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这些东西都可以再网上查到!关于长城的传说 In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan P Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great W The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC) It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall Meng Jiangnu's husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great W Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great W This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan P The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three After the completion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the A tiny move would cause the collapse of the Therefore the brick was kept there and never It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan P In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic A famous one is the legend of the Beacon T This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC) King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen King You liked the The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and 历史 No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou D Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls, constructed by the states of Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms, were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor) After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di), sent three expeditions to fight against the Xiongnu in 127 BC, 121 BC and 119 BC The Xiongnu were driven into the far north of the G To maintain the safety of the Hexi Corridor (today's Gansu Province), the emperor ordered the extension of the Great Wall westward into the Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang The ruins of the beacon towers and debris of the Han Wall are still discernible in Dunhuang, Yumen and Y A recent report shows that ruins of the Han Wall have been discovered near Lopnur in China's Xinjiang Further construction and extensions were made in the successive Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Sui The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly remains from the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) During this period, bricks and granite were used when the workers laid the foundation of the wall and sophisticated designs and passes were built in the places of strategic To strengthen the military control of the northern frontiers, the Ming authorities divided the Great Wall into nine zones and placed each under the control of a Zhen (garrison headquarters) The Ming Wall starts from Yalujiang River (in today's Heilongjiang Province), via today's Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia provinces, to G The total length reaches 12,700 li (over 5,000 kilometers) The Shanhaiguan Pass and the Jiayuguan Pass are two well-preserved passes at either Today, the Wall has become a must-see for every visitor to C Few can help saying 'Wow!' when they stand on top of a beacon tower and look at this giant For centuries, the wall served succeeding dynasties as an efficient military However, it was only when a dynasty had weakened from within that invaders from the north were able to advance and Both the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty, 1271-1368) and the Manchurians (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911) were able take power because of weakness of the government and poverty of the people but never due to any possibility of weakness of the W或者The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and it have a history over 000 The Great Wall, that is called “the ten-thousand-li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6000 kilometers long, 6-7 meters high and 4-5 meters Every a few hundred meters along the Great Wall there are We Chinese are proud of in the Great wall because it is one of the wonders in the world and it stands for C Today the Great Wall becomes a famous place of interest in the Every year, hundreds of thousands of people, not only from China from also all over the world, come to visit

中国文化的过去和未来论文题目大全初一历史

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平凡少年

哦。 来做吧内容提要是全文内容的缩影。在这里,作者以极经济的笔墨,勾画出全文的整体面目;提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。   内容提要是正文的附属部分,一般放置在论文的篇首。   写作内容提要的目的在于:   1.为了使指导老师在未审阅论文全文时,先对文章的主要内容有个大体上的了解,知道研究所取得的主要成果,研究的主要逻辑顺序。   2.为了使其他读者通过阅读内容提要,就能大略了解作者所研究的问题,假如产生共鸣,则再进一步阅读全文。在这里,内容提要成了把论文推荐给众多读者的“广告”。   因此,内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来,便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面,不要罗哩啰嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋,缺乏说明观点的材料。   内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。   报道性提要,主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等,对文章内容的提示较全面。   指示性提要,只简要地叙述研究的成果(数据、看法、意见、结论等),对研究手段、方法、过程等均不涉及。毕业论文一般使用指示性提要。
359 评论(8)

1490444627

论中国传统文化的当代价值  论文摘要:中华文化源远流长,代代相传。“和为贵”的“和合”思想正是其中最具生命力的重要组成部分,它是几千年中国社会发展的思想动力,也是今天中国提出构建“和谐世界”理念的思想源泉。“仁”的思想是当代重要的价值观。是重要的道德标准。 近年来,国内外对中国传统文化的研究和传播,从最初的学习普及转为对“中国道路”的思:索。我们要深入探究这一现象背后的根源,探讨中国传统文化与中国特色社会主义道路之间的关系,使中国特色社会主义道路与中国传统文化的基本精神血脉相连,也使我们的优秀传统文化更富有生机和活力。   关键词:中国传统文化 当代价值 和合 仁文化是人类精神活动和实际活动的方式及其物质与精神成果的总和。由于人们生活实践的复杂多样,文化也相应地具有不同的内容、形式和层次。作为世界四大文明古国之一,早在数千年以前,中国就以独具特色的黄河文化而闻名。其后,经过炎黄子孙长期的创造和积淀,中华文化愈丰富多姿、博大精深,其成就、其影响,举世罕见。 中国国土辽阔、地大物博,自周秦以来除个别分裂割据时期外,在大部分时间内保持着统一的多民族的国家这一政治机构。因而,在中华传统文化这一体系之中,既有源自黄河流域的华夏文明作为主体,也有多样的少数民族文化作为补充,相得益彰。在许多方面,中华民族的祖先曾非常勇敢地、毫不犹豫地吸收外来文化因素,并加以改造,不断丰富中华文化的内涵。独特的地理造就了独特的中华文化,也就对中国的发展和人文历史产生了不同的影响。 一方水土养一方人,不仅养育人的肉体,更滋养人的精神和灵魂。中国的传统文化是地理因素,人文因素的综合结果。中国传统文化讲求修身、齐家、治国、平天下,特别注重道德修养。其中心环节是修身,齐家、治国、平天下是修身的必然结果。修身是立身之道,也是立国之道,主张通过自身的修养和学习,成为高尚的人,有理想的人,其最高目标和终极价值是实现人与群体,个体与社会的统一及协调发展。孔子的儒家学说,确定以“仁”为核心,以“义”为价值准绳,以“礼”为行为规范的道德模式,把个人的道德修养和价值实现定位在对他人、对群体、对社会的关爱和奉献上。这一传统的积极意义在于造就了无数个像范仲淹那样“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”的志士仁人,对中华民族的历史产生了极为深远的影响。这些优秀道德规范在建设和谐文化过程中,仍具有重要的借鉴意义。中国的传统用文化包括好多的方面,以下介绍几个方面。 首先介绍的是仁的思想,仁的思想是有古代的大教育加大思想家孔子提出的。使其思想的核心,他的思想虽然在当时没有受到多大的重视,但在今天看来,对我们的社会生活和各个方面都长生了不可估量的影响。“仁者,爱人”,儒家思想首先强调家庭内部的和睦有序,强调家庭内部的父子兄弟的有序关系,这有其封建的等级思想,但也有尊老爱幼的含义,有利于维护家庭的稳定,而家庭是社会的基本细胞,家庭的稳定有利于社会的稳定。儒家思想还把家庭内部的感情交流推广到整个社会的人际交往,强调人与人之间的互相尊重与爱护。“己所不欲,勿施与人,”在社会交往中,儒家思想强调换位思考,从别人的立场为对方考虑,这是人际交往的理想境界,是我们形成良好社会道德风尚的要求“克己复礼为仁” 孔子的“仁”与“礼”是紧密联系的。“礼”是指统治制度,包括各种社会制度和社会规范。“克己复礼”就是要求人抑制私心欲念,遵守社会制度秩序,要求人们“非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言非礼勿动“。历史的发展,社会的进步,有些特性是发生了巨大的改变,也会出现一些以前社会所没有的特性。但是,无论社会是怎么发展,有些东西在人的内心是永恒的,历史的思想我们可以按照当今的时代背景重新加以解释,它也能发挥时代的光芒。在当代中国孔子的仁学思想从自觉地实现个人价值体系和主流社会意识,已经转变唯一是和文化心理习惯的形式。仁学的思想能够在解决现代人的信仰失衡,建立理想人格世界方面发挥不可代替的作用,并成为世界多元文化和文明的一个重要的组成部分。在客观上促进了现代企业管理向人性化方向的人本管理的发展。可以这样说,孔子所构想的大同社会的政治理想,在今天民主与宪政的社会里已经在一定程度上成为现实,在现阶段中国社会政治发展阶段中对孔子仁的思想采取取其精华去其糟粕的态度,可以加速中国现代化的进程,促进人文精神的发展。 其次介绍的是中国传统文化中的“和”思想。中国古代思想提倡“天人合一”,即人要与自然界和谐相处,在尊重与保护自然中谋生存,求发展。 “和合”思想是中国古代先哲们对自然界、人类社会各种现象的本质的概括。它承认事物的差异性,如阴阳、天人等,但同时又把具有差异性的事物有机地结合为一体,如阴阳和合、天人合一等;它并不否认矛盾和冲突的存在,但主张防止过度的矛盾和冲突破坏不同事物相互依存、共同存在的环境基础。 秦汉以后,“和合”思想被普遍应用,渗透于各个时代各家各派的思想之中,逐渐成为中国思想文化中被普遍接受和认同的人文精神。 “和合”思想对中国历代封建王朝的外交哲学和对外交往方式也产生了重要影响。在现代“和合”思想仍具有重要的影响。和合”思想强调不同文化之间的相互交往、吸收、融合,对推进人类文明的发展起了至关重要的作用。在全球化加速发展的今天,在不同民族和地域的文化特点与差异依然存在的情况下,减少摩擦、增加共识,发扬“和为贵”、“和而不同”的思想显得更为重要。为此,继承和发扬优秀传统文化的共存、共生、共赢的“和合”思想,坚持走和平发展的道路,是发扬中国传统文化的根本。 中国在融入世界的过程中,领悟了传统文化“和为贵”、“和而不同”的启示,中国所倡导的“和谐世界”理念,必将推动全球多元文化的共同发展,成为引领国际关系发展的新潮流。  中华文明自上古诞生之日起,就如一条川流不息的河流,绵延至今。共同的心理特征,文化特质是在广阔而漫长的历史舞台上形成的,并且已经在中华民族深深扎根,不可替代,不可更改。任何外来文化只是对我们的民族精神的丰富和补充。我们挖掘、整理传统文化,继承有价值的东西,就是要充分认识,全面考察传统文化,就是要高度重视传统文化的不可替代的作用,充分认识传统文化对创建社会主义文化的历史基础性作用,这对我们找到历史坐标,找准历史方位,具有重要的现实意义。切实发挥优秀传统文化在提高道德修养、培养道德规范方面的重要作用。   弘扬优秀传统文化中蕴含的中华民族精神,形成以爱国主义为核心的民族精神。民族精神是一个民族在长期的共同生产生活和共同的社会实践基础上形成和发展的,为民族大多数成员所认同和接受的思想品格、价值取向和道德规范,是一个民族的支柱和灵魂,它对于塑造民族的品格和风貌,对于民族凝聚力、向心力的增强,作用之大不可估量。而传统文化正是民族精神的重要载体,所以我们进行民族精神教育时,离不开传统文化教育。建设社会主义精神文明首先是要弘扬爱国主义,这是民族魂。诸如“天下为公”、“世界大同”的理想精神,各族一家、协和万邦的宽容精神,忧国忧民、献身祖国的爱国精神等等。在市场经济的负效应冲击精神文明建设的今天,这些民族精神的精华,必须通过认真的梳理、挖掘,形成社会主义核心价值体系,激发人们的民族自尊心、自信心和建设社会主义现代化国家的热情,“使全社会的文化创造活力充分释放、文化创新成果不断涌现,使当代中华文化更加多姿多彩、更具吸引力和感染力。
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