烟雨笙萧
你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！ 学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。 （一）选题毕业论文（设计）题目应符合本专业的培养目标和教学要求，具有综合性和创新性。本科生要根据自己的实际情况和专业特长，选择适当的论文题目，但所写论文要与本专业所学课程有关。（二）查阅资料、列出论文提纲题目选定后，要在指导教师指导下开展调研和进行实验，搜集、查阅有关资料，进行加工、提炼，然后列出详细的写作提纲。（三）完成初稿根据所列提纲，按指导教师的意见认真完成初稿。（四）定稿初稿须经指导教师审阅，并按其意见和要求进行修改，然后定稿。一般毕业论文题目的选择最好不要太泛，越具体越好，而且老师希望学生能结合自己学过的知识对问题进行分析和解决。不知道你是否确定了选题，确定选题了接下来你需要根据选题去查阅前辈们的相关论文，看看人家是怎么规划论文整体框架的；其次就是需要自己动手收集资料了，进而整理和分析资料得出自己的论文框架；最后就是按照框架去组织论文了。你如果需要什么参考资料和范文我可以提供给你。还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利 毕业论文选题的方法: 一、尽快确定毕业论文的选题方向 在毕业论文工作布置后，每个人都应遵循选题的基本原则，在较短的时间内把选题的方向确定下来。从毕业论文题目的性质来看，基本上可以分为两大类:一类是社会主义现代化建设实践中提出的理论和实际问题;另一类是专业学科本身发展中存在的基本范畴和基本理论问题。大学生应根据自己的志趣和爱好，尽快从上述两大类中确定一个方向。 二、在初步调查研究的基础上选定毕业论文的具体题目在选题的方向确定以后，还要经过一定的调查和研究，来进一步确定选题的范围，以至最后选定具体题目。下面介绍两种常见的选题方法。 浏览捕捉法 :这种方法就是通过对占有的文献资料快速地、大量地阅读，在比较中来确定论文题目地方法。浏览，一般是在资料占有达到一定数量时集中一段时间进行，这样便于对资料作集中的比较和鉴别。浏览的目的是在咀嚼消化已有资料的过程中，提出问题，寻找自己的研究课题。这就需要对收集到的材料作一全面的阅读研究，主要的、次要的、不同角度的、不同观点的都应了解，不能看了一些资料，有了一点看法，就到此为止，急于动笔。也不能“先入为主”，以自己头脑中原有的观点或看了第一篇资料后得到的看法去决定取舍。而应冷静地、客观地对所有资料作认真的分析思考。在浩如烟海，内容丰富的资料中吸取营养，反复思考琢磨许多时候之后，必然会有所发现，这是搞科学研究的人时常会碰到的情形。 浏览捕捉法一般可按以下步骤进行: 第一步，广泛地浏览资料。在浏览中要注意勤作笔录，随时记下资料的纲目，记下资料中对自己影响最深刻的观点、论据、论证方法等，记下脑海中涌现的点滴体会。当然，手抄笔录并不等于有言必录，有文必录，而是要做细心的选择，有目的、有重点地摘录，当详则详，当略则略，一些相同的或类似的观点和材料则不必重复摘录，只需记下资料来源及页码就行，以避免浪费时间和精力。 第二步，是将阅读所得到的方方面面的内容，进行分类、排列、组合，从中寻找问题、发现问题，材料可按纲目分类，如分成: 系统介绍有关问题研究发展概况的资料; 对某一个问题研究情况的资料; 对同一问题几种不同观点的资料; 对某一问题研究最新的资料和成果等等。 第三步，将自己在研究中的体会与资料分别加以比较，找出哪些体会在资料中没有或部分没有;哪些体会虽然资料已有，但自己对此有不同看法;哪些体会和资料是基本一致的;哪些体会是在资料基础上的深化和发挥等等。经过几番深思熟虑的思考过程，就容易萌生自己的想法。把这种想法及时捕捉住，再作进一步的思考，选题的目标也就会渐渐明确起来。 
提高双低菜籽皮对反自动物营养价值的研摘要本研究以双低菜籽皮的中性洗涤纤维(NeutralDetergentFiber，NDF)含量为评定指标。采用混合嵌套设计从干式NaOH法(处理时间分别为d1、d2、3d)、尿素氨化法(处理时间分别为1d0、1d5、ZOd)、碱化一氨化复合处理(处理时间分别为15d、ZOd、25d)筛选出最佳处理组及其处理时间;采用L(3‘)正交设计筛选出最佳配比的纤维素酶、B一葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和a一淀粉酶处理组;从而得到最佳化学处理组和最佳复合酶制剂处理组。采用扫描电子显微镜(SacunnigEleetrnoMcriosocpe，SEM)技术分析上述最佳处理组处理的双低菜籽皮的结构;并分别以稻草、未处理双低菜籽皮、经最佳化学组处理的双低菜籽皮、经最佳复合酶制剂组处理的双低菜籽皮为粗料配制不同日粮，研究其对湖北麻城黑山羊的生长性能的影响。试验结果如下:与对照组(未处理组)相比，双低菜籽皮经干式Na0H法、尿素氨化法、碱化-氨化复合法处理后中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量降低，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率升高。双低菜籽皮经不同化学方法处理后，中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量组间差异极显著P(<01)，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率组间差异极显著P(<01);双低菜籽皮经同种方法不同时间处理后，时间对NDF含量及中性洗涤纤维24h降解率的影响是极显著(P<01)。就中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率而言，干式NaOH处理组比对照组的分别提高了22%、16%、58，64%，尿素氨化处理组比对照组的分别提高了81%、()7%、巧64%，碱化一氨化复合处理组比对照组的分别提高了88%、04%、79%。双低菜籽皮经不同配比的复合酶制剂处理后NDF含量组间差异不显著P(>005)，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率组间差异不显著P(>005)。与对照组相比，NDF含量均下降，分别降低了15%、59%、56%、81%、42%、57%、%、62%、05%;中性洗涤纤维24h降解率均有所提高，分别提高了07%、89，05%、75%、42%、29%、77%、72%、96%、74%。扫描电镜观察发现处理前后双低菜籽皮的物理结构变化显著。未处理的双低菜籽皮结构紧密，细胞器清晰可见;经过碱化一氨化复合处理之后，薄壁组织膨胀，形成一些“孔穴”结构，并且大部分的细胞器解体脱落:经过复合酶制剂处理后双低菜籽皮表面光滑，“孔穴”结构更加规则，并且细胞器基本完全解体脱落。表明双低菜籽皮经过处理后细胞壁疏松，为瘤胃液的渗透提供有利的条件，从而提高双低当动物营养价值的研究菜籽皮的利用效率。两种处理方法处理的双低菜籽皮组与稻草组相比，山羊的采食量、日增重、料肉比差异显著(P<005);与未处理的双低菜籽皮组相比，差异不显著P(>005)，但山羊的采食量和日增重有所提高，料肉比下降。结果表明，双低菜籽皮经碱化一氨化复合法在常温下处理20d后效果最佳;双低菜籽皮的最佳复合酶制剂的配比为纤维素酶38469、B一葡聚糖酶16679、木聚糖酶20009和a一淀粉酶01259(添加比例为在5009双低菜籽皮中的含量)。碱化一氨化复合处理和复合酶制剂处理能够提高双低菜籽皮的营养价值，并且饲喂经最佳处理组处理的双低菜籽皮可以提高山羊的生长性能。关键词:双低菜籽皮;氨化;复合酶制剂;扫描电镜;瘤胃尼龙袋法目录中文摘要···············，····································，·················，·······································……I英文摘要······················································································，····················，··……1111，前言·······························，··················································································……1开发双低菜籽皮饲料的重要性·················，··············································……2双低菜籽皮的特点和营养价值·······························································……3低质粗饲料的处理方法·····，·，··，······，··················，······································……4低质粗饲料在反当动物饲料利用中存在的问题························，··········……5本试验研究的目的和意义·······································································……材料与方法······································，·······························································……1样品的采集·································，·····························································……2处理双低菜籽皮的化学方法·····，·····························································……3处理双低菜籽皮的酶制剂方法，·········，·············································，······……4双低菜籽皮营养成分瘤胃降解率的测定···············································……5扫描电子显微镜分析···············································································……26山羊饲养试验···························································································……7检测指标···································································································……132，8一计算公式与数据处理·······················································，·····················……‘’结果与分析··，·····，·······，··，，，···，····，，······································································……143，1双低菜籽皮的主要成分含量········，··························································一2化学处理双低菜籽皮的成分分析···············································，···········……3复合酶制剂处理双低菜籽皮的成分分析···············································……4扫描电镜分析处理前后双低菜籽皮结构的变化···································……5不同处理饲粮对山羊生长性能的影响···················································……讨论······，···················，···，·····，，，·····················，，····················································……1双低菜籽皮经不同方法处理效果的比较···············································……2不同处理对双低菜籽皮物理结构的影响········，······································……3不同处理饲粮对山羊生长性能的影响··················································，……26结论···，···········，······································································································……28参考文献·······，··················································································，···················……29致谢··········，·····，···，·············，·····，·············································································……35附录······················································································································……36005届硕士学位论文
