Author Mario Puzo is a native-born Americans， and long-term living in the heart of the modern civilization of capitalism - New York A During World War II， serving in the US Demobilization， literary and artistic creation is studied at Columbia University， and later at the Social Survey Institute specializing in all aspects of American His first novel "infighting" is the description of the best novels of the post-war occupied Germany; his second novel， "Lucky pilgrims" "New York Times" called "classic works" "The Godfather" is the author's third Novel publishing sensation throughout the United States， causing extensive comments and Made famous contemporary American literary critic Hall Burden on the novel "The Saturday Review" in-depth analysis and insightful He writes: "Mario Puzo's new novel is a battering ram at the stubborn bastion of violent attacks， the main purpose of enlightening This is a substantial family history is a record of a family at all gun， ax， hanged with Psychological Warfare Group of the US ground forces dominate the control of the system to achieve their own detailed process "the story of this work to the ups and Puzo performance skills quite the skill: his pen， an otherwise very indignation of the plot are very fair and All passions， all the killing， all the vulgar relations between the sexes， the context in which the characters he portrayed But he was also chilling temperament can he shaped figures contrast with a human face， be "" The Godfather "is a the Amazingly success for is to expose the insidious crime syndicates authoritative " Puzo has been able to write such a successful work， mainly because he was familiar with American society all areas of life and the secret of all walks of life and are familiar with the secret of the wide variety of characters' The nature of American society， his insight into the crux of the problem， and thus have the final Both in the United States or other countries outside the United States， there are a lot of people consider this question: what would happen to American society? It is not an ideal society? Novel inherited the fine tradition of critical realism of such people are generally concerned about an extremely vivid， convincing Of faithful to the laws of art， certainly neither abstract nor general denial， but only objectively the most hidden nature of American society reveals naked The work is naturally revealed to the fascinating scenes and exciting Peel magnificent， the fig leaf dazzling， it is easy to see: here is not the carefree paradise on earth， but a typical intrigues of the adventurer's paradise; always full of traps， the gun， stab in the back; feel insecure; here， in addition to the superficial， deep down there is no "liberty， equality and fraternity" Of the artist's technique allows us to see， not the United States social life floating on the surface of the bright phenomenon， but hidden in the deep the eerie essence or nature of certain aspects of: their responsibility to maintain law and order police officers the police; their responsibility to maintain the dignity of the law judges， lawyers， as well as the legitimate representatives of the people， Mr; "fair and objective" vaunted newspaper editors， reporters， though sometimes has nothing to do with their own or their group also vowed to carry out their duties， but because most of them secretly part of the underground forces group， but privately he is doing very different people can not see the dirty with their public From between the lines of the novel， we can clearly see the relationship of social organization， Americans have a dual identity: an open society membership， such as police officers， police， judges， lawyers， parliamentarians， newspaper editors， reporters ， as well as actors， shopkeepers， trade union leaders， and so on， arranges to "business-like， Untouchables" receive legitimate reward each according to their contribution to society， this side of it is irreproachable; another is the secret identity of the members of the group they secretly belong to the underground forces group， each must be an open identity， legal form， they belong to the underground forces group allegiance， to additional remuneration on a regular basis， this side is absolutely confidential "， even against his own wife and children are also tight- Such a penetrating analysis of the nature of American society， is unique in the history of American People in an open society has been wronged， often not the protection of Reason: in the open society has been wronged， according to the unreasonable provisions of the law， always seem to "deserve"; while practicing favoritism can always take advantage of the flexibility of the law to distort the law was unreasonable， while still formally maintain the solemnity of the law， impartially， the results always seem to "should" Therefore， in order to survive in the competition， to the prevention of injustice nowhere extension， bitter nowhere dolor also have to take refuge in the underground forces group requirements necessary for them to justice， for which they would rather be on a regular basis and prepaid "protection " The underground forces Group bribe the authorities concerned， various illegal activities - smuggling， drug trafficking， put the casino， brothel with Through these activities， the accumulation of great wealth but also colluding open political bigwigs forces， or placement of their cronies to vital sectors of the Above a powerful umbrella， plus their understanding of the tools of public opinion echoed， not only they can do whatever they want， and can be They have a close-knit organization: the core leadership team， a single point of contact in-house system， there are layers of peripheral tissues; own legal counsel， but also their own "army"， also has its own intelligence Once one of us has been compromised， oppressed and wronged， able to negotiate a negotiated settlement can not be negotiations on the adoption of means of destruction as well as assassination Even council elections， the best actor elections， despite sounding on the surface， impeccable， but most manipulated in the hands of the underground forces G They intervene， can upset that some people run for elected The novel by Depiction of the "war" between the knife in the US ground forces group， vividly reveals the essence of most hidden below the surface of American Of storytelling method is also The story， of course， a main But often， the main line of development to a certain stage， pause， bifurcation extended away form Extension， Extension development to the end， then come back to the main line， to continue to develop the main Needed， feeder can be more or The entire story line and branch development context， much like a tree trunk and And "The Godfather" in many Extension is not bifurcation out from the main line， but each has its own source of own processes， to the end， I was naturally brought together to the main line The whole story of the development context of the main line and branch lines， much like a relationship between the mainstream and tributaries of the river: each source together into a torrent， blew Can also re-start， so the story continues to develop can not be a stage of development Of more leeway， a brighter future， This method is worth "The Godfather" Vito Corleone is the head of one of New York's five major underground forces The the Corleone underground forces led to his Group is principally engaged in the smuggling of imported olive oil from Europe， casino， and so His forces throughout the United States throughout the East and West， has his people in key government His magical wand desire to protect and support the pious people called him "The Godfather" He responsive， following what it says， which won the people's Any thing， as long as he secretly or openly intervene in a development and changes will be in accordance with his He is a really powerful figure in American "The Godfather" They are convinced that: demanding justice in an open society is wishful thinking， only within the gang have justice at This is issued by the heartfelt words of the people familiar with the heritage of the American society of all the capitalist society according to their own personal This is the view of the characters in the novel， but also the point of view of the The law of the jungle society， inevitably some people do not believe that the community can give them They refused to hand over their own destiny given to those dignitaries， any of its mercy， allowed to make fun What is the ability of those people? But they can muster a pinch of anthropogenic they join after they are elected "The Godfather" The reason they do not want to enter the open society， because they can not be reconciled fancy They are determined to use all means in the underground world to develop their own， grow their own， to become strong， then "repented" Open society， they entered the jungle， strong attitude appears this is all a capitalist society， especially the upper classes of society powerful figure in the United States with the regularity of the same path of Which a consortium or billionaire is not from malpractice， speculation started? China has an old saying: "the fame million " Read the novel， we have every reason to say: "make a fortune million bone " Therefore， the authors quote the first chapter of the novel body in front of France's most outstanding critical realist writer Balzac's famous saying: "Behind the great wealth， hidden " this famous reference to the front of the novel， it is very apt， really wonderful finishing touch pen， point out the theme of the "The Godfather" is the soul of American society， is the spiritual father of American society， he and his spiritual influence is the protagonist of the novel， is the protagonist of the American Throughout the novel figure of nearly one hundred， stresses the more than twenty， mostly that society in the United States in the typical environment of the typical They are both the American Society of births， is the founder of the American society， that is， no American society， there is no them; without them， American society will not become American 11 to be evaluated for all the characters here is not necessary， or let the reader side to side want to read Addition to the protagonist， particular mention should be made of the wife of the youngest son of "The Godfather" Michael Kai A Her good-natured， soon after graduating from college to become teachers， wanted to be a law-abiding citizen， but she was with M She only knew Michael as a man is lovely， but do not know him as a member of the Corleone Group is Waiting for her to know Michael brutal and she lied when she indignantly left However， when she realized that Michael murder are "extenuating circumstances"， "last resort"， she resolutely back to Michael's Her every day and pray that God bless the soul of M Kai Adams character with what happened to her is intriguing and thought- Society like that in the United States， even if there is determined to a good person， but also difficult to unstained from， but also difficult to be an exception， unless it is really thorough Authors let the Kai Adams Fenran left to Michael， soon did she is pleased to return to Michael's side， this is not the general disputes love happy endings， this unexpected and strange ending its very rich ideological It presents us with an extremely complex and profound literary theory: the writer by the description of the inner world of characters， should lead the reader's attention to individual characters or the society as a whole? Specifically， in the darkness of the old society， the writer should guide the reader the hated individual bad guys or the entire social structure? In the light of new social， writers should guide the reader to worship the individual hero or the society as a whole? "The Godfather" novel of extraordinary artistic charm lies: the the description all bad， but of music do magic pen even let the readers do not hate individual villain， and hate the whole sordid social Godfather and its successors - his youngest son， Michael， could have been bad enough villain， but it does not seem abhorrent because they kill the entire unreasonable social forced out because they kill are also more Compare them with those behind the scenes "sit spoils politicians， the extent of the" bad "， there really is Think about it: clearly written bad guys， but also the bad guys "bad" vividly written， vivid， but also not to allow the reader to hate the bad guys but hate that produce the bad guys can not see， scratching their entire social This is easier said than done! What a superb artistic skills! Kai Adams can forgive Michael， the reader will forgive M Michael should save the soul from iniquity， Kai Adams， naive， ignorant old woman， only to appeal to the G Ancient and modern， distinguished writer in his works never considered itself "Teacher's Secretary" never forever and speak about the positive truth; they are by no means contempt for the reader， never insult the reader; They have great respect for the reader's judgment; they tend to cite the corner， and let the reader to "the Misumi anti"; Sometimes， they even deliberately pointed to a dead end road， allowing readers to return to the right way To save the godfather of soul， to save the soul of Michael， pray， that being the Well， the way out? In this sense， we have reason to believe that critical realism works in the past， despite some criticism of capitalist society very profound， but revealed mostly superficial， and "The Godfather" really dig out the capitalist society We see the relationship between men and women in the novel， not the characters in his novels， the kind of devout affection and lingering tenderness， love tragedy by fate， but completely ripped out sentimental veil left naked The noble love relationship between people， has been reduced to the vices of the relationship between the animals and the animals have no feelings between low-level American society where the way out? This is the behavior of all the characters in the novel is bound to arouse the reader to seriously think about a Here， in particular should be pointed out， people and events depicted in the novel， although it seems to us that a little cynical， absurd without， but everywhere in the United States， are common words， this is a solid reality-based work of Can also be said that this is an understanding of American society， the nature of the ideal Worthy of our careful consideration of the novel in front of the body of the special statement， said: "This book everything inside the characters are fictional， if the description of the book with the real person is still alive or already dead similarities， that is purely "the author of this statement， exactly like admitting their guilt" to understand the the novel real social significance and social value from a negative It is a popular literary and artistic works， is a vivid history of social Puzo is a serious， dignified His novels， is not common in the modernist works kind of confusing absurd rendering as a gimmick to entice readers to revel in the fascinating authentic sketch being illusory， but as a wedge to inspire readers to know the United States The nature of our As for the modernist， do not intend to make further comments， just quoted the words of the British literary historian Yi Naite Rubinstein can be seen from the serious Western scholars view: "the end of the century modernist aesthetics， (refers to the end of the nineteenth century Wilde aesthetic school writers， artists， most of them less than 40-year-old died - cited by) short life has been short-lived later from surrealism to existentialism many trapped between the literary genre of the crooked ways reincarnated 20th century bourgeois culture acceleration recession fallen clearly demonstrated through these kinds of "(see" the great tradition of English literature : flood of American literature from Shakespeare to George Bernard Shaw， "in English， in 1969， the United States， the next volume of 850 pages) in the modernist bizarre variant of literary and artistic ideas， Puzo is clearly one to stand up reality Because he trained in the Social Survey Institute of edification， particularly obvious and prominent social meaning and understanding of the value of his Marx said in talking about the brilliant achievements of Dickens British novelist of critical realism: "In their intelligible and touching description of the world reveals the political and social truths than politicians， political commentator home and moralists together made more than the Chinese version of "(see Marx and Engels on Art， Volume II， page 402) when it comes to the French writer Balzac's" Human Comedy "， Engels said:" I From here， even in economic details (such as the re-allocation of the movable and immovable property after the revolution) have learned， than the things learned from all professional historians， economists and statisticians there even "(see the Chinese version of" Marx and Engels， Selected Works， Volume IV 463) we can also say， "The Godfather" vivid stories reveal the truth of the political and social， compared to all the politicians， political commentator home and all news reports revealed together even more， we can learn something from here， than from all historians， economists and statisticians as well as newspapers and magazines that can be learned All things even This book， the translator， the reason is worth translation， the reader， is worth reading， the fundamental reason is American writer Mario Puzo's works， Synopsis: New York one of the five dark forces group Vito Corleone， a variety of extreme measures， to achieve the status of Domination in the dark forces In this struggle between black gang Rush; smuggling and drug trafficking din waves; casino smoke; red-light district wishes to cross- The book is considered to be the most authoritative works to describe the the triad phenomenon in the capitalist 这是读后感啊
EducationEducation in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind， character or physical ability of an In its technical sense， education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge， skills and values from one generation to Etymologically， the word education is derived from educare (Latin) "bring up"， which is related to educere "bring out"， "bring forth what is within"， "bring out potential" and ducere， "to lead"[1]Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects， including reading， writing， mathematics， science and This process is sometimes called schooling when referring to the education of teaching only a certain subject， usually as professors at institutions of higher There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills， such as those required to be a In addition there is an array of education possible at the informal level， such as in museums and libraries， with the Internet and in life Many non-traditional education options are now available and continue to Systems of formal educationEducation is a concept， referring to the process in which students can learn something:Instruction refers to the facilitating of learning toward identified objectives， delivered either by an instructor or other Teaching refers to the actions of a real live instructor designed to impart learning to the Learning refers to learning with a view toward preparing learners with specific knowledge， skills， or abilities that can be applied immediately upon Preschool EducationPrimary (or elementary) education consists of the first 5–7 years of formal， structured In general， main education consists of six or eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six， although this varies between， and sometimes within， Globally， around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education， and this proportion is [2] Under the Education for All programs driven by UNESCO， most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015， and in many countries， it is compulsory for children to receive primary The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary， but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of Some education systems have separate middle schools， with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of Schools that provide primary education， are mostly referred to as primary Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior Secondary educationIn most contemporary educational systems of the world， secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory， comprehensive primary education for minors， to the optional， selective tertiary， "post-secondary"， or "higher" education (， university， vocational school for Depending on the system， schools for this period， or a part of it， may be called secondary or high schools， gymnasiums， lyceums， middle schools， colleges， or vocational The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them， but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage In the United States， Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education， and in New Zealand Year 1-13 is The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge， to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910， caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories (for instance， the emergence of electrification)， that required skilled In order to meet this new job demand， high schools were created and the curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar This proved to be beneficial for both the employer and the employee， because this improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient， which lowered costs for the employer， and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational Higher educationHigher education， also called tertiary， third stage， or post secondary education， is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education， such as a high school， secondary Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education， as well as vocational education and Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary Collectively， these are sometimes known as tertiary Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates， diplomas， or academic Higher education includes teaching， research and social services activities of universities， and within the realm of teaching， it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school) Higher education generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their Higher education is therefore very important to national economies， both as a significant industry in its own right， and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the Adult educationAlternative educationIndigenous education在最大的意义，教育是任何行为或经验，有一个心灵上形成的影响，性格或个人体能。在其技术意义上说，教育是社会的过程，从一代人故意传输其积累的知识，技能和价值观到另一个地方。 词源学，文字教育是从教育保育（拉丁）派生出来的“造就”，这是有关educere“带出”，“内带出什么”是“带出潜力”和ducere，“领导”。 在教育机构教师指导学生的教育，可能会借鉴很多科目，包括阅读，写作，数学，科学和历史。这个过程有时被称为上学时，指的是教学的教授通常只为某一个课题，在高等院校的教育。也有在教育领域，谁想要这些具体要求，如，职业技能是一个飞行员。此外，还有一个是在非正式的教育水平数组，例如可能在博物馆和图书馆，与互联网和生活经验。许多非传统教育的选择，现已并继续得到发展。 系统的正规教育 教育是一个概念，指的是过程，学生可以学到一些东西： 教学是指对确定的学习目标，无论是由导师或其他形式交付便利。 教学是指一个真正的生活，旨在向学生传授学习教练的行动。 学习是指与一对准备与具体知识，技能，或可用于完成后立即查看学习能力的学习者。 幼儿教育 小学（或小学）教育由5-7首次正式，结构化教育。一般来说，主要包括教育，在五，六，虽然这之间不等，有时内，国家开始对6岁或8年的学校教育。就全球而言，约70小学适龄儿童入学％小学教育，这一比例上升[2]在教科文组织教育驾驶的所有方案。，大多数国家都致力于实现普及小学教育入学率在2015年，在许多国家，它是为儿童义务接受初级教育。中，小学和中学教育科是有点武断，但它通常在大约11或12岁发生。一些教育系统中有独立的学校，向发生在中学教育的最后阶段过渡大约在14岁。学校提供初级教育，大多是被称为小学。在这些国家的小学通常分为幼儿学校和初中。 中学教育 在世界上最现代的教育系统，中学教育包括正规教育，在青春期发生。它的特点是从典型的过渡义务教育，小学全面的未成年人教育，可选的，有选择性的成人高等教育，“大专”或“较高”教育（如大学，职业学校。根据系统，学校这段期间，或其中的一部分，可称为中学或高中，体育场馆，公立中学，中等学校，学院，或职业学校。任何对这些条款的确切含义不同从一个系统到另一个。之间的精确边界小学和中学教育也因国家而异，甚至在其中，但一般在对学校教育的第七次是第10个年头。主要是在青少年时期出现的中学教育。在美国，加拿大和澳大利亚一起小学和中学教育有时被称为K - 12教育，并在新西兰使用1-13年。中等教育的目的，可以给予常识，准备接受高等教育或专业培训，直接。 在美国中学教育的出现并没有发生，直到1910年，由于在大企业和工厂的技术进步引起的（例如，电气化）的出现，这需要熟练的工人。为了满足这种新的就业需求，创造了高中课程和实际工作技能，更好地准备白领或学生熟练的蓝领工作的重点。这被证明是为雇主和雇员有利，因为这导致人力资本改善员工变得更有效率，降低了雇主的成本，只收到了小学教育程度较高的工资比员工熟练的员工。 高等教育 高等教育，也叫三级，第三阶段，或专上教育，是在非义务教育阶段的教育水平，遵循了一个提供诸如高中，中等学校中学教育，学校完成。高等教育是通常采取的包括本科和研究生教育，以及职业教育和培训。学院和大学是提供大专教育的主要机构。总的来说，这些有时被称为大专院校。高等教育一般的结果是把证书，文凭或学位收据。 高等教育包括教学，科研和社会服务活动的大学，并在教学领域，它包括了大学本科水平（有时称为大专教育）和研究生（或研究生）级（有时称为研究生院） 。高等教育通常涉及建立一个学位程度或基础学位的工作。在大多数发达国家的人口（50％）高比例现在进入一些在他们的生活时间高等教育。因此，高等教育是非常重要的国家经济，既是一个重要的行业在它自己的权利，并作为培训和教育的人员为其他经济来源。 成人教育 另类教育 土著教育
