Design concepts and conceptual design The concept of people or things on behalf of some of the characteristics of the development process and significance of the conclusions formed by Design concept is generated by the designer for the design thinking of the many emotional and refined into the thinking generated by summing up， so early in the design phase the designer must design the program to make thorough investigation and planning， analysis of a customer's specific program requirements and intent， and purpose of the intention of the program as a whole， geographical features， coupled with cultural content， such as the quality of designers have a unique way of thinking the idea of a series of design can in many thoughts and ideas on refining the design of the concept of the most A short conceptual design is the use of the design concept and its main line running through all of the design method of the design Conceptual design is a complete and comprehensive design process， it will be the designers of the concept through the design of complex and emotional moments of thinking up to a unified rational thinking in order to complete the If the concept of design is an article， then the design concept is the theme of this Conceptual design and to start focusing on the design concept and the design concept is related to all aspects of conceptual Second， the concept of design thinking process The key lies in the concept of design concept and application of two aspects， specifically， it includes the design of pre-planning preparation; technical and feasibility appraisal; thinking cultural significance; geographical characteristics of the study; customers and market research; space forms understanding; design concept and discussion; the expansion of the design concept; the concept of expression; conceptual design evaluation， and many other This shows the overall conceptual design is a wide range of design， the objective is to design constraints， market demand and the subjective initiative of the designer to a design theme of a unified Design concept First of all， to carry out program Program analysis， including analysis of the specific construction sites; building structure analysis; environment and illumination analysis; space several parts， such as functional For the design of commercial space for the analysis and conclusions of the location it is still important， such as McDonald's， KFC and other fast-food restaurants are the location of the larger flow in the city center commercial area， opened the door， windows and the direction of flow line will be is designed to focus And such as bars， tearooms， such as the relative need of the environment with the cultural atmosphere， as far as possible will have a quiet， elegant environment for the introduction of the indoor Analysis followed by the Customer analysis is aimed at understanding the customer's design requirements， for different customers different designs in order to reflect the design of targeting people-oriented Specific in terms of interior design at home， the number of family members， all ages， the owner of the occupation and habits， interests and hobbies are the analysis should be Body height and owners， state of health is guided in all aspects of ergonomic design， the analysis of customer design concept is an important aspect of Followed by market Similar to the existing design of the analysis often can be further profound thinking designers， which put forward the concept of a unique design of the space to create a unique image and decorative Cases which should have the analysis， the development of the market to forecast the spatial distribution of different designs and so on， in-depth market research will help designers to adjust the design thinking， deepen their understanding of the special understanding of the space After data Designed to gather relevant data for analysis helps the designer to design to today's understanding， as well as the special space ergonomic grasp the scale， so that the functionality of the design Finally， the positioning of the design concept and to After a few points in front of after-depth analysis， design， who must have some idea on the whole design and ideas， and these ideas are derived from the design of the perceptual object of thinking， then we would be able to follow an integrated， abstract， summary， summing up the way of thinking of these ideas to identify the inherent classification related to the positioning of the design， creating design As a result of our ideas are based on the program and thus to start on， so its design attributes must have a relative concept and uniqueness， it is designed to ensure that our innovative designs and unique Into the design and application of the concept of The design process is the use of the concept of rational design concepts will be given to the design process， which includes the design concept of the deductive， reasoning， divergent thinking process， ， thus rendering the concept of an effective program in the design If the concept of design is the designer's sensibility come to the conclusion of thinking， then you need to use the concept of the concept of rational designers will design the divergence to a small part of From design concept inherent in the use of the general model should have the following aspects: First， the space forms of Space form and the initial phase of research in the conceptual design for the section in its division， is designed to consider the concept of use of part of the First of all， all space should be considered an integral part of the function of rationality， to be used in the list of analysis， comparison Legend analysis of space to think about the relationship between space， human traffic the size of the status of primary and secondary space， privacy of comparison， the relative movement of space research， This will help us in the layout of more effective and rational use of existing space to make room for the practicality of full Space followed by the conceptualization of flow lines， such as the design is the creation of a marine or underwater world to the concept of the feeling of its space will streamline the use of curves， arc， wave form of the main It is the expression of plant， machinery， application of the concept should be more than a straight line， broken line for the space In the spatial arrangement of this step， every effort should be made to the design and spatial expression of the concept of the rationality of the arrangements combine the space to find the best forms of
据学术堂了解，英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(noun phrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。 例如： The Frequent Bryophytes in the Mountain Helanshan(贺兰山习见苔藓植物)；Thermodynamic Characteristics of Water Absorption of Heattreated Wood(热处理木材的水分吸着热力学特性)。短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。 各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义；况且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突出。 少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，因为疑问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。例如：Can Agricultural Mechanization be Realized Without Petroleum?(农业机械化能离开石油吗?)。 题名不应过长。国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格； 美国国立癌症研究所杂志J Nat Cancer Inst要求题名不超过14个词；英国数学会要求题名不超过12个词。这些规定可供我们参考。 总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。 同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。 在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。例如：工业湿蒸汽的直接热量计算，The Direct Measurement of Heat Transmitted Wet Steam。 英文题名的直译中译文是“由湿蒸汽所传热量的直接计量”，与中文题名相比较，二者用词虽有差别，但内容上是一致的。 在早年，论文题名中的冠词用得较多，近些年有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。 例如：The Effect of Groundwater Quality on the Wheat Yield and Quality．其中两处的冠词the 均可不用。 题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式： 1）全部字母大写。例如：OPTIMAL DISPOSITION OF ROLLER CHAIN DRIVE 2）每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写。例如：The Deformation and Strength of Concrete Dams with Defects 3）题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。 例如：Topographic inversion of interval velocities． 目前第二格式用得最多，而第三格式的使用有增多的趋势。 已得到整个学界或本行业权威人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。 1) 作者。中国人名按汉语拼音拼写；其他非英语国家人名按作者自己提供的罗马字母拼法拼写。 2) 单位。单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址和邮政编码，确保联系方便。前段时间一些单位机构英译纷纷采取缩写，外人不知所云，结果造成混乱。 FAO，WHO，MIT尽人皆知，而BFU是Beijing Forestry University，恐怕只有“圈内”人知。另外，单位英译一定要采用本单位统一的译法(即本单位标准译法)，切不可另起炉灶。
