重复性表达情况1：「A词的含义包含B词的含义」例①：The results are plotted 改进：The results are plotted 分析：plot本身就是作图的意思，所以graphically可以去掉。如果要用graphically，可以写成：The results are represented ，但这显然没有The results are plotted 简洁。顺便提一下，表示“绘制”和survival curves搭配的动词如下：To generate survival curvesTo plot survival curvesTo construct survival curves例②：This arrangement avoids the rebreathing of previously exhaled 改进：This arrangement avoids 分析：rebreathing的意思就是吸入已经呼出的气体，所以This arrangement avoids rebreathing 即可。例③： fully complies with the requirements needed in 改进： fully complies with the requirements in 分析：requirement和need意思相近，可以去掉needed。例④： perations of varying magnitude， ranging from simple drainage to a full 改进： perations from simple drainage to a full 分析：“of varying magnitude”、“ranging”和 “”都是关于范围的表达，可以简化成：operations from simple drainage to a full laparotomy。例⑤：It is possible that our results might have been better had 改进：Our results might have been better had 分析：“It is possible that ”和“might”意思相同，二者取其一即可。例⑥：Myoclonus and myelinolysis may follow as 改进：Myoclonus and myelinolysis may be 分析：sequelae必然follow，所以可以去掉follow。重复性表达情况2：「中英文差异」错误：Although aspirin is effective in RA， but it offers no therapeutic benefit in AS正确：Although aspirin is effective in RA， it offers no therapeutic benefit in AS 或 Aspirin is effective in RA， but it offers no therapeutic benefit in AS分析：“虽然……，但是……"是中文里的常用表达，但是在英文里只能二者取其一。错误：In addition， some patients also received potassium 正确：In addition， some patients received potassium 分析：中文里，我们会说“此外，部分患者还服用了钾补充剂”，但在英文中，“in addition”和“also”二者取其一即可。错误：Recent studies have shown that mast cells store and release proinflammatory cytokines including IL-4， IL-6， 正确：Recent studies have shown that mast cells store and release proinflammatory cytokines including IL-4 and IL-分析：在中文里，我们常说“包括……等”，但在英文里，including/such as和不能同时出现。因为including/such as后面接部分内容，表示除了列举出的内容以外还有其他内容，而也一样，表示省略了部分内容，所以二者取其一即可。重复性表达情况3：「同样的单词多次出现」例①：Two patientshad type I， 7 had type II， and 1 had type IIIMirizzi 为了避免重复，可以仅在句末写出疾病名称。此外，除了一开始有patients，后面都省略了patients。例②：A total of 29 patients completed laparoscopic cholecystectomy， and they all had type I or II Mirizzi One patient with type II disease underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct Two patients with type III or IV disease were converted to open surgery; the type III patient underwent bile duct end-to-end anastomosis， and the type IV patient underwent 根据情况变换表达形式，如：type * Mirizzi syndrome、patient with type * disease和type * patient。例③：Of all patients， 26 showed a complete response，12 showed a partial response， and 5 showed no 除了一开始用了patients，后面把patients全部省略，避免了多次出现patients而显得冗长啰嗦。例④：LdT is effective in controlling hepatitis activity in pregnant women with CHB， as it rapidly decreases HBV DNA levels and reduces mother-to-infant transmission of HBVIts use is therefore beneficial to both mothers and 用代词指代之前的LdT，从而避免了重复性表达。例⑤：Local recurrence was found in 10 patients and metastasis in 11 这种句型可以只用一次“was found”，不会影响句意的表达。
