论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita， the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze， an American， is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert， a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is， but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture， and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However， he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together， their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion， which he overtly links to art， history， and culture， and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually， Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty， who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis， and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic， logical In the foreword to Lolita， John Ray， J， PD， claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry， but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study， heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example， he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt， the headmistress of Lolita’s school， diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature， wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field， Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being， but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell， closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous， strange， and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry， and Lolita is， in a way， an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关，但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles， and， alienated from the societies with which they are familiar， they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America， while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together， they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient， belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open， unfamiliar territory， Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules， where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity， and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom， their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go， and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita， he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile， Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison， it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves， an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L
例如：朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。一人得道，鸡犬升天。衙门八字开，有理无钱莫进来。只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。四、 风俗习惯不同的民族形成了各自独特的风俗习惯：正如英语中一句谚语所说的：“So many countries， so many ”在对狗的态度上，中国人脑海中狗如同鸡、鸭、猪一样是一种地位十分卑微的动物。常常把狗与“下贱”、“低微”、“无赖”等贬义词联系在一起，如“狼心狗肺”、“狗腿子”、“猪狗不如”、“狐朋狗党”等，[5]（P83）虽然狗也用作看家护院、狩猎、牧羊。狗还常被宰杀烹调，这在西方人看来是非常不能接受的。中国人对狗的态度在谚语中可以体现出来，如：狗眼看人低。 好狗不挡道。 狗嘴里吐不出象牙。 狗改不了吃屎。 痛打落水狗。而狗在西方人眼中不仅是狩猎、看门、工作的得力可靠的好帮手，更是生活中重要的伴侣和朋友，是抚慰人们寂寞空虚生活不可缺少的一部分，甚至将其视为家中的成员，与狗有着深厚的感情。在西方还有发生狗死后，为其安葬立碑的事。因此，狗的形象在英语谚语中是褒义的，人们对狗是怜爱、赞赏的。英语谚语之中，常常以狗的形象来比喻人的行为。如：You are a lucky 你是一个幸运儿。 Every dog has its 各人皆有出头之日。 Old dog will not learn new 老人学不了新东西。 Love me， love my 爱屋及乌。而英语中兔子常代表胆怯，但汉语中与“胆怯”相联系的动物形象则是老鼠。因此有谚语“气壮如牛，胆小如鼠”；英语民族常用狮子比喻力量、雄威，所以有谚语：March comes in like a lion and goes out like a 三月来如猛狮；去如羔羊。Every dog is a lion at 狗是百步王，只在门前狠。A lion may be beholden to a 老鼠也能帮狮子；弱者也能帮强者。这里因为狮子多产于非洲、印度等地，而英国历史上与这些地区或国家有着很深的关系。而我国不产狮子，无论南方北方都产老虎。[6]（P73）从前，老虎数量繁多，常出没山林，侵扰人民，甚至危害人命。人们认为虎为百兽之王，对虎十分敬畏，有“养虎为患”、“伴君如伴虎”的说法，把虎看作力量、威武、雄壮的象征，因此产生了许多关于与老虎有关的谚语。例如：山中无老虎，猴子称大王。 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 虎毒不食子 初生牛犊不怕虎。五、 民族性格中西方由于各自生存环境的差异，以及人们对自身环境的不同应战，发展出各自不同的社会文明，从而产生了不同的文化取向、价值观念、性格特征。在古希腊，由于土地的贫瘠，海上通道的开辟，再加上频繁的战争和几次大规模的民族迁徙，使得他们很早就发展起商业经济，创造了人类最古老的商业文明。西方成了典型的商业社会，人们从事着频繁的商业活动，正所谓“The English are a nation of shop-”（英国全民皆商，外表富强）。经商的成效不在天地鬼神而在自己，在于自己的才干。[7]（P22-23）商场中的竞争激烈、优胜劣汰、你失我得，这形成了西方人个人意识较强、重视个人作用、个人独立自主、个人利益的个人主义思想。Self comes 自我利益是第一位的。Everyman for himself and God for us 个人为自己，上帝为大家。Near is my shirt， but nearer is my 自己的利益最切身。Self-preservation is the first law of 保存自己是自然界的第一法则。He who depends on another dines ill and sups 指望别人，难有好吃喝。而经商见效快、获利多、风险大，也养成了西方人急功近利、富于进取、敢于冒险的流动性格。If at first you don’t succeed， try， try， try Forbidden fruit is Catch as catch Discontent is the first step in Life is a battle from cradle to 人生是一场从摇篮到坟墓的战斗。Life， to be worthy of a rational being， must be always in 人生必须永远前进，才不愧为有理智的人。Fortune favors the 勇者天佑。个人主义思想使西方人重视突出个人，喜欢表现自己的个性，乐于标新立异，爱出风头，尊重个性、自我，并鼓励个性发展，对别人因个性表现出的任何形态都能够理解接受，这可以在谚语中体现出来。It’s squeaky wheel that gets the 吱吱叫的轮子先上油。Tastes 个人品位不同。Every man after his 个人追求个人的风格。 If you’ve got it， flaunt 这句谚语来源于一部The producer的美国电影。意思是如果你有钱、本事、美貌或性感，就应该让人瞧瞧。[8]（P334）而以农业为根本的中国人则截然不同，农业的收获往往不在耕种者，而是老天。人的意志如何强大也阻止不了干旱、洪水、风暴等天灾的来临。[7]（P23）另外农业见效慢，而一年一度的丰收来自于长期的扎扎实实、坚持不懈的努力劳动，这形成了中国人思想意识中安定保守、善于坚持忍耐、缺乏冒险、知足的性格的特质。[5]（P23）
