信息的添加、修改、删除、查询等操作，对教师用户的添加、删除、修改等操作，对留言信息的添加、删除、修改查询等操作。 可以将学生成绩的数据库发布到网上，教师的信息发布的网上，方便学生教师进行查询，达到资源共享的目的。 教师能够在一定的权限内对所有学生成绩的查询，所有教师信息的查询，留言信息的添加、删除、修改是、查看等，对的自己的联系信息进行更新，登录密码的修改。 学生可以在自己的权限内对对自己成绩的查询，以及个人信息的查询，登录密码的修改，留言的查看、提交留言信息的相关操作。 4学生成绩管理系统的系统需求 在21世纪的科技时代，科学技术突飞猛进，信息社会的高科技时代，商品经济化的高效益，计算机的应用已普及到经济和社会生活的各个领域。计算机虽然与人类的关系愈来愈密切，还有人由于计算机操作不方便继续用手工劳动。为了适应现代社会人们高度强烈的时间观念，学生成绩管理系统为教学办公带来了极大的方便。该学生成绩管理系统是以ASP网页编程+ACCESS数据库+SQL数据查询语言编写，其系统功能在内部IIS服务器上运行。系统管理员、教师、学生只需通过简单的操作，用户都可以了解本系统软件的基本工作原理。用户只需进行输入一些简单的汉字、数字，或用鼠标点击即可达到自己想要的目标。 5学生成绩管理系统的功能需求分析 学生成绩管理系统主要提供成绩查询，方便管理的网上的信息查阅平台，学生可以通过该系统查阅与自己相关信息，查看留言、提交留言。教师可以通过成绩管理系统查阅学生成绩信息，教师信息，查看教师留言、学生留言、提交留言、留言的管理等相关操作。系统管理员可以实现以上的所有功能，还有对学生的添加、删除、修改、教师的添加、删除、修改，数据库的备份、数据库的还原等相关操作。 第二章 系统技术以及运行环境的需求分析 1 ASP技术简介 Microsoft Active Server Pages 即我们所称的ASP，其实是一套微软开发的服务器端脚本环境。Active Server Page 是创建动态网页的一个很好的工具，它起一种编程语言的作用，可以利用它编写动态产生HTML的程序代码。因此，只要用户浏览Web站点并请求一个ASP页，Web服务器就可以处理相应的ASP代码，生成HTML代码，然后将它传递到用户浏览器并显示出网页。 ASP程序的优点： ASP使用VBScript脚本语言直接源于VB语言，秉承了VB简单易学的特点，掌管起来非常容易。 无须编译，容易编写，可在服务器端直接执行。 利用ADO组件轻松存取数据库。 与浏览器无关，客户端只要使用可执行HTML码的浏览器，即可浏览ASP所设计的网页内容。 ASP能与任何ActiveX scripting语言相容。除了可使用VBScript或JavaScript语言来设计外，还通过plug-in的方式，使用由第三方所提供的其他脚本语言。 ASP技术的处理速度相当快，并且其安全性也很高，ASP的源程序，不会被传到客户浏览器，因而可以避免所写的源程序被他人剽窃，也提高了程序的安全性。 ASP的对象和组件:ASP有7个固有对象这7个固有对象分别是Request、Response、Server、Application、Session、ASPError和ObjectContext。 2 ACCESS2003 技术简介 Access2003 就是关系数据库开发工具，数据库能汇集各种信息以供查询、存储和检索。那么什么叫数据库呢？数据库(Database)是由一些有意义和有关系的数据(data)所组合而成。一个数据库中，包含了许多条记录(Record)，而每条记录是由多个字段(Field)所组成，不同的字段存放这不同的数据。所以数据库的严格定义是一组相关记录的集合，而字段则是最基本的数据项，也是数据库中最小的单位。在计算机中用来帮我们管理数据库的系统，我们称之为数据库管理管理系统（Database Management System DBMS）。数据库管理系统是架构在一个或多个数据库之上，并针对数据库中的数据进行管理运用。 Access 的优点在于它能使用数据表示图或自定义窗体收集信息，数据表示图提供了一种类似于 Excel 的电子表格，可以使数据库一目了然。另外，Access 允许创建自定义报表用于打印或输出数据库中的信息。Access也提供了数据存储库，可以使用桌面数据库文件把数据库文件置于网络文件服务器，与其他网络用户共享数据库。如上所述，Access 作为关系数据库开发具备了许多优点，可以在一个数据包中同时拥有桌面数据库的便利和关系数据库的强大功能。 3 SQL语句简介 SQL 语句简介 SQL全称是“结构化查询语言(Structured Query Language)”，SQL包含4个部分： （1）数据查询语言DQL-Data Query Language SELECT （2）据操纵语言DQL-Data Manipulation Language INSERT， UPDATE， DELETE （3）数据定义语言DQL-Data Definition Language CREATE， ALTER， DROP （4）数据控制语言DQL-Data Control Language COMMIT WORK， ROLLBACK WORK SQL的优点 （1）非过程化语言 （2）统一的语言 SQL为许多任务提供了命令，包括：查询数据、数据更新、在表中插入记录、在表中修改记录、在表中删除记录、建立、修改和删除数据对象、控制对数据和数据对象的存取 、保证数据库一致性和完整性 、以前的数据库管理系统为上述各类操作提供单独的语言，而SQL将全部任务统一在一种语言中。 （3）是所有关系数据库的公共语言 由于所有主要的关系数据库管理系统都支持SQL语言，用户可将使用SQL的技能从一个RDBMS转到另一个。所有用SQL编写的程序都是可以移植的。SQL是大多数关系型数据库用做查询语言的语言。它是可以移植的，并且容易学习使用，但是所有SQL语句都必须由数据库服务器独立地执行。这就意味着客户端应用必须把每条查询发送到数据库服务器，等待它处理这个查询，接收结果，做一些运算，然后给服务器发送另外一条查询。所有这些东西都会产生进程间通讯，并且如果客户端在另外一台机器上甚至还会导致网络开销。 4 IIS简介 IIS的安装 WINDOWS 2000 SERVER提供的WEB服务器组件IIS的安装方法，在开始→设置→控制面板→添加/删除程序命，在添加/删除程序中选择→添加/删除WINDOWS组件按钮，就会弹出如图2-1所示的WINDOWS组件向导对话框。在其中选择INTERNET信息服务IIS，然后单击下一步按钮，随后根据系统提示一步一步的操作即可完成IIS的安装。
