英语的连词也有很多，在选取了一些适合高中生学习和掌握的连词和连接语后，也大致的归结为以下三类：一 表明事件发生的时间顺序：这一类连词不多，大致有以下这些，也是最为我们学生所熟悉的，主要适用于第一类叙述类题型：then， first， at once， next， after that， previously， while， when， the following day， 二． 表明文章的组织结构:这一类的连词和连接语最多，也最为实用，适用的范围也广，能够灵活广泛的应用后四类题型。1)渐进类（Listing）: firstly， in the first place， secondly， thirdly， my next point is， last/finally， 2)举例类（Illustrating）: for example/ for instance， to illustrate， an example/ instance of this is， let’s take…， take… for example， 3)重申类（Re-stating）: in other words， that is to say， to put it another way， let me put it this way， or rather， namely， 4)旁引类（Referring）: in this respect， in that connection， as we said， apart from this， 5)重述类（Resuming）: to resume， to return to the previous point， getting back to the argument， 6)总结类（Summarizing）: to sum up， in short， it amounts to this， what I have been saying is this， 7)强调类(Emphasizing): it is worth noting， I would like to direct your attention to， let us consider， we must now turn to， I shall begin by， 三 表明作者的观点、态度这一类连词和连接语对于表达主观观点用极大的促进作用，适用于后三类题型。1)看法类 （opinion expressing）: in my opinion， I think/believe/suppose， I agree with…， as I think， it is said， people think， 2)补充类（Introducing）: further evidence: moreover， furthermore， in addition， what’s more， as well， 3)原因类（Cause）: because (of)， since， owing to， on account of， due to， as a result of， 4)结果类（Effect）: as a result， hence， therefore， consequently， thus， so， 5)对比类（Contrasting）: in / by contrast， on the contrary， on the other hand， nevertheless， whereas， while， yet， however， but， 6)比较类（Comparison）: in like manner， likewise， in the same way， similarly， in comparison with， 7)目的类（Purpose）: to this end， for this purpose， with this in mind， in order to， so that， 8)递进类（Intensification）: indeed， in fact， in any event / case， at no time， to tell the truth， （上述连词分类参考自“PETS阅读中需熟练掌握的连接词”一文）熟练的掌握上述有限的单词对于高中阶段的学生来说要求并不高，相反其中很多单词和短语都是学生的课本和练习中经常出现的，学生虽然经常读到看到，但真正能在自己的写作中运用的却少之又少。现在按照上面的分类重新梳理上述连接语的作用和分类，把它们记住，就完成了我们高考作文进步的第一步。 高考作文评分的特点和应对方法首先让我们来看看高考对考生写作能力的要求：1） 灵活运用语法与词汇、组句成文，正确表达的能力；2） 审题准确、组织语言材料有序的能力；3） 能使用好适当的过渡性词语使上下文承接有序，自然通顺的能力。其实以上三点合到一起就是检测学生的英语综合能力。上文已经说过，英语综合能力的提高还是需要学生靠平时脚踏实地的积累。本文所要提出的，是在有限的迎考时间内有效的提高英语写作得分的学习方法和迎考策略。因此，上面的第三点才是本文所要对症下药的症状。接着我们来看看高考阅卷的评分标准。自从2001年开始，高考书面表达启用了新的评分标准，规定书面表达按5个档次给分。主要的评分原则有：评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分；词数少于80和多于120的从总分中减去2分。评分中应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性；如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。上面这一段话中的黑体字部分明确的表明连接语的运用得当对作文分值的影响。另外从高考阅卷的老师处也了解到：行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。最后我们再来看看每一档次的作文分值中对连接语的要求：第五档（很好）：（21～25分）：有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 第四档（好）：（16～20分）：应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第三档（适当）：（11～15分）：应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。第二档（较差）：（6～10分）：较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。第一档（差）：（1～5分）：缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。从上面的评分标准可以看出，无论是英语水平处于哪一个档次的学生，在写作的过程中，如果想要交出令自己满意的答卷，要想为自己的作文加分，都不能忽视下面这一条：要有适当的连接成分，即连接词和连接语的使用。为了使文章在整体上结构严密，浑然一体，增强文章的说服力和感染力，考生应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段落之间，恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。另外，考生很容易犯的一个错误是，在写出若干个句子以后不使用连接词或连词，出现“run-on sentence”(连续句)现象，这是英语写作的大忌。考生一定要牢记，在英语书面表达中一定要用一个连词或连接词连接两个句子(当然，有时用一个分号要连接两个句子)，两个连词连接三个句子，三个连词连接四个句子，依次类推。要想让学生最后能有针对性地应付高考中的作文题，一定先要熟识上述所有的连接语及其使用的语境，教师在平时可以多采用联句成段的教学方式来培养学生使用连接语的习惯和语感，再加上平时的写作练习，使学生能充分重视和体验到连接语对于写作的重要性。在进行写作练习的过程中，可以给学生看一些经典范文，指出其中连接语对于文章结构的妙用，然后让学生进行模拟练习，最后还要及时批改，对使用了连接语的作文进行表扬和点评以起到鼓励学生的作用。最后在考试时，学生在拿到作文题目后首先要明确写作要求，即我们常说的审题，判断题目到底属于哪一类文体，然后在脑海中搜索适用的连接语，对于该用到哪些连接语一定要有一个清醒的思路，然后挑出有用的记录在旁。从阅卷的情况来看，很多考生没有认真思考，动笔就写，之后在写作的过程不断出现一些错误，这是严重影响实际成绩的鲁莽的做法。 实例论证我们首先看一看高考中的一篇满分作文。Sample Writing I (2001)I'm very pleased to（强调类） tell you the changes of my life since（原因类） reduction of learning load was brought But before that（比较类），I was often exhausted at I attended school and had classes the whole In the evening（时间顺序类），I was often forced to do my boring homework and（结果类） I could not go to bed until 11： Since（原因类） the program of reducing learning load was introduced，my life，however（对比类），has been much more I frequently pay a visit to museums，drop in at computer rooms and（时间顺序） draw pictures in my leisure(=spare) After lunch（时间顺序），I watch TV，read stories and（时间顺序） look through newspapers to enrich my No longer do I stay up；on the contrary（对比类），I go to bed at about In short（总结类），I am quite satisfied with my life 上面这一篇作文，是一篇叙事性的文章，因此其时间顺序类连接语也用得最多，在总共用到的13个连接语中，就有4个，但是每一个都不相同，因此通读整篇文章，不仅不让人觉得累赘，反而使文章结构合理，行文流畅。另外类型连接语的合理运用，就更使得整篇文章语言灵活，材料组织有序。相反，如果去掉文章中的所有连接词，那么这篇文章的分值就要掉两个档次。再来看一篇高考范文：Sample Writing II（2006）Film or book， which do you prefer?Some of us think(看法类) that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the The reason is that（原因类） it takes less time to understand the whole Besides（补充类）， the film is usually more interesting， and（递进类） it is easier to Some others have just the opposite opinion（对比类） They think that they can get more detailed information from the Meanwhile（对比类）， the language in the book is possibly more lively and Personally， I agree with（看法类） the second Actually （递进类）I have more reasons for I think（看法类） I can stay at home， reading quietly in a situation of my own， and what’s more（补充类）， I am able to better understand the author’s In a word（总结类）， to read the original work is better than to see the film based on （2006浙江省高考参考范文）这篇文章属于议论文，因此，在其中用于表达主管看法类的连接语最多，其它的连接语也多是第三大类中适用于议论文的词组。一篇范文是老师阅卷的标准，范文既然如此，可见连接语的熟练使用对一篇作文有多么的重要了。综上所述，希望可以通过本文的叙述，使学生认识到连接语在英语写作中的重要性，并通过学习和掌握连接语的使用使学生的英语作文写作水平能够得到一定的提高。
一假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。 英语作文网 Dear David， I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn C Chinese is very useful， and many foreigners are learning it It's difficult for you because it's quite different from E You have to remember as many Chinese words as It's also important to do some reading and You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your Do your best to talk with people in C You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around If you have any questions， please ask I'm sure you'll learn Chinese Hope to see you soon in B Yours， Wang Ming 二请你根据下面的提纲，以“我的家乡”为题，写一篇100—120字的短文。 提纲： (1) 家乡的地理位置； (2) 解放前的情况； (3) 解放后的变化； (4) 对家乡的感情。 My Home Town My home town is a beautiful It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and But in the old days it was a poor and backward little Many people had no They lived a hard In 1949 my hometown was Since then great changes have taken place The streets have been Factories， schools， hospitals， cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after The life of the people is greatly I love my All the more I love its They are working hard so as to make it still richer and more 三健康对于我们每个人来说是非常重要的，但你的父母天天忙于工作而忽略了这个问题，你很为他们担忧。请你以此为话题，并结合提示给他们写一封信。 提示：要走路去上班，而不是开车或坐车； 每周至少去体育馆锻炼一次，或打球、或游泳； 饮食要健康； 不要工作太晚，要早休息。 要求：短文结构完整，意思连贯，语言流畅，语法准确，符合逻辑； 80—100词左右； 开头和结尾部分已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Dad(Mum)， You’re so busy every day that you don’t pay much attention to your I’m worried about your health all the I’d like to give you some I hear walking is the best Your company isn’t far from home， is it? Why not walk to the office? You’d better take exercise at least once a week， such as playing tennis in the Going to swim is also a nice choice， What’s more， it’s necessary to have healthy Try not to stay up too Having enough sleep can help your brain work Dad， please accept my I really wish you healthy! Your loving son (daughter) Tom (Mary) 四Dear Dad(Mum)， You’re so busy every day that you don’t pay much attention to your I am worried about I hope you can keep You often drive to your It is not What about walking there because it can make you much stronger?I’d like you to play basketball or go swimming in the gym at least once a It is important to eat healthy food such as vegetables， meat， eggs and Though your work is hard， I still hope that you can go to bed early so that you can get enough I’m looking forward to receiving your Your loving son (daughter) Tom (Mary)五 随着阳光体育运动在全国开展，政府对中学生身体素质有所下降这个问题给予了高度重视，提出了这样的标语：“EXERCISE ONE HOUR A DAY， KEEP ILLNESS AWAY”。同学们参加了各种体育锻炼之后，校园里出现了可喜的变化，强身健体，增强了学习效果，校园生活丰富了。请你报道一下学校开展这一活动的情况。 注意： 词数80—100左右。 要求文章结构合理、内容通顺、句子连贯。 参考词汇：build up one’s body strength 强健身体 reduce diseases 减少疾病As the Sunny Sports is developing in our country， the government has paid attention to the health of the students and raised， "EXERCISE ONE HOUR A DAY， KEEP ILLNESS AWAY" So far our school life has changed a Now we have more time to do sport in the morning or after We play football， basketball， badminton and They let our brains relax and make our school life more We have become more Above all our study has all been Let’s take exercise every It can build up our body strength and reduce 六 Doing sport builds up our body strength and reduces Though we lead a better life， our health is becoming worse So "EXERCISE ONE HOUR A DAY，KEEP ILLNESS AWAY" has been raised by the At noon or after school we play ball games， swimming and Look!The playground seems smaller because lots of students are playing on The school life has become colorful and we are As a result we study harder and The Sunny Sports has brought an exciting change to Let’s keep on doing 七Career or Family: which is more important? When asked about their opinion of career and family， people always respond Some people deem it more important to pursue their career， while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our In the very first place， career can give us an aim to live Without career， much of our living time will be certainly What’s more， career can provide us with a means to live Most of the people earn their income from a On the other hand， family is also an indispensable part of life， as many people will Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in In addition， we can obtain a sense of belonging to from Without it， anyone will feel lonely and In my opinion， career and family are not in opposition to each Rather， they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and Therefore， it’s not a choice between right and wrong， but one between ideal and 中国公务网 2006-5-28 11:34:59八 Olympics and IDear friend， I have a great news to inform Through long efforts， Beijing has been granted the right to host 2008 Olympic As a resident in Beijing， I feel quite excited and like to share with you my This success means a lot more than a game to In the first place， this Games will definitely promote the development of our According to a recent survey by some experts， this games will raise our GDP by about 3%， and offer about 10，000 What’s more， our culture will be widely recognized and accepted all over the world through the G People will come over from every corner of the world， and experience Chinese culture in every Besides， through the games， our living environment will be greatly For example， the public transportation system will be up- Moreover， it’s known that more trees will be planted， and grassland will be considerably My friend， I really look forward to the coming of this great G As an individual， I’m all ready to offer my help in any way I I also hope to invite you all to come here， and watch the games in Sincerely yours，九 Tourism in China Recent years have seen a tendency in China that tourism is growing According to a recent survey made by some experts， about 47% urban residents travel regularly， and 28% rural residents also make their tour across the The survey also shows that more people are interested in tourism， and will join the army in the Facing this tendency， we can’t help exploring some underlying factors that are In the very first place， with the policy of reform and opening up， Chinese people’s living standard has been greatly improved， and therefore， most of them can afford to travel What’s more， it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude to tourism， and regard it as a life In addition， tourism facilities are becoming better and For example， transportation develops fast， and many scenic spots are available 十What a disaster(灾难)!So far，it's reported that more than 60，000 people died in the SiChuan What's more， millions of people there have become And they are still in the danger of illness and other Anyway， thanks to all the kind people， in and abroad，the situation has been changing But we still work hard at it，especially to build houses for those homeless people and cure the injured What can we do now? Besides doing our own job well，we can donate money to We firmly believe that with the party and the government's strong leadership， and with the people of all nationalities throughout the country to aid，this earthquake relief will be a victory!
