如果蛋蛋愿意
各位朋友： 现在，我们来到了海神庙。有道是靠山吃山，靠海吃海，自古以来，秦皇岛、山海关沿海一带的航海业、捕捞业就非常发达。明洪武十四年，公元1381年，明朝开国元勋徐达奉命主持修建长城。为了调运各种军需民用物资，在山海关石河口修建了码头。船夫渔民出海作业，总是冒着很大的危险，在科学技术不发达的年代，人们只好把生命托付给神灵。为了乞求神灵的保护，乞求海上风平浪静，平安无事，就在老龙头的西侧修建了海神庙、北海神庙、妈祖庙、龙王庙等四座庙宇。1900年八国联军从老龙头登陆，四座庙宇被毁掉了。现在的海神庙是1988年重新修建的，它综合了原有四座庙宇的特点，重新构思设计，延伸入海124米，是旅游观光、临风休憩的好去处。 这里是牌楼，南北两面各有两个大字：安澜、伏波，——让大海安静，海不扬波，点明了整个海神庙的主题。 往前走就是山门。海神庙和一般佛教庙宇的山门不同，它里面供奉的不是四大天王，而是“天佑”、“天应”两位大海中的神将。“天佑”的意思就是老天保佑，“天应”就是指叫地地灵，叫天天应。传说这二位原来都是大海中的怪物，浑身的力气没处使，就专门兴风作浪，玩恶作剧。后来他们被天后娘娘——就是我们常说的妈祖收伏了，成了妈祖的得力助手。 现在我们来到了海神庙正殿前面的庭院。左右两侧有两个吉祥物。右边的叫做“乘黄”，也叫“飞黄”。我国古代的神话故事集《山海经》说：白民之国有乘黄。长的样子像狐狸，背上有角。要是骑到它的身上，就能活到两千岁。唐朝大文学家韩愈写过这样的诗句：飞黄腾踏去，不能顾蟾蜍。后来，人们就用飞黄腾达来比喻一个人的官职地位上升得非常快。看来，乘黄的功能有两条，长寿和升官。可是，我们眼前的这个乘黄大家千万不要骑，一是真要活到两千岁，那可就太麻烦了；二是您真要骑了上去，可就要准备罚款了。 左边的这一个叫做“龙马”。我国古代传说龙马是河水之精，说它是龙头，马身，还有两个可以张开的翅膀，叫的声音很好听，说它是“鸣声九音”——有些人很谦虚，用“五音不全”来说自己唱歌的声音不好听，但这龙马“鸣声九音”，简直就是一个交响乐团！还有的古书上说这龙马就是乘黄。在海神庙的前面设立龙马、乘黄的塑像，是取其“河水之精”的含义。 现在请大家走进海神庙的大殿。正中端坐的就是海神。两边站的是他的助手。渤海湾一带供奉的是北海之神。北海之神叫做禺京。他的“分工”有两条：让大海风平浪静，让陆地风调雨顺。为了让大海风平浪静，他手持弓箭，查看大海，哪儿的海浪过高，就射箭击碎它，这时，两位巡海夜叉就是它的助手；为了让陆地风调雨顺，他选拔了几位得力的干将，我给大家介绍一下。这两位是千里眼和顺风耳。千里眼的眼睛瞪得大大的，顺风耳的大耳朵拉得长长的，专门负责收集各地旱涝信息。这两位是雷公和电母。雷公头似猕猴，嘴似鸡形，肩膀上长了一对翅膀，左手拿椎，右手使槌，脚踏五面大鼓，他敲起鼓来，就是天上响起了隆隆雷声。电母手拿两面镜子，只要她把镜子飞舞起来，天空里就会出现一道道闪电。左边的这二位是风婆和雨师。风婆只要把她背的布袋拿下来，轻轻一抖是小风，重重一抖是大风，抡上一圈，就成台风了。雨师用柳条在他的宝葫芦里沾上一下，往人间洒一洒，就是一场雨。当然，他用的力度和时间就决定了这场雨的大小和持续时间的长短。 古代的神明，都是凡人自己创造的。神明的功能，大都表达了人们的理想和愿望。今天，千里眼和顺风耳的功能已经由气象卫星和计算机承担起来了，——尽管还不那么准确，不那么全面，而雷公、电母、风婆、雨师的功能，我们最终能取代多少、能不能取代，甚至于有没有必要去取代，现在还都是一连串的未解之谜。 我们该和海神说一声再见了，但愿他能保佑我们旅游顺利，晚上下雨，白天晴天，天天有个好天气，天天有个好心情 乐山古称嘉洲、嘉定。位于四川平原的西南部。是一座风光秀丽的历史文化名城。早在三千多年以前，这里就是蜀王开明的故治，公元316年秦灭属治为南安县，到了北宋时期改名叫平羌，到了隋代的时候，因为传说隋朝的军队航直乐山见到江中有九条龙导航大获全胜，因此更名为龙游，龙游这个名字在历史上沿用的时间最久，一用就用了800年，直到清雍正一十二年也就是公元的1734年根据孔子论语“仁者乐山，智者乐水”更名为乐山并且沿用直今。 现在的乐山下辖十一个县市区，幅员面积万平方公里，人口346万。乐山在改革开放以来各方面都得到了较好的发展，特别是旅游业尤为突出，1996年12月6日，乐山大佛就和娥眉山一起被联合国教科文组织列为了世界自然与文化双重遗产名录，在全中国获此殊荣的也只有四个地方，分别是黄山，泰山，武夷山，以及我们今明两天即将参观到的乐山大佛和娥眉山。而且我们这条旅游线路已经连续九年被国家旅游局列为宗教朝圣黄金旅游专线。所以到家来这边旅游导游一般都会很自豪的告诉大家我们主要是看“一山三佛两家人” 一山，指的就是明天我们就要去参观游览的娥眉山，娥眉山距离乐山38公里，是著名的佛教圣地普闲菩萨的到场，“普闲”掌管着人家的平安健康，所以我们宗教协会又有这样一句话，叫做“朝拜娥眉山，全家保平安”而明天我们去娥眉呢又正好遇到了娥眉山正在举行一个隆重的传戒法会，如果你赶兴趣的话都可以亲自参与到其中，亲眼目睹娥眉山的僧人是怎样为您，为您的家人做平安健康祈祷的，峨眉山的海拔是3099米，因此又有“一山分四季，十里不同天”的说法，也就是说我们平时要一年12个月，漫行几千公里才能感受到的春夏秋冬，四季风光。明天您短短的一天时间就可能感受的到。 三佛，分别指的乐山大佛，1989年发现的隐型睡佛，以及1994年正式对外开放的东方卧佛。 乐山大佛，是世界上最大的一尊石刻弥勒佛坐像，通高71米，头上的发髻石有1051个，眼睛和嘴巴分别长米，眉毛和鼻子分别长米，肩宽28米，就连他脚上一个小小的指甲盖让我们围坐四个人打麻将也不显拥挤。所以有诗形容乐山大佛“山是一尊佛，佛是一左山”一点都不为过。 两家人，指的是古有苏东坡，今有郭沫若，在乐山出了两个大文豪。好了乐山的基本情况小X就介绍到这里，现在是大家都比较关心的，今天下午的游程安排和时间安排了： 现在我们所乘坐的这辆旅游车将直接送大家到旅游定点餐厅用餐，用完午餐以后，大家记住了还要返回到这辆旅游车上继续几分钟的车程，就能到达景区的北门停车场，停车下车以后，我们将要步行600米的距离来到乐山大佛的所在地--凌云山，虽然我们用山来称呼它，其实它的海拔并不高448米，垂直高度还不到100米，也就是说山上山下没有温差，您现在穿着这样的衣服舒适，呆会儿登山就这样穿，不用加减衣服，途中我们会登山300多个台阶，参观到两个小景点，就会进入一个千年古寺“凌云寺”可能根据大家的习惯，到寺庙里面无非就是烧烧香，拜拜佛，但是今天导游不让大家去烧香，也不让大家去拜佛，至于什么原因，进了景区小X再为大家做个详细的介绍。穿过寺庙就来到佛头跟前，在这里大家可以根据我们乐山当地的风俗和大佛一起拍拍五福临门，用手摸头表示步步高升，一辈子不愁。摸鼻子摸财，摸耳朵摸福气，眉毛婚姻美满，拜佛一生平安。当然这里所说的摸不是样您真的用手去摸，而是要用您手中的相机，摄象机通过一定的角度，讲究一定的技术，来拍出这样的照片，希望在座的各位朋友都能拍到满意的照片。 拍好照片以后，体力好的朋友就可以沿着大佛旁边同时期开凿的九曲栈道下到佛脚，到大佛的脚下去主要是去感受一下大佛的高大，伟岸，和他镇守三江的气势，然后沿着另外一边83年新凿的凌云栈道再返回到佛的头部，这样一上一下相当于您在家中走楼层，走了48层楼一样非常的辛苦，所以小X会给大家来一个劳逸结合，找一个有四川特色的老茶园坐下来休息，在你们休息的时间里给大家介绍一下明天我们去娥眉山的注意事项，风土人情，接着把大家安全的送回到旅游车上结束我们的乐山之旅，所需的时间大概为3个半到4个小时，也许您自己去看大佛，就是下九曲栈道，40分钟就足够了，但是您所看到的大佛就仅仅是一个石头刻出来的佛像而已，如果您能够紧跟导游，紧跟团队，在景区里大大小小十几个景点，导游都会为你做一个详细的解说，这样您就会明白古人为什么要修大佛，而我们的乐山大佛为什么会是一个弥勒佛了。 现在我们的旅游车行上了一座桥，它的名字叫做岷江大桥。顾名思义，桥下流淌的就是岷江了，岷江的源头在那里？团队里有没有去过九寨沟的朋友，如果有就因该知道，岷江的源头发源于九寨沟的弓杠岭和郎架岭之间，源头本来是很清澈的但是留到这里，水色受到了污染，已经发乌发黑了，我们当地人都很心疼称它为“乌江”“小黑河”了 在乐山有小江城的雅喻，三江环抱的一个城市，现在我们只能看见岷江，还有两条江看不到，一条是在历史上很有名的大渡河，红军曾经飞度泸定桥抢渡的大渡河，还有一条大家不那么熟悉，叫做青衣江，年青的青，衣服的衣是我们乐山的本土江，我们的饮用水就是取自青衣江。三条大江在乐山大佛的脚下汇流，然后流到宜宾也就是五粮液的故乡汇如长江，成为长江的八大支流之一。
瓶子好多
Jinan Baotu Spring term to guide good friends : You are welcome to visit Qingdao Laoshan tour. Qingdao dozens of mountains, nature Laoshan is a flash in the pan. Laoshan scenic total area of 446 square kilometers, of which around mountain cliff line of km. 1133-meter high peak, his rise to the sky, next to elevate above sea level. Laoshan fresh and humid climate, the average temperature of degrees Celsius, the average winter temperature of degrees Celsius, The average summer temperature of 23 degrees Celsius. Laoshan a long history, monuments Carnival. Much more than 140 million years ago in early Cretaceous, Laoshan was formed 5, 6000 years ago, the settlers live in this habitat. created a brilliant Longshan culture. "" Later Han. Every Meng Chuan "," "" Nanshi. Ming Ming Chuan Monk "" records, and so on. Laoshan unique natural landscape and natural characteristics. The emotions connected to the sea and the sky the same color, and magnificent; Within Qunfeng towering mountains, lost severity, the pair overlapping cliff wall cutting knife, stealing secluded ravine, Every image on the stone peaks abound, heterogeneous, wings; blue sea knows no boundaries, high mountains, dense forests, and mixed with clutch, Lan-changing; sea cliff lines long and winding or broad vistas, Yanbo depths, or the great tide of worldwide, Gu Ming Ying Shan. Famous Spring Laoshan Shengshui exotic. God springs, St. springs, the liquid spring, and three others hexaacetyl Chingchuankang the market leader; Chaoyin Fall, the Longtan waterfall and other scenic beauty with the favorites. Famous Qingdao Laoshan mineral water and beer are on the basis of this water from the ground. Laoshan luxuriant trees, flowers prosperity grass-mao, the region only old trees and flowers has more than 110 strains, some of the trees were 2,500 years. Mountain, a green spring, summer shade Blot out the Sun, golden autumn flowering, winter is everywhere Yushu Qionghua. Laoshan mountain and its wonders,'s profound quiet forever, "the immortals cave house," and "caves" reputation redoubled emperors and generals, scholars Ascot, who's respected monks Road. Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai in left "If I Donghai, the Laoshan meal Zi-xia," the famous poem. Qing Pu Songling Laoshan scenery to write the contents of the "" MAILE "," "" Laoshandaoshi "" and other renowned. Hill Temple temple north, the peak time "JiuGongTu 72 : 8 concept," said. In short, fresh and moist air, a long and splendid history and culture, and its unique cultural and natural landscape, Laoshan Tourist constitute the rich connotation. Laoshan tourism sub-south, north, east, each line as a pearl necklace, numerous connections with the landscape (points). In this paper, "Laoshan tour habit of" tourist routes on each of several major online landscape (points) less than on the left to explore Laoshan winners themselves to savor. 2, the basic tourist route (south) Organization in -- Mingxia hole -- Temple -- Longtan waterfall attractions guides : also known as the Organization in Organization in under the Qing, the locals also said under the Palace. Laoshan in south-Leader, the former Provisional Yellow Sea, a vast expanse of Bristol, according to background seven peaks summits actually show, add to the beauty of the terrain, bamboo Yu-Jong Weng, the Cannes left, Winter separated Schomburg gas-called "small Jiangnan the North." Laoshan ancient gods cents Miyake's Cave said, traditionally peak periods JiuGongTu 72 : 8 concept, and now a few are 17. According to the "" Organization in Intramongolica "" record : Organization in the Western Han Dynasty built in the first year of Jianyuan (221 of 140), Jiang Xi-rui capital of Hamish County Zhang Lian husband created. ZHANG Lian-fu, as static characters, Leshan, born in the Han Emperor nine years and as on the doctor, after the abandonment of post into Taoism. Astrology Metaphysics, into Zhongnanshan studied for several years in the division missionary to Laoshan yang, maritime coast, a repair Mao Yan, three great lords where the throne. Jianyuan three years (221, 138), to build the temple, where three - statue, his name "Organization in," This is the Organization in the origin and has been there for two thousand years of history. Tang dynasty, Xuan Tung Yu Assissi Laoshan, and the expansion of the Palace, where had references to the Three statues and when that happens, Organization in has begun to take shape. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, if clumsy Road Liu Yu to Laoshan, the Organization in the process of a major renovation. Qingyuan the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1195), Chiu Kun aircraft from the Department of Laoshan Hill to preach. Since then, the Laoshan Taoism, including the Organization in Mingyangtianxia, Commonwealth Avenue acolytes from many, and some who hid in religion. Some of the books said. Zhang Sanfeng, Xu Yang Xiu, etc. In this aisle. Ming Dynasty 13 years to 28 years, the Organization in the Historical occurred in a dispute. And the master monk Hanshan Road Geng Yilan mutual contention Organization in the temple site, the lawsuit has been hitting the Shenyang Military Region has lasted 10 years. Road to the end in favor ended. Organization in the former are "sea Chiu won ruins" Inscriptions 13 years of the Ming Dynasty master Jianhai Hanshan Temple in the Palace Chiu, 1939, the emperor Xiangzhi destroyed Temple complex Palace, which was recorded in the matter. Organization in area of 30,000 square meters and a building area of 2,500 square meters. The temple is divided into three courtyards, each entrance. Sanguandian worship "space official," "local government officials" and "officials" three statues; Temple worship "moral respect" and "Jesus Donghua Emperor" "Hope Donghua Emperor"; had references to the Three Temple worship "Fuxi", "The Essential", "Before" Stories. Organization in tall, the hospital "leading-yu," also known as "Chinese elm," God Save the Tang Dynasty for years by the mysterious planting of Assissi. Ginkgo hospital, Age-down trees longer. Ming Nai-Tung by planting two trees, now that each spring to make winter, bright flowers, flowering period for more than three months. Qing Dynasty famous writer Pu Songling In "" Liaozhaizhiyi "" list of "" MAILE "" describes remember "MAILE" "Jiangxue" story, said the hospital is a big red peony and Nai-Tung in disguise. Dianwai three officials of the hospital is a spring called God springs and the springs Qinglie sweet, not dry drought, flooding is not over -- Laoshan is the first Luk. Ming Ming Tung holes in mountains of Kunming, capital of basalt peaks, a Department of Natural Macartney, the original Temple of the one individual institutions. "" Rubber O Intramongolica "" contains, Mingxia holes "built in the Dading, 2002 (Year 1166)" Tung Summit "Mingxia hole" is a misnomer, according to legend, as Qiu machines book. Sun Road from Ziyang has began here. Cliff hole on the inlay inscribed "" Sun Ziyang dredging "" containing its practice Buddhism 1989. Yuan built adjacent to the hole "Doumugong" from the Buddhist. Ming-Lung-year period (1567 -- 1572), when construction of rehabilitation "Reconstruction" one. the late Qing Dynasty built the "Goddess of Mercy Temple" one. Reportedly, there were monks here, Road turn of history. Gao Kuang Ming Tung terrain, scenery unseen Korea, North Korea halo sunset, the clouds can, countless rays of light breeze changing constantly. It has been called the "San Yee Ming," and its prospects as one of the Laoshan 12. Laoshan Taoist Temple in the southern hills, mountains and valleys, because here was deep into the mountains and dust are separated, fresh air, with the tops of pine trees and green slopes, Xiu-lounge, Chingchuankang birds, rocks stand, not only Yi-jing, which is especially beautiful. Taoist Temple is the Mountain View camp, which is Laoshan unique "jungle" temple. Taoism "medium", "money" and "cooperative" three Palace known as the "three-in Wonderland." "Days in the supernatant must Xia, claiming eight Huang, Wan's nine cents, and had Temple," and therefore named. Because with the Organization in symmetry, listed Palace, and Organization in, the same hole Mingxia Laoshan Road southeast of the main concept. Gong founded in the early Song Dynasty, it was Zhao Kuangyin s Huagai live for Liu if clumsy construction of the temples, Song has been spent to injure. Yuan Dade first year of the Buddha hung emblem master hole They said that the repair work Yukio Temple. Temple has around two courtyards and partial hospital Dianyu 28 buildings, covering an area of about 1,000 square meters. Made up the old three-worship, the Jade Emperor worship hall, about Hip honor "three officers" and "seven true." Temple within towering old trees, with a diameter of meters ginkgo, Yokode Stands on three emulsion tree aneurysm, very rare, reportedly can grow into a millennium. The mosque east side of the House have a boulder from "Road Hill," Hill Road and the ramp to the Stone Kegu, Qiu engraved with the machine "" lovely "" Ciyishou. Miyanishi is an arc-shaped knoll Stone, who "endure Shan Temple," and engraved with the Department Chiu Wing-machine Laoshan Qijue 10. Stone under a Qingquan, the name "St. springs," as one of the Laoshan were Luk. Longtan Waterfall Longtan waterfall known as the Jade County, the water elevation of 500 meters from the days of tea and the top gate days between the north of the valley. Soul runs along the pool for a few 10 streams, forming a riptide and Pentium, in a 30-meter-high platform on the cliffs, and straight out of feet outside; warm water in the air after several twists and turns, will be a synthesis of about 30 meters and a width of 5 meters waterfall along the cliffs fall into the 90-degree cliff among the beer. That momentum, like an off Yulong, from the cliff's subversive, mood-elevating, sped under attack splashing in the lake. People to their form, select the sound and watch their color, called "Longtan Waterfall", the waterfalls, pools named "Longtan" Falls top "Longyinhe" two official script to read, one-meter diameter, contemporary famous calligrapher Huangmiaozi 1981 travel book as Laoshan. Fall under-long boulder under tip-ping, visitors sit platform may look far to last four weeks, Near be looking up "Longtan jet Rain," the magnificent scenery. 3. basic tourist routes (north) North nine water Jianyu -- burner -- General Kegu -- Gold Wangyue1 Stone -- flying stone - - fly Wind Cliff -- master Cliff -- Music waterfall shower -- Wei Penny :
不老的传说kz
长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一，它像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方辽阔土地上。它是中国古代劳动人民血汗的结晶，也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。我们汽车奔驰在八达岭高速公路上，马上就要进入景区了。前面的山被称为军都山，八达岭长城就盘旋在军都山上。而汽车行驶的这条路就位于20公里长的关沟中，关沟因有古代著名的关口居庸关而得名。我们可以看到前面的宏伟建筑便是居庸关。居庸关是万里长城的一个重要关口，建于明朝，关城设有南北两门，门外均有瓮城。古建筑早已毁坏，经过近几年的修复，才使古关重现昔日的风采。居庸关内有一著名的汉白玉石建筑，名为云台，它是元朝至正二年即1342年间的一座过街塔的塔基。台上明朝又在此处建了一座泰安寺，也于1702年被火焚毁，最后只留下这个塔基。云台是我国现存最早、最大的一座过街塔的塔基，也是元代石构建筑的重要实物，具有较高的文物价值，现被列为全国重点文物保护单位之一。两旁的山上，过去是苍松翠柏好云遮雾障，禽鸟和鸣，溪流淙淙，处处充满了诗情画意。金代著名的燕就八景之一“居庸叠翠”就指的是这里。可惜被明弘治十三年即1500年的一场山火焚毁殆尽。近几年虽然在这一地区投入了很大力量植树，但由于缺少雨水，历史上的景观已难再现。同时由于修路等人为因素，已往关沟中流传的七十二景，如：穆桂英点将台、仙人桥、弹琴峡等也只能听人讲，不能见其景了。为了让大家对长城有个更好的了解，我现在把有关长城的知识向大家作一介绍。任何事物的发展都有一个过程。长城也不例外。中国的长城起源于春秋战国，大约在公元前7世纪前后。那时候诸侯争霸，为了保护自己的领地不受侵犯，他们纷纷修筑了长城，那时的长城都在各自的边界上，是一段一段的，可以叫“互防长城”。秦始皇于公元前221年吞并六国，统一中原，建立了封建王朝。为了加强统治，防止北方游牧民族的侵扰，秦王朝投入了巨大的人力物力来修筑长城。他们把原来北方燕、赵、秦三国长城连接起来，重修加固，又扩充了许多，修起了一道西起临洮东到辽东延绵万余里的长城。这就是中国历史上第一道万里长城。汉朝的时候，又把秦长城向西延长到盐泽，也就是现在新疆的罗布泊地区。汉长城长1万多公里，是中国历史上修筑长城最长的朝代。到了明朝，也是长城发展的最高峰，工程浩大、建筑技术精湛是中国历史上独一无二的。保存至今，仍然完好的长城，绝大多数是明朝修筑的。需要提醒的是，在中国的历史上不光是秦、汉、明等汉族统治者修筑长城，像北魏、北齐、北周、东魏、金等少数民族的统治都也都修筑过长城，而且金朝修筑的长城长达2500公里，是少数民族修筑长城最长的朝代。细算起来，从春秋战国到明朝经过二千多年的时间，先后有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城。这些长城长短不一、纵横交错，分布在我国的17个省、市、自治区。如果把历朝历代修筑的长城加起来总长度可达十万余里。真可谓“上下两千年，纵横十万里”。有人做过粗略的计算，假如将各个朝代修筑的长城所用的砖石、土方堆起来，修成一道高5米，厚1米的大墙，那么这道大墙可绕地球10周有余。我们今天要参观的八达岭长城就是明代修筑的。它建筑宏伟，防御设施齐全，是万里长城的精华，也是明长城中最杰出的代表。讲到这里，有人不妨要问，明朝为什么要在八达岭地区修筑如此坚固的长城呢？这主要是八达岭的地理位置决定的。它不仅起着护卫明王朝皇陵的作用，同时也是京城的西北门户。大家过一会可以看到八达岭关城门洞的横额上写着“北门锁钥”4个大字，北门指的是京师的北大门，锁钥说长城的坚固和险要，像一把牢不可破的大锁，锁在这里，只要守住此关，京城就可万无一失。可是腐败的明王朝最终被李自成领导的农民起义军推翻了。不过据说当年要自成进北京并没有攻破八达岭关城，而是绕过延庆的柳沟过去的。明王朝为了加强统治，也确实没少下功夫。把元朝残余势力赶走以后，为了防止他们侵扰，明朝在建国之初就提出了“高筑墙”的口号，开国皇帝朱元璋还派大将军徐达、冯胜等率军在北方筑关制塞，修筑长城。在明朝270多年统治中，先后有18次大规模的修筑工程，终于建成一道长城，东起辽宁省的鸭绿江边，西止于甘肃省嘉峪关，这便是我们通常说的，现在还能看到的万里长城。明长城全长6300多公里，经过我国北方9个省、市、自治区。无论从工程技术水平和设防的严密程度，都是以前的长城无法比拟的。同时明代万里长城不再是单一的一道高墙，而是修筑成“层层布防”的纵深防御体系，重点地区还修筑了多道城墙、关隘。宁夏、陕西、山西、河北等地都修筑了长城复线，山西设置的长城复线就有4条之多。在重要的交通军事要地，修筑多座关城和多道较短的墙，如雁门关的10里山谷，有28道石墙，可谓“寸土设障、步步为营”。为了防守，明王朝在长城沿线陈兵90余万。从东到西把长城分9个防区（称为九边，相当于现在的军区），每区都派大将镇守，这种防区称为“镇”，它们是：辽东镇、蓟镇、宣府镇、大同镇、山西镇、延绥镇、宁夏镇、固原镇、甘肃镇。八达岭长城是蓟镇居庸关的下属关口。居庸关是“路”级防区，辖区东自西水峪黄花镇界45公里，西至镇边城坚子谷口紫荆关界60公里，南至宛平县界，北至土木驿宣府界。居庸关关城扼就北咽喉要道，八达岭处在要道的北口。八达岭以南曾修筑三道关，即南口、居庸关、上关，加上八达岭，一共是4道关。弘治十八年即1505年，八达岭建成关城，同期，在关城以北延庆县境内的山川路口、交通要道上，修建墩台、烽燧100多座。这时期，北方摹上俺答部族兴起，不断南下进行抢掠。正德十年（1515年），俺答部骑兵进犯八达岭，大肆杀鹨掠夺而去。俺答骑兵，来去神速，飘忽不定，次年又窜扰延庆地区，威胁京师，民不安宁。为了加强防御，嘉靖十八年即1539年，重修八达岭关城东门。嘉靖三十年（1551年），在八达岭关城西北3里处建兵营，名岔道城。驻扎重兵戚继光调来北方，总理蓟、昌、保三镇防务，他对东起山海关，西迄居庸关，延绵600公里长城重新修筑。由于八达岭战略地位重要，是修筑的重点地段，城墙高大坚固，敌楼密集，用料考究。万历十年（1582年），重建关城西门。先后经营了80多年，八达岭长城成为城关相连，墩堡相望，重城护卫，烽火报警的防御体系。八达岭又是历史上许多重大事件的见证。第一位帝王秦始皇东临碣石之后，从八达岭取道大同，再驾返咸阳，而萧太后巡幸、元太祖入关、元代皇帝每年两次往返北京和上都之间、明朝帝王北伐、清代天子亲征、慈禧太后西逃~~~八达岭都是必经之地。至今在八达岭关城东门外还有慈禧西逃留下的“望京石”一景。1900年八国联军侵占北京，慈禧太后与光绪皇帝一行西逃，逃至八达岭，慈禧站在石头上回望京城，伫立良久，不愿离去，因此去不知何日才能返京，不禁黯然落泪，因此得名望京石。大家有兴趣的话，下车后，可以去看一看。清代以后，早已推动军事价值的八达岭长城日渐荒废。长城的墙体、敌楼等，由于自然和人为因素的破坏，已是断壁残垣。新中国成立后，长城的全部建筑被国家保护，并组织有关部门进行修缮。1961年，国务院确定八达岭长城和城墙为僵重点文物保护单位对游人开放。1984年，在邓小平同志“受我中华，修我长城”的倡议下，古老雄关更换新颜，先后修复敌楼19座，城墙全长3741米，使游览部面积达到万平方米。1986年又被评为新北京十六景之一。1987年万里长城被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列入“世界文化遗产”名录，并颁布了证书，八达岭作为万里长城的代表领取了证书，现在这个证书的原件就保存在八达岭长城脚下的中国长城博物馆。1991年八达岭又以绝对多数票被国家旅游局评为中国旅游胜地四十佳之首。八达岭长城是万里长城向游人开放最早的地段，知名度也最高，迄今，八达岭已接待中外游人6000多万，先后有尼克松、里根、撒切尔夫人、戈尔巴乔夫、伊丽莎白女王、日本天皇夫妇等300多位外国首脑和众多的世界风云人物登上八达岭长城观光游览，这种情况，在世界风景名胜中也是罕见的。“不到长城非好汉”，不用着急，您马上就要成为登城的好汉了。
优质导游证资格证问答知识库
